To assess the role of hypertension and family history of hypertensio n in the development of nephropathy in patients with non insulin dependent dia betes mellitus (NIDDM).Methods. A retrospective analysis was done on ...To assess the role of hypertension and family history of hypertensio n in the development of nephropathy in patients with non insulin dependent dia betes mellitus (NIDDM).Methods. A retrospective analysis was done on 2 groups of NIDDM patients, one g roup without proteinuria (urine protein< 300mg/24h, n=106) and the other group w ith proteinuria (urine protein≥500mg/24h, n=106). The 2 groups were matched by age(≤±3yrs), sex, ethnic and resident place. Some information of these subject s including demographic; history of disease, family history of diseases, lifesty le and behavior style variables was obtained by questionnaire; some variables w ere measured, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), quantity of protein in 24h urine. Then condi tional logistic regression analysis was performed.Results. Some factors, including history of hypertension, longer duration of hy pertension, higher levels of the past highest SBP and DBP, were independently as sociated with the occurrence risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Their correspond ing odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.00(1.17～3.43), 1 .25(1.08～1.46), 1.38(1.15～1.66), and 1.33(1.09～1.62) respectively, but family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with the development o f DN. When the above mentioned relations were respectively adjusted by some pos sible confounding factors, they still existed.Conclusions. History of hypertension, longer duration of hypertension, higher l evels of the past highest SBP and DBP are independent risk factors for DN in Chi nese NIDDM patients.展开更多
Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM...Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)are vulnerable to community-acquired pneumonia(CAP),which have a high mortality rate.We aimed to investigate the value of heparin-binding protein(HBP)as a prognostic marke...BACKGROUND:Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)are vulnerable to community-acquired pneumonia(CAP),which have a high mortality rate.We aimed to investigate the value of heparin-binding protein(HBP)as a prognostic marker of mortality in patients with DM and CAP.METHODS:This retrospective study included CAP patients who were tested for HBP at intensive care unit(ICU)admission from January 2019 to April 2020.Patients were allocated to the DM or non-DM group and paired with propensity score matching.Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes up to 90 days were evaluated.The primary outcome was the 10-day mortality.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,Kaplan-Meier analysis,and Cox regression were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Among 152 enrolled patients,60 pairs were successfully matched.There was no significant difference in 10-day mortality,while more patients in the DM group died within 28 d(P=0.024)and 90 d(P=0.008).In the DM group,HBP levels at ICU admission were higher in 10-day non-survivors than in 10-day survivors(median 182.21[IQR:55.43-300]ng/ml vs.median 66.40[IQR:34.13-107.85]ng/mL,P=0.019),and HBP levels could predict the 10-day mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.747.The cut-off value,sensitivity,and specificity were 160.6 ng/mL,66.7%,and 90.2%,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that HBP was an independent prognostic factor for 10-day(HR 7.196,95%CI:1.596-32.455,P=0.01),28-day(HR 4.381,95%CI:1.449-13.245,P=0.009),and 90-day mortality(HR 4.581,95%CI:1.637-12.819,P=0.004)in patients with DM.CONCLUSION:Plasma HBP at ICU admission was associated with the 10-day,28-day,and 90-day mortality,and might be a prognostic factor in patients with DM and CAP.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-f...This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.展开更多
Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） had become the major therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease （CAD）, but the high rate of in-stent restenosis （ISR） still remained an unsolved clinica...Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） had become the major therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease （CAD）, but the high rate of in-stent restenosis （ISR） still remained an unsolved clinical problem in clinical practice. Increasing evidences suggested that diabetes mellitus （DM） was a major risk factor for ISR, but the risk predictors of ISR in CAD patients with DM had not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristic predictors significantly associated with the occurrence of ISR in diabetic patients following coronary stenting with drug-eluting stent （DES）. Methods A total of 920 patients with diabetes who diagnosed CAD and underwent coronary DES implantation at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in China were consecutively enrolled from January 2012 to December 2012. Of these, 440 patients underwent the second angiography within ≥ 6 months due to the progression of treated target lesions. Finally, 368 of these patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up by angiography after baseline PCI. According to whether ISR was detected at follow-up angiography, patients were divided into the ISR group （n = 74） and the non-ISR group （n = 294）. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM were explored by multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression models. Results A total of 368 patients （260 women and 108 men） with a mean ages of 58.71 ± 10.25 years were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, ISR occurred in 74/368 diabetic patients （20.11%） by follow-up angiography. Univariate analysis showed that most baseline characteristics of the ISR and non-ISR group were similar. Patients in the ISR group had significantly higher serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）, triglyceride （TG） and uric acid （UA） levels, more numbers of target vessel lesions, higher prevalence of multi-vessel disease, higher SYNTAX score, higher rate of previous but lower rate of drinking compared with patients in the non-ISR group. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after DES implantation included VLDL-C （HR = 1.85, 95% CI： 1.24-2.77, P = 0.002）, UA （per 50 μmol/L increments, HR = 1.19, 95% CI： 1.05 1.34, P = 0.006）, SYNTAX score （per 5 increments, HR = 1.34, 95% CI： 1.03-1.74, P = 0.031） and the history ofPCI （HR = 3.43, 95% CI： 1.57-7.80, P = 0.003） by the multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The increased serum VLDL-C and UA level, higher SYNTAX score and the history of previous PCI were independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after coronary DES implantation. It provided new evidence for physi- cians to take measures to lower the risk oflSR for the better management of diabetic patients after PCI.展开更多
