The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system an...The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system and derive supply chain contracts to deal with existing asymmetric information, a two level supply chain model including one Supplier and one retailer under the demand of price elasticity is developed. By using the principalagent principle and the optimal control theory, three types of supply chain contract, i. e. , a wholesale pricing contract, a two-parameter linear and a two-parameter nonlinear contracts are obtained. In these contracts, the Supplier has asymmetric information about the retailer cost structure. Simulation results show that the two-parameter contracts are more effective strategies to achieve supply chain coordination.展开更多
A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characte...A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characteristics of the prepositions and prepositional phrases used in business English contracts and explore the translation strategies used in translating the features of the prepositions and the prepositional phrases in business English contracts. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for the majority of the trade workers, which can help them accurately and effectively draft or translate a contract and avoid unnecessary disputes.展开更多
Forestry contracts of the Qing Dynasty in Jinping County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province, are a unique historical legacy of China. It came into being with the development of society and economy of Jinping. Resear...Forestry contracts of the Qing Dynasty in Jinping County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province, are a unique historical legacy of China. It came into being with the development of society and economy of Jinping. Research on these contracts is becoming widespread domestically and abroad as well. This paper is intended to make a review of the collection and research of forestry contracts in Jinping according to the chronological sequence.展开更多
The translation of English sale contracts of goods has become an important step in international goods sales. In order to resolve the difficulties, the translation of long sentences, the author defines what the transl...The translation of English sale contracts of goods has become an important step in international goods sales. In order to resolve the difficulties, the translation of long sentences, the author defines what the translation of English sale contracts of goods is in the international goods sales based on skopos theory. Then the author presents four principles: accuracy, fluency, standard and preciseness for the translation of long sentences in view of the purpose of translation, the nature of readership and the type of texts. And the author further advances feasible methods for the translation of long sentences after analyzing their features. These principles and methods are proven to be meaningful in the translation of English sale contracts of goods.展开更多
Contract is the legal evidence of the concerning parties of business. And this lead to its unique characteristics: technical terms, archaism, borrowed words, juxtaposition, and abbreviation. The understanding of contr...Contract is the legal evidence of the concerning parties of business. And this lead to its unique characteristics: technical terms, archaism, borrowed words, juxtaposition, and abbreviation. The understanding of contracts is of vital importance for each party, because it concerns the share of interests. In order to avoid ambiguity that some words or sentence in English contracts may lead to, and achieve"best relevance and least effort"of communication, this paper, by applying relation maxim, deeply analyze how to understand English contracts though selection of words, modification, the complexity and simplicity of sentence.展开更多
Production sharing contracts have been used in the development of China’s offshore petroleum resources since 1982, but the mechanism in which the fiscal terms impact project economics is complicated and not well unde...Production sharing contracts have been used in the development of China’s offshore petroleum resources since 1982, but the mechanism in which the fiscal terms impact project economics is complicated and not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to model China’s offshore production sharing contracts using a probabilistic approach. Cash flows and economic indicators are used for a typical offshore oilfield development, and meta-models are constructed to analyze the basic features of the fiscal system. Applications of the models in contract negotiation are discussed.展开更多
The offshore pipeline network in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is the largest and most transparent system in the world. A review of deepwater projects in the region provides insight into construction cost and installation m...The offshore pipeline network in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is the largest and most transparent system in the world. A review of deepwater projects in the region provides insight into construction cost and installation methods and the evolution of contract strategies. Pipeline projects are identified as export systems, infield flowline systems, and combined export and infield systems, and three dozen deepwater pipeline installations from 1980–2014 are described based on Offshore Technology Conference(OTC) and Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE) industry publications and press release data. Export lines and infield flowlines are equally represented and many projects used a combination of J-lay, S-lay and reel methods with rigid steel, flexible line, and pipe-in-pipe systems. The average 2014 inflation-adjusted cost for pipeline projects based on OTC/SPE publications was $2.76 million/mi and ranged from $520 000/mi to $12.94 million/mi. High cost pipelines tend to be short segments or specialized pipeline. Excluding the two cost endpoints, the majority of projects ranged from $1 to $6 million/mi. The average inflation-adjusted cost to install deepwater pipelines in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico based on available public data is estimated at $3.1 million/mi.展开更多
Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production ...Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production path optimization model is developed to maximize economic benefits within constraints of technology factors and oil contracts.This analysis describes the effects of risk service contract terms on parameters of inputs and outputs and quantifies the relationships between production and production time,revenues,investment and costs.An oil service development and production project is illustrated in which the optimal production path under its own geological conditions and contract terms is calculated.The influences of oil price,service fees per barrel and operating costs on the optimal production have been examined by sensitivity analysis.The results show that the oil price has the largest impact on the optimal production,which is negatively related to oil price and positively related to service fees per barrel and operating costs.展开更多
Aiming at the incentive problems of venture capital syndication at the second and later stages, an game model is set up by principal agent and incentive theory, given that the lead venture capitalist has already some ...Aiming at the incentive problems of venture capital syndication at the second and later stages, an game model is set up by principal agent and incentive theory, given that the lead venture capitalist has already some knowledge of the project quality from his initial funding of the project. Under symmetric and asymmetric information, the model analyzes how the optimal syndication contracts induce venture capitalists to truthfully reveal their information to each other, and vary with the level of venture capitalists＇ expertise and information in evaluating projects.展开更多
With advancing of economic globalization and China's Reform and Opening up, the business relations between China and foreign countries are becoming frequent. Business contract is a binding text which is essential ...With advancing of economic globalization and China's Reform and Opening up, the business relations between China and foreign countries are becoming frequent. Business contract is a binding text which is essential to bilateral economy interests.The translation of English business contract concerns both the interests of trade partners and countries, and it is also an important part of economic diplomacy. But in recent years, many inaccurate, unprofessional translation of English business contract can be seen in business circle. This phenomenon can mess up the market and lead to huge loss of economy benefits. So we can see clearly it is important for us to translate contracts precisely. To accomplish this goal, we must be guided with proper strategies. The thesis discusses the features of English business contracts and then tries to find the strategies for translating English Business Contracts.展开更多
As economic globalization continues to develop increasingly,political and economic trade has become more frequent.In international activities,business contracts are important legal documents,and all international busi...As economic globalization continues to develop increasingly,political and economic trade has become more frequent.In international activities,business contracts are important legal documents,and all international business activities require the signing of contracts,which has greatly increased the demand for translation of business contracts.Based on the functional equivalence theory,this paper analyzes the translation of E-C business contracts with the characteristics of business contracts.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and a practical translation strategy for E-C translation of business contracts,and to solve problems encountered in the translation practice.展开更多
The widespread adoption of blockchain technology has led to the exploration of its numerous applications in various fields.Cryptographic algorithms and smart contracts are critical components of blockchain security.De...The widespread adoption of blockchain technology has led to the exploration of its numerous applications in various fields.Cryptographic algorithms and smart contracts are critical components of blockchain security.Despite the benefits of virtual currency,vulnerabilities in smart contracts have resulted in substantial losses to users.While researchers have identified these vulnerabilities and developed tools for detecting them,the accuracy of these tools is still far from satisfactory,with high false positive and false negative rates.In this paper,we propose a new method for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts using the BERT pre-training model,which can quickly and effectively process and detect smart contracts.More specifically,we preprocess and make symbol substitution in the contract,which can make the pre-training model better obtain contract features.We evaluate our method on four datasets and compare its performance with other deep learning models and vulnerability detection tools,demonstrating its superior accuracy.展开更多