Objective To evaluate islet β cell response to intravenous glucagon （ a non-glucose secretagogue） stimulation in diabetes mellitus. Methods Nineteen patients with type 1 diabetes （T1 D） and 131 patients with typ...Objective To evaluate islet β cell response to intravenous glucagon （ a non-glucose secretagogue） stimulation in diabetes mellitus. Methods Nineteen patients with type 1 diabetes （T1 D） and 131 patients with type 2 diabetes （T2D） were recruited in this study. T2D patients were divided into two groups according to therapy： 36 cases treated with insulin and 95 cases treated with diet or oral therapy. The serum C-peptide levels were determined at fasting and six minutes after intra- venous injection of 1 mg of ghicagon. Results Both fasting and 6-minute post-ghicagon-stimulated C-peptide levels in T1D patients were significantly lower than those of T2D patients （0. 76±0. 36 ng/mL vs. 1.81±0. 78 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ; 0.88±0.42 ng/mL vs. 3.68±0. 98 ng/mL, P 〈 0. 05 ）. In T1D patients, the C-peptide level after injection of ghicagon was similar to the fasting level. In T2D, patients treated with diet or oral drug had a significantly greater fasting and stimulated C-peptide level than those patients received insulin therapy （2.45±0. 93 ng/mL vs. 1.61±0. 68 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ; 5.26±1.24 ng/mL vs. 2.15±0.76 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ）. The serum C-peptide level after ghicagon stimulation was positively correlated with C-peptide levels at fasting in all three groups （ r = 0.76, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The 6-minute ghicagon test is valuable in assessing the function of islet β cell in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） in the Chinese Han population. Method One hundred and thirty-six Chinese ...Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） in the Chinese Han population. Method One hundred and thirty-six Chinese Han people, including 54 T1DM patients and 82 unrelated healthy subjects as control were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for three restriction sites in the VDR gene, which were ApaI, TaqI, and BamL Results The frequency of B allele of BsmI site in VDR gene was significantly higher in T1DM patients than in healthy subjects （ P = 0. 033 ） while no difference was found between the two groups in the distribution of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. Conclusion The BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene may be associated with the susceptibihty to T1DM in the Chinese Han population of Beijing.展开更多
Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） cont...Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） contributed to the development of prothrombofic state. The pre- sent study aims to explore the relationship between plasma level of PCSK9 and that of TF in patient with coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods From July 2013 to March 2014, we enrolled 197 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in this study. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 197 patients （1B 1 male and 66 female, mean age 56.9 ± 11.8 years）, 81 had angiographically diagnosed CAD. Clinical data were collected. Plasma PCSK9 and TF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Levels of plasma PCSK9 and TF were compared and their correlation analyzed among different patient groups. Results Both plasma levels of PCSK9 （279.8 ± 60.4μg/L vs. 216.5 ± 45.3μg/L, P 〈 0.01） and TF （156.4 ± 26.6 μg/mL vs. 112.1 ± 38.3 μg/L, P 〈 0.01） were significantly higher in patients with CAD, as compared with those with- out CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated with that of TF in both patients with and without CAD. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was significant positive correlation between plasma levels of PCSK9 and TF （β = 0.353, P 〈 0.01）. Coneluslons The plasma level of PCSK9 is independently and positively associated with that of TF in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, but not in those without diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to investigate the underlying mechanism.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the contractive activity of the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle and somatostatin （SS）, vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）, motilin （MTL）, and substan...Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the contractive activity of the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle and somatostatin （SS）, vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）, motilin （MTL）, and substance P （SP） in plasma and isolated gastric antrum tissue of diabetes mellitus （DM） rat models. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups： control group （n = 10）, DM group （n = 10）, and erythromycin group （DM models with erythromycin treatment, n = 10）. A single dose of streptozotocin （100 mg/kg, dissolved in 0. I mol/L citric acid buffer, pH4.5） was injected intraperitoneally. After 48 to 72 hours, rats with blood glucose above 16.7 mmol/L and urine glucose level to be （＋＋＋ ） to （＋＋＋＋） over one week were considered successful DM models. The resting tension, mean contractile amplitude and fi＇equency of spontaneous change in isolated longitudinal and circular gastric antrum smooth muscle strips were measured. SS, VIP, MTL, and SP levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results （1） In the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle strips, the gastric motility parameters were lower in DM group than those in control group except circular smooth muscle contractile amplitude and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile fi＇equency. The gastric motility parameters were significantly strengthened in erythromycin group, compared with DM group except longitudinal smooth muscle resting tension （P 〈 0.01 ）. （2） Plasma SS, VIP, and MTL concentrations in DM group were higher than those in control （P 〈 0.05）, while the SP level decreased （P 〈 0.05）. In the gastric antrum, SS of DM group was significantly higher than that of control group （P 〈 0.01 ）, while SP and MTL levels were lower than those of control group （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. However, the level of VIP in gastric antrum tissue did not change among three groups. The plasma level of SS in erythromycin group was higher than that of DM group （P 〈 0.05）. （3） The blood glucose was lower in erythromycin group than DM group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Erythromycin has direct effects on contractive activity of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats, but there are few effects on neuroendocrine peptides. Gastric-motility disorders in diabetic rats have a correlation with the changes of neuroendocrine peptide levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue.展开更多
Background The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus(DM)in elderly patients with myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock(MI-CS)remains controversial.Little information exists about the impact of intensive cardi...Background The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus(DM)in elderly patients with myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock(MI-CS)remains controversial.Little information exists about the impact of intensive cardiac care unit(ICCU)and revascularization on outcomes of elderly patients with MI-CS.We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of DM according to age in patients with MI-CS,and to analyze the impact ICCU management and revascularization on in-hospital mortality in MI-CS patients at older ages.Methods Discharge episodes with diagnosis of CS associated with MI were selected from the Spanish National Health System’s Basic Data Set.Centers were classified according to their availability of ICCU.Main outcome measured was in-hospital mortality.Results A total of 23,590 episodes of MI-CS were identified,of whom 12,447(52.8%)were in patients aged≥75 years.The impact of DM on in-hospital mortality was different among age subgroups.While in younger patients,DM was associated to a higher mortality risk(0.52 vs.0.47,OR=1.12,95%CI:1.06–1.18,χ^2<0.001),this association became non-significant in older patients(0.76 vs.0.81,χ^2=0.09).Adjusted mortality rate of MI-CS aged≥75 years was lower in patients admitted to hospitals with ICCU(adjusted mortality rate:74.2%vs.77.7%,P<0.001)and in patients undergoing revascularization(74.9%vs.77.3%,P<0.001).Conclusions Prognostic impact of DM in patients with MI-CS was different according to age,with a significantly lower impact at older ages.The availability of ICCU and revascularization were associated with better outcomes in these complex patients.展开更多
Diabetes has become a global concern at present,among which type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)accounts for approximately 90%-95%of patients.T2DM is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome that results from a genetic defect,...Diabetes has become a global concern at present,among which type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)accounts for approximately 90%-95%of patients.T2DM is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome that results from a genetic defect,and it is based on insulin resistance and an insulin secretion disorder.The occurrence of T2DM is usually the outcome of both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions.The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes have not been fully elucidated,and no radical therapeutic cure has been found.Patients with T2DM suffer from complications such as the development of a chronic hyperglycemic condition and even serious metabolic disorders and organ damage in the body and depression and dementia,in addition to other chronic complications.Many studies have suggested that diet is crucial in the development of diabetes and the control of blood glucose.Natural substances have the characteristics of low toxicity and few side effects and may be key to the development of diabetic health products and preventive treatments.This paper reviews the etiology,pathogenesis,risks,treatments and diets related to T2DM to summarize the types of recently available natural products,from both local and foreign sources,for lowering blood glucose at home and their application in supplementary hypoglycemic foods.The key findings and conclusions suggest that there are various known T2DM-inducing factors,including genetic and environmental factors and three types of hybrid factors.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral cortical thickness changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） using a whole brain cortical thickness mapping system based on brain magnetic resonance i...Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral cortical thickness changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） using a whole brain cortical thickness mapping system based on brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Methods High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MR images were obtained from 16 patients with T2DM, as well as from 16 normal controls. The whole brain cortical thickness maps were generated, and the cortical thickness of each brain region was calculated according to gyral based regions of interest （ROI） using an automated labeling system by the Freesurfer software. We compared mean cortical thickness at each brain region by the analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. The regional difference of the cortical thickness over the whole brain was compared by the analysis of surface-based cortical thickness. Results Mean cortical thicknesses analysis showed bilateral cerebrum in the patients with T2DM （left： 2.52±0.07 mm; right： 2.51±0.08 mm） were significant thinner than those in the normal controls （left： 2.56±0.09 mm; right： 2.56±0.09 mm） （both P〈0.05）. Regional cortical thinning in T2DM was demonstrated in the paracentral lobule, postcentral gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus, compared to the normal controls. The cortical thickness of left middle cingulate and right inferior temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with the disease course. Conclusion A widespread cortical thinning was revealed in patients with T2DM by the analysis of brain cortical thickness on MR. Our finding supports the idea that T2DM could lead to subtle diabetic brain structural changes.展开更多
Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the as...Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution andT2DM in developing countries.Methods The databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science,were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022.Studies about the association between air pollution andT2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included.The odds ratio(OR)was used as effect estimate.We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies,all conducted in developing countries.Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter)showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM_(2.5)exposure(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.07,1.17;P<0.001).The association between air pollutants andT2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.Conclusions The exposure to PM_(2.5)would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries.Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hyperglycemia has been detected in many critically ill patients in the department of emergency medicine.But its mechanism and prognosis have not been well elucidated.In this study,we measured the serum leve...BACKGROUND:Hyperglycemia has been detected in many critically ill patients in the department of emergency medicine.But its mechanism and prognosis have not been well elucidated.In this study,we measured the serum level of glycated hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c) in critically ill patients to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on the prognosis of the patients.METHODS:A total of 826 critically ill patients,who had been treated at the Department of Emergency Medicine of Chaoyang Hospital during October 2006 and November 2007,were divided into a diabetes mellitus group(n=184) and a non-diabetes mellitus group(642) according to whether they had diabetes mellitus.Fasting glucose and HbA1 c were measured in all patients.Those in the diabetes mellitus group were further assigned to a drug therapy subgroup and a non-drug therapy subgroup;the serum level of HbA1 c and its relationship with short-term outcome were evaluated.RESULTS:Fasting glucose increased in 78.8% of the patients(88.6%in the diabetes mellitus group,and 75.9%in the non-diabetes mellitus group,P<0.05),and HbA1 c was elevated in 45.5% of the patients(78.3% in the diabetes mellitus group,and 36.1%in the non-diabetes mellitus group,P<0.01).Fasting glucose,HbA1 c and 28-day mortality were improved more significantly(P<0.01) in the drug therapy subgroup than in the non-drug therapy subgroup.The 28-day mortality was more significantly different in patients with fasting blood glucose >8.33 mmol/L than in those with fasting blood glucose <8.33 mmol/L.CONCLUSIONS:Hyperglycemia of critically ill patients could not totally attribute to stress response,especially in those who have no history of diabetes mellitus.Prognosis of hyperglycemia may vary among critically ill patients.展开更多
Nuciferine contained in lotus leaves have been confirmed to have the effect of ameliorating hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia.A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to track the translocation of glucose transporte...Nuciferine contained in lotus leaves have been confirmed to have the effect of ameliorating hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia.A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to track the translocation of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)in L6 cells and the changes in intracellular Ca^(2+)levels in real time,and related protease inhibitors combined with western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of nuciferine.Meanwhile,KK-Ay mice,the spontaneous type 2 diabetic mice,were used to evaluate the in vivo activity of nuciferine.In this study,the in vitro studies indicated that nuciferine-induced GLUT4 translocation was regulated by G protein-PLC-PKC and AMPK pathways and nuciferine-enhanced intracellular Ca^(2+)was mediated by G protein-PLC-IP3-IP3R pathway,the increase in intracellular Ca^(2+)caused by nuciferine was not directly related to GLUT4 translocation,but both promote glucose uptake.The in vivo results suggested that nuciferine ameliorated weight gain induced by high-fat diet,abnormal lipid metabolism and the symptoms of insulin resistance in KK-Ay diabetic mice.Western blot results suggested that nuciferine increased AMPK and PKC phosphorylation levels in skeletal muscle and liver,and enhanced GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle.Taken together,this research showed that nuciferine has the non-negligible potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its signaling pathway spontaneous response in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) mice to surgery-induced hind-limb ischemia.Methods Sixty mice were ran...Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its signaling pathway spontaneous response in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) mice to surgery-induced hind-limb ischemia.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups,one was fed with normal chow as control,and another was fed with high fat diet to induce T2DM.Fourteen weeks later,mice were surgically induced to hind-limb ischemia.Blood flow restoration was monitored with laser Doppler perfusion imaging.Tibialis anterior muscle was collected after 3 days of hind-limb ischemia.VEGF mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA;expressions of VEGF downstream signal molecules and receptors were analyzed using Western blotting and RT-PCR,respectively.Results Perfusion recovery 10,20,30 days after ischemia was significantly attenuated in T2DM compared with control group(P<0.05).T2DM impaired VEGF signaling pathway although VEGF levels increased in T2DM group.After ischemia,T2DM group had a comparable increase in VEGF expression compared with control group,but still had an impaired VEGF signaling pathway.Conclusion VEGF signaling pathway is abnormal in T2DM mice,although VEGF had a response to the ischemic stimulation.展开更多
Objective To explore the candidate genes that play significant roles in the interconnection between abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods We used the Biomedical Discovery Support Syste...Objective To explore the candidate genes that play significant roles in the interconnection between abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods We used the Biomedical Discovery Support System(BITOLA)to screen out the candidate intermediate molecular(CIM)"Gene or Gene Product”that are related to AAA and DM.The dataset of GSE13760,GSE7084,GSE57691,GSE47472 were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of AAA and DM compared to the healthy status.We used the online tool ofVenny 2.1 assisted by manual checking to identify the overlapped DEGs with the CIMs.The Human eFP Browser was applied to examine the tissue specific expression levels of the detected genes in order to recognize strong expressed genes in both human artery and pancreatic tissue.Results There were 86 CIMs suggested by the closed BITOLA system.Among all the DEGs of AAA and DM,8 genes in GSE7084(ISG20,ITGAX,DSTN,CCL5,CCR5,AGTR1,CD19,CD44)and 2 genes in GSE 13760(PSMD12,FAS)were found to be overlapped with the 86 CIMs.By manual checking and comparing with tissuespecific gene data through Human eFP Browser,the gene PSMD12(proteasome 26S subunit,non-ATPase 12)was recognized to be strongly expressed in both the aorta and pancreatic tissue.Conclusion We proposed a hypothesis through text mining that PSMD12 might be involved or potentially involved in the interconnection between AAA and DM,which may provide a new clue for studies on novel therapeutic strategies for the two diseases.展开更多
There are few population-based data in investigating the impact of diabetes on chemotherapy adverse effects and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diab...There are few population-based data in investigating the impact of diabetes on chemotherapy adverse effects and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diabetes affects the patterns of use in chemotherapy, toxic effects of chemotherapy, and treatment outcomes for non-metastatic breast cancer in Taiwan. The study results can provide physicians for making a decision whether or not to use chemotherapy based on the individual patients＇ condition.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is an increasing health problem worldwide.With the increased prevalence,the diabetes-related complications,including neuropathy,retinopathy,nephropathy as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular d...Diabetes mellitus is an increasing health problem worldwide.With the increased prevalence,the diabetes-related complications,including neuropathy,retinopathy,nephropathy as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,become much more common,and has gradually increased the burden on the individuals and healthcare systems.For the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the prevention and management measures mainly include glucose control and lifestyle interventions.It has been confirmed that lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as pharmacological interventions in people with impaired glucose tolerance.Therefore,interventions to lifestyle are very important for preventing diabetes mellitus.In this article,the prevention measures of diabetes mellitus were analyzed and summarized through lifestyle interventions,mainly in the aspects of daily diet and exercise management.展开更多
文摘To assess the role of hypertension and family history of hypertensio n in the development of nephropathy in patients with non insulin dependent dia betes mellitus (NIDDM).Methods. A retrospective analysis was done on 2 groups of NIDDM patients, one g roup without proteinuria (urine protein< 300mg/24h, n=106) and the other group w ith proteinuria (urine protein≥500mg/24h, n=106). The 2 groups were matched by age(≤±3yrs), sex, ethnic and resident place. Some information of these subject s including demographic; history of disease, family history of diseases, lifesty le and behavior style variables was obtained by questionnaire; some variables w ere measured, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), quantity of protein in 24h urine. Then condi tional logistic regression analysis was performed.Results. Some factors, including history of hypertension, longer duration of hy pertension, higher levels of the past highest SBP and DBP, were independently as sociated with the occurrence risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Their correspond ing odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 2.00(1.17～3.43), 1 .25(1.08～1.46), 1.38(1.15～1.66), and 1.33(1.09～1.62) respectively, but family history of hypertension was not significantly associated with the development o f DN. When the above mentioned relations were respectively adjusted by some pos sible confounding factors, they still existed.Conclusions. History of hypertension, longer duration of hypertension, higher l evels of the past highest SBP and DBP are independent risk factors for DN in Chi nese NIDDM patients.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8217350881973027)Beijing Highlevel Public Health Technical Personnel Training Program(No.2022-3-032)。
文摘Recent studies indicated that vitamin A(VA)might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between circulating VA level and T2DM.A total of 1818 subjects aged 50 years old and above were recruited from the community.Binomial logistic regression and restricted cubic spline(RCS)were applied to analyze the association of plasma VA level with the risk of T2DM.Serum VA and lipid-adjusted VA levels of T2DM patients were significantly higher than that of non-T2DM subjects(P<0.05).The ratios of plasma VA/total cholesterol(TC),VA/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c)and VA/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c)were positively associated with the risk of T2DM in the aging population(P<0.05).Compared with the Q1 level,subjects with Q2 to Q3 levels of plasma VA/triglyceride(TG)have decreased risk of T2DM(odds ratio(OR)Q2=0.68,P_(Q2)=0.021;ORQ3=0.59,P_(Q3)<0.01).Our results indicated that the imbalance of circulating lipids and VA might affect the relationship between VA and T2DM.The middle and aging subjects with higher ratios of plasma VA/TC,VA/HDL-c,and VA/LDL-c displayed increased risk for T2DM,but the moderate ratio of VA/TG might protect against risk of T2DM.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2501800)Leader Project of Henan Province Health Young and Middle-aged Professor(HNSWJW2020013).
文摘BACKGROUND:Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)are vulnerable to community-acquired pneumonia(CAP),which have a high mortality rate.We aimed to investigate the value of heparin-binding protein(HBP)as a prognostic marker of mortality in patients with DM and CAP.METHODS:This retrospective study included CAP patients who were tested for HBP at intensive care unit(ICU)admission from January 2019 to April 2020.Patients were allocated to the DM or non-DM group and paired with propensity score matching.Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes up to 90 days were evaluated.The primary outcome was the 10-day mortality.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,Kaplan-Meier analysis,and Cox regression were used for statistical analysis.RESULTS:Among 152 enrolled patients,60 pairs were successfully matched.There was no significant difference in 10-day mortality,while more patients in the DM group died within 28 d(P=0.024)and 90 d(P=0.008).In the DM group,HBP levels at ICU admission were higher in 10-day non-survivors than in 10-day survivors(median 182.21[IQR:55.43-300]ng/ml vs.median 66.40[IQR:34.13-107.85]ng/mL,P=0.019),and HBP levels could predict the 10-day mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.747.The cut-off value,sensitivity,and specificity were 160.6 ng/mL,66.7%,and 90.2%,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that HBP was an independent prognostic factor for 10-day(HR 7.196,95%CI:1.596-32.455,P=0.01),28-day(HR 4.381,95%CI:1.449-13.245,P=0.009),and 90-day mortality(HR 4.581,95%CI:1.637-12.819,P=0.004)in patients with DM.CONCLUSION:Plasma HBP at ICU admission was associated with the 10-day,28-day,and 90-day mortality,and might be a prognostic factor in patients with DM and CAP.
基金supported by the “Thirteenth Five Year” National Science and Technology Plan Project of China (2018YFC1603703,2018YFC1604302)National Natural Science Foundation of China (2013BAD18B03)+1 种基金Shenyang Technological Innovation Project (Y170-028)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Project (XLYC1902083)
文摘This study investigated the effects of a xylitol-casein non-covalent complex(XC)on parameters related to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),in addition to related changes in gut microbiome composition and functions.High-fat-diet(HFD)+streptozotocin(STZ)-induced T2DM mice were treated with xylitol(XY),casein(CN),and XC,after which fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota composition and diversity analyses based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and multivariate statistics.XC decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity,pancreas impairment,blood lipid levels,and liver function in T2DM mice compared to XY-and CN-treated mice.Furthermore,XC modulated theα-diversity,β-diversity and gut microbiota composition.Based on Spearman’s correlation analysis,the relative abundances of Alistipes,Bacteroides,and Faecalibaculum were positively correlated and those of Akkermansia,Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,and Turicibacter were negatively correlated with the phenotypes related to the improvement of T2DM.In conclusion,we found that XC alleviated insulin resistance by restoring the gut microbiota of T2DM mice.Our results provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of XC on T2DM and motivation for further investigation in animal models and,eventually,human trials.
文摘Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） had become the major therapeutic procedure for coronary artery disease （CAD）, but the high rate of in-stent restenosis （ISR） still remained an unsolved clinical problem in clinical practice. Increasing evidences suggested that diabetes mellitus （DM） was a major risk factor for ISR, but the risk predictors of ISR in CAD patients with DM had not been well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristic predictors significantly associated with the occurrence of ISR in diabetic patients following coronary stenting with drug-eluting stent （DES）. Methods A total of 920 patients with diabetes who diagnosed CAD and underwent coronary DES implantation at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in China were consecutively enrolled from January 2012 to December 2012. Of these, 440 patients underwent the second angiography within ≥ 6 months due to the progression of treated target lesions. Finally, 368 of these patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up by angiography after baseline PCI. According to whether ISR was detected at follow-up angiography, patients were divided into the ISR group （n = 74） and the non-ISR group （n = 294）. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM were explored by multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression models. Results A total of 368 patients （260 women and 108 men） with a mean ages of 58.71 ± 10.25 years were finally enrolled in this study. Of these, ISR occurred in 74/368 diabetic patients （20.11%） by follow-up angiography. Univariate analysis showed that most baseline characteristics of the ISR and non-ISR group were similar. Patients in the ISR group had significantly higher serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol （VLDL-C）, triglyceride （TG） and uric acid （UA） levels, more numbers of target vessel lesions, higher prevalence of multi-vessel disease, higher SYNTAX score, higher rate of previous but lower rate of drinking compared with patients in the non-ISR group. The independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after DES implantation included VLDL-C （HR = 1.85, 95% CI： 1.24-2.77, P = 0.002）, UA （per 50 μmol/L increments, HR = 1.19, 95% CI： 1.05 1.34, P = 0.006）, SYNTAX score （per 5 increments, HR = 1.34, 95% CI： 1.03-1.74, P = 0.031） and the history ofPCI （HR = 3.43, 95% CI： 1.57-7.80, P = 0.003） by the multivariate Cox＇s proportional hazards regression analysis. Conclusions The increased serum VLDL-C and UA level, higher SYNTAX score and the history of previous PCI were independent predictors of ISR in patients with DM after coronary DES implantation. It provided new evidence for physi- cians to take measures to lower the risk oflSR for the better management of diabetic patients after PCI.
文摘Objective To evaluate islet β cell response to intravenous glucagon （ a non-glucose secretagogue） stimulation in diabetes mellitus. Methods Nineteen patients with type 1 diabetes （T1 D） and 131 patients with type 2 diabetes （T2D） were recruited in this study. T2D patients were divided into two groups according to therapy： 36 cases treated with insulin and 95 cases treated with diet or oral therapy. The serum C-peptide levels were determined at fasting and six minutes after intra- venous injection of 1 mg of ghicagon. Results Both fasting and 6-minute post-ghicagon-stimulated C-peptide levels in T1D patients were significantly lower than those of T2D patients （0. 76±0. 36 ng/mL vs. 1.81±0. 78 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ; 0.88±0.42 ng/mL vs. 3.68±0. 98 ng/mL, P 〈 0. 05 ）. In T1D patients, the C-peptide level after injection of ghicagon was similar to the fasting level. In T2D, patients treated with diet or oral drug had a significantly greater fasting and stimulated C-peptide level than those patients received insulin therapy （2.45±0. 93 ng/mL vs. 1.61±0. 68 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ; 5.26±1.24 ng/mL vs. 2.15±0.76 ng/mL, P 〈 0.05 ）. The serum C-peptide level after ghicagon stimulation was positively correlated with C-peptide levels at fasting in all three groups （ r = 0.76, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The 6-minute ghicagon test is valuable in assessing the function of islet β cell in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is helpful for diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.
文摘Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D receptor （VDR） gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus （T1DM） in the Chinese Han population. Method One hundred and thirty-six Chinese Han people, including 54 T1DM patients and 82 unrelated healthy subjects as control were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for three restriction sites in the VDR gene, which were ApaI, TaqI, and BamL Results The frequency of B allele of BsmI site in VDR gene was significantly higher in T1DM patients than in healthy subjects （ P = 0. 033 ） while no difference was found between the two groups in the distribution of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. Conclusion The BsmI polymorphism of VDR gene may be associated with the susceptibihty to T1DM in the Chinese Han population of Beijing.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No.81270380）.
文摘Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） contributed to the development of prothrombofic state. The pre- sent study aims to explore the relationship between plasma level of PCSK9 and that of TF in patient with coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods From July 2013 to March 2014, we enrolled 197 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in this study. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 197 patients （1B 1 male and 66 female, mean age 56.9 ± 11.8 years）, 81 had angiographically diagnosed CAD. Clinical data were collected. Plasma PCSK9 and TF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Levels of plasma PCSK9 and TF were compared and their correlation analyzed among different patient groups. Results Both plasma levels of PCSK9 （279.8 ± 60.4μg/L vs. 216.5 ± 45.3μg/L, P 〈 0.01） and TF （156.4 ± 26.6 μg/mL vs. 112.1 ± 38.3 μg/L, P 〈 0.01） were significantly higher in patients with CAD, as compared with those with- out CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated with that of TF in both patients with and without CAD. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was significant positive correlation between plasma levels of PCSK9 and TF （β = 0.353, P 〈 0.01）. Coneluslons The plasma level of PCSK9 is independently and positively associated with that of TF in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, but not in those without diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to investigate the underlying mechanism.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BS99037 ).
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of erythromycin on the contractive activity of the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle and somatostatin （SS）, vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）, motilin （MTL）, and substance P （SP） in plasma and isolated gastric antrum tissue of diabetes mellitus （DM） rat models. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups： control group （n = 10）, DM group （n = 10）, and erythromycin group （DM models with erythromycin treatment, n = 10）. A single dose of streptozotocin （100 mg/kg, dissolved in 0. I mol/L citric acid buffer, pH4.5） was injected intraperitoneally. After 48 to 72 hours, rats with blood glucose above 16.7 mmol/L and urine glucose level to be （＋＋＋ ） to （＋＋＋＋） over one week were considered successful DM models. The resting tension, mean contractile amplitude and fi＇equency of spontaneous change in isolated longitudinal and circular gastric antrum smooth muscle strips were measured. SS, VIP, MTL, and SP levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results （1） In the isolated gastric antrum smooth muscle strips, the gastric motility parameters were lower in DM group than those in control group except circular smooth muscle contractile amplitude and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile fi＇equency. The gastric motility parameters were significantly strengthened in erythromycin group, compared with DM group except longitudinal smooth muscle resting tension （P 〈 0.01 ）. （2） Plasma SS, VIP, and MTL concentrations in DM group were higher than those in control （P 〈 0.05）, while the SP level decreased （P 〈 0.05）. In the gastric antrum, SS of DM group was significantly higher than that of control group （P 〈 0.01 ）, while SP and MTL levels were lower than those of control group （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. However, the level of VIP in gastric antrum tissue did not change among three groups. The plasma level of SS in erythromycin group was higher than that of DM group （P 〈 0.05）. （3） The blood glucose was lower in erythromycin group than DM group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Erythromycin has direct effects on contractive activity of gastric smooth muscle in diabetic rats, but there are few effects on neuroendocrine peptides. Gastric-motility disorders in diabetic rats have a correlation with the changes of neuroendocrine peptide levels in plasma and gastric antrum tissue.
基金the Fundación Interhospitalaria para la Investigación Cardiovascular and Laboratorios Menarini S.L.(RECALCAR Project).All authors had no conflicts of interest to disclose.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Health,Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare for the help provided to the Spanish Society of Cardiology to develop the RECALCAR study,with special gratitude to the General Directorate of Public Health,Quality,and Innovation.
文摘Background The prognostic role of diabetes mellitus(DM)in elderly patients with myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock(MI-CS)remains controversial.Little information exists about the impact of intensive cardiac care unit(ICCU)and revascularization on outcomes of elderly patients with MI-CS.We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of DM according to age in patients with MI-CS,and to analyze the impact ICCU management and revascularization on in-hospital mortality in MI-CS patients at older ages.Methods Discharge episodes with diagnosis of CS associated with MI were selected from the Spanish National Health System’s Basic Data Set.Centers were classified according to their availability of ICCU.Main outcome measured was in-hospital mortality.Results A total of 23,590 episodes of MI-CS were identified,of whom 12,447(52.8%)were in patients aged≥75 years.The impact of DM on in-hospital mortality was different among age subgroups.While in younger patients,DM was associated to a higher mortality risk(0.52 vs.0.47,OR=1.12,95%CI:1.06–1.18,χ^2<0.001),this association became non-significant in older patients(0.76 vs.0.81,χ^2=0.09).Adjusted mortality rate of MI-CS aged≥75 years was lower in patients admitted to hospitals with ICCU(adjusted mortality rate:74.2%vs.77.7%,P<0.001)and in patients undergoing revascularization(74.9%vs.77.3%,P<0.001).Conclusions Prognostic impact of DM in patients with MI-CS was different according to age,with a significantly lower impact at older ages.The availability of ICCU and revascularization were associated with better outcomes in these complex patients.
基金supported by the Educational Department o f Liaoning Province(LQN201713)Liaoning University(LDQN2019017)+1 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department(2020-bs-080)the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST 109-2221-E-005-012)。
文摘Diabetes has become a global concern at present,among which type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)accounts for approximately 90%-95%of patients.T2DM is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome that results from a genetic defect,and it is based on insulin resistance and an insulin secretion disorder.The occurrence of T2DM is usually the outcome of both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions.The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes have not been fully elucidated,and no radical therapeutic cure has been found.Patients with T2DM suffer from complications such as the development of a chronic hyperglycemic condition and even serious metabolic disorders and organ damage in the body and depression and dementia,in addition to other chronic complications.Many studies have suggested that diet is crucial in the development of diabetes and the control of blood glucose.Natural substances have the characteristics of low toxicity and few side effects and may be key to the development of diabetic health products and preventive treatments.This paper reviews the etiology,pathogenesis,risks,treatments and diets related to T2DM to summarize the types of recently available natural products,from both local and foreign sources,for lowering blood glucose at home and their application in supplementary hypoglycemic foods.The key findings and conclusions suggest that there are various known T2DM-inducing factors,including genetic and environmental factors and three types of hybrid factors.
基金Supported by the Foundation for Medical and Health Sci&Tech innovation Project of Sanya(2016YW37)the Special Financial Grant from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014T70960)
文摘Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the cerebral cortical thickness changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） using a whole brain cortical thickness mapping system based on brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. Methods High resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo MR images were obtained from 16 patients with T2DM, as well as from 16 normal controls. The whole brain cortical thickness maps were generated, and the cortical thickness of each brain region was calculated according to gyral based regions of interest （ROI） using an automated labeling system by the Freesurfer software. We compared mean cortical thickness at each brain region by the analysis of covariance with age and sex as covariates. The regional difference of the cortical thickness over the whole brain was compared by the analysis of surface-based cortical thickness. Results Mean cortical thicknesses analysis showed bilateral cerebrum in the patients with T2DM （left： 2.52±0.07 mm; right： 2.51±0.08 mm） were significant thinner than those in the normal controls （left： 2.56±0.09 mm; right： 2.56±0.09 mm） （both P〈0.05）. Regional cortical thinning in T2DM was demonstrated in the paracentral lobule, postcentral gyrus, lateral occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus, compared to the normal controls. The cortical thickness of left middle cingulate and right inferior temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with the disease course. Conclusion A widespread cortical thinning was revealed in patients with T2DM by the analysis of brain cortical thickness on MR. Our finding supports the idea that T2DM could lead to subtle diabetic brain structural changes.
文摘Objective In recent years,many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).The aim of this systematic review and meta・analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution andT2DM in developing countries.Methods The databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Web of Science,were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022.Studies about the association between air pollution andT2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included.The odds ratio(OR)was used as effect estimate.We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.Results We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies,all conducted in developing countries.Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM_(2.5)(particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter)showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM_(2.5)exposure(OR=1.12;95%CI:1.07,1.17;P<0.001).The association between air pollutants andT2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.Conclusions The exposure to PM_(2.5)would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries.Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.
文摘BACKGROUND:Hyperglycemia has been detected in many critically ill patients in the department of emergency medicine.But its mechanism and prognosis have not been well elucidated.In this study,we measured the serum level of glycated hemoglobin A1C(HbA1c) in critically ill patients to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on the prognosis of the patients.METHODS:A total of 826 critically ill patients,who had been treated at the Department of Emergency Medicine of Chaoyang Hospital during October 2006 and November 2007,were divided into a diabetes mellitus group(n=184) and a non-diabetes mellitus group(642) according to whether they had diabetes mellitus.Fasting glucose and HbA1 c were measured in all patients.Those in the diabetes mellitus group were further assigned to a drug therapy subgroup and a non-drug therapy subgroup;the serum level of HbA1 c and its relationship with short-term outcome were evaluated.RESULTS:Fasting glucose increased in 78.8% of the patients(88.6%in the diabetes mellitus group,and 75.9%in the non-diabetes mellitus group,P<0.05),and HbA1 c was elevated in 45.5% of the patients(78.3% in the diabetes mellitus group,and 36.1%in the non-diabetes mellitus group,P<0.01).Fasting glucose,HbA1 c and 28-day mortality were improved more significantly(P<0.01) in the drug therapy subgroup than in the non-drug therapy subgroup.The 28-day mortality was more significantly different in patients with fasting blood glucose >8.33 mmol/L than in those with fasting blood glucose <8.33 mmol/L.CONCLUSIONS:Hyperglycemia of critically ill patients could not totally attribute to stress response,especially in those who have no history of diabetes mellitus.Prognosis of hyperglycemia may vary among critically ill patients.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(81573561,81911540487,31070744)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,South-Central University for Nationalities(CZR18003).
文摘Nuciferine contained in lotus leaves have been confirmed to have the effect of ameliorating hyperlipemia and hyperglycemia.A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to track the translocation of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)in L6 cells and the changes in intracellular Ca^(2+)levels in real time,and related protease inhibitors combined with western blotting were used to explore the mechanism of nuciferine.Meanwhile,KK-Ay mice,the spontaneous type 2 diabetic mice,were used to evaluate the in vivo activity of nuciferine.In this study,the in vitro studies indicated that nuciferine-induced GLUT4 translocation was regulated by G protein-PLC-PKC and AMPK pathways and nuciferine-enhanced intracellular Ca^(2+)was mediated by G protein-PLC-IP3-IP3R pathway,the increase in intracellular Ca^(2+)caused by nuciferine was not directly related to GLUT4 translocation,but both promote glucose uptake.The in vivo results suggested that nuciferine ameliorated weight gain induced by high-fat diet,abnormal lipid metabolism and the symptoms of insulin resistance in KK-Ay diabetic mice.Western blot results suggested that nuciferine increased AMPK and PKC phosphorylation levels in skeletal muscle and liver,and enhanced GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle.Taken together,this research showed that nuciferine has the non-negligible potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金Supported by Capital Science Development Foundation (2003-3010)
文摘Objective To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and its signaling pathway spontaneous response in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) mice to surgery-induced hind-limb ischemia.Methods Sixty mice were randomly divided into two groups,one was fed with normal chow as control,and another was fed with high fat diet to induce T2DM.Fourteen weeks later,mice were surgically induced to hind-limb ischemia.Blood flow restoration was monitored with laser Doppler perfusion imaging.Tibialis anterior muscle was collected after 3 days of hind-limb ischemia.VEGF mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed using real-time PCR and ELISA;expressions of VEGF downstream signal molecules and receptors were analyzed using Western blotting and RT-PCR,respectively.Results Perfusion recovery 10,20,30 days after ischemia was significantly attenuated in T2DM compared with control group(P<0.05).T2DM impaired VEGF signaling pathway although VEGF levels increased in T2DM group.After ischemia,T2DM group had a comparable increase in VEGF expression compared with control group,but still had an impaired VEGF signaling pathway.Conclusion VEGF signaling pathway is abnormal in T2DM mice,although VEGF had a response to the ischemic stimulation.
文摘Objective To explore the candidate genes that play significant roles in the interconnection between abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods We used the Biomedical Discovery Support System(BITOLA)to screen out the candidate intermediate molecular(CIM)"Gene or Gene Product”that are related to AAA and DM.The dataset of GSE13760,GSE7084,GSE57691,GSE47472 were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of AAA and DM compared to the healthy status.We used the online tool ofVenny 2.1 assisted by manual checking to identify the overlapped DEGs with the CIMs.The Human eFP Browser was applied to examine the tissue specific expression levels of the detected genes in order to recognize strong expressed genes in both human artery and pancreatic tissue.Results There were 86 CIMs suggested by the closed BITOLA system.Among all the DEGs of AAA and DM,8 genes in GSE7084(ISG20,ITGAX,DSTN,CCL5,CCR5,AGTR1,CD19,CD44)and 2 genes in GSE 13760(PSMD12,FAS)were found to be overlapped with the 86 CIMs.By manual checking and comparing with tissuespecific gene data through Human eFP Browser,the gene PSMD12(proteasome 26S subunit,non-ATPase 12)was recognized to be strongly expressed in both the aorta and pancreatic tissue.Conclusion We proposed a hypothesis through text mining that PSMD12 might be involved or potentially involved in the interconnection between AAA and DM,which may provide a new clue for studies on novel therapeutic strategies for the two diseases.
基金supported by the MST of Taiwan under Grant No.101-2221-E-008-125-MY3
文摘There are few population-based data in investigating the impact of diabetes on chemotherapy adverse effects and treatment outcomes of non-metastatic breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether diabetes affects the patterns of use in chemotherapy, toxic effects of chemotherapy, and treatment outcomes for non-metastatic breast cancer in Taiwan. The study results can provide physicians for making a decision whether or not to use chemotherapy based on the individual patients＇ condition.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is an increasing health problem worldwide.With the increased prevalence,the diabetes-related complications,including neuropathy,retinopathy,nephropathy as well as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,become much more common,and has gradually increased the burden on the individuals and healthcare systems.For the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the prevention and management measures mainly include glucose control and lifestyle interventions.It has been confirmed that lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as pharmacological interventions in people with impaired glucose tolerance.Therefore,interventions to lifestyle are very important for preventing diabetes mellitus.In this article,the prevention measures of diabetes mellitus were analyzed and summarized through lifestyle interventions,mainly in the aspects of daily diet and exercise management.