This paper examines the bipartite consensus problems for the nonlinear multi-agent systems in Lurie dynamics form with cooperative and competitive communication between different agents. Based on the contraction theor...This paper examines the bipartite consensus problems for the nonlinear multi-agent systems in Lurie dynamics form with cooperative and competitive communication between different agents. Based on the contraction theory, some new conditions for the nonlinear Lurie multi-agent systems reaching bipartite leaderless consensus and bipartite tracking consensus are presented. Compared with the traditional methods, this approach degrades the dimensions of the conditions, eliminates some restrictions of the system matrix, and extends the range of the nonlinear function. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our results.展开更多
In recent years,blockchain technology integration and application has gradually become an important driving force for new technological innovation and industrial transformation.While blockchain technology and applicat...In recent years,blockchain technology integration and application has gradually become an important driving force for new technological innovation and industrial transformation.While blockchain technology and applications are developing rapidly,the emerging security risks and obstacles have gradually become prominent.Attackers can still find security issues in blockchain systems and conduct attacks,causing increasing losses from network attacks every year.In response to the current demand for blockchain application security detection and assessment in all industries,and the insufficient coverage of existing detection technologies such as smart contract detectiontechnology,this paper proposes a blockchain core technology security assessment system model,and studies the relevant detection and assessment key technologies and systems.A security assessment scheme based on a smart contract and consensus mechanism detection scheme is designed.And the underlying blockchain architecture supports the traceability of detection results using super blockchains.Finally,the functionality and performance of the system were tested,and the test results show that the model and solutions proposed in this paper have good feasibility.展开更多
Recent rapid advancements in communication technology have brought forth the era of Web 3.0,representing a substantial transformation in the Internet landscape.This shift has led to the emergence of various decentrali...Recent rapid advancements in communication technology have brought forth the era of Web 3.0,representing a substantial transformation in the Internet landscape.This shift has led to the emergence of various decentralized metaverse applications that leverage blockchain as their underlying technology to enable users to exchange value directly from point to point.However,blockchains are blind to the real world,and smart contracts cannot directly access data from the external world.To address this limitation,the technology of oracles has been introduced to provide real-world data for smart contracts and other blockchain applications.In this paper,we focus on mitigating the risks associated with oracles providing corrupt or incorrect data.We propose a novel Web 3.0 architecture for the Metaverse based on the multiidentifier network(MIN),and its decentralized blockchain oracle model called Meta Oracle.The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve minor time investment in return for significantly more reliable data and increased throughput.展开更多
Telecom operators are deploying the fifth generation(5G) networks around the world which promises high information transmission rate, wide network coverage, low communication delay, and easy access to a large number o...Telecom operators are deploying the fifth generation(5G) networks around the world which promises high information transmission rate, wide network coverage, low communication delay, and easy access to a large number of devices. However, during the construction and operation of 5G, telecom operators face many challenges, such as insufficient frequency resources, low efficiency of network management, information opacity, risks of data interoperability, and network privacy vulnerabilities. As 5G is generally deployed in heterogeneous networks with massive ubiquitous devices, it is quite necessary to provide secure and decentralized solutions. Blockchain is a distributed system maintained by multiple parties with inherit features including decentralization,traceability and tamperproof. These features collectively contribute to a new application ecosystem where transactions are secure and trustworthy. Therefore,blockchain is expected to integrate with 5G networks to build safer and more reliable mobile network infrastructures. This paper firstly discusses the merits of blockchain technology and the benefits of integrating it with 5G networks. Then a variety of applications of blockchain technology in telecom network operation are reviewed, including spectrum sharing, international roaming settlement, network operation management, number selection management and supply chain management. In the end, we show our recently advance in integrating blockchain in 5G by introducing a multi framework based blockchain service network architecture deployed in real environment.展开更多
Existence criteria is established for the periodic solution of the nonlinear neutral delay differential equation x′(t)=f(t,x(t),x(t-τ 1(t)),x′(t-τ 2(t)))+p(t) by means of an abstract continuous theorem of k-set ...Existence criteria is established for the periodic solution of the nonlinear neutral delay differential equation x′(t)=f(t,x(t),x(t-τ 1(t)),x′(t-τ 2(t)))+p(t) by means of an abstract continuous theorem of k-set contractive operator and some analysis technique.展开更多
文摘The challenge for supply chain management is to create appropriate supply chain contracts so as to optimize the system performance. To examine the role of asymmetric information in a two-echelon supply chain system and derive supply chain contracts to deal with existing asymmetric information, a two level supply chain model including one Supplier and one retailer under the demand of price elasticity is developed. By using the principalagent principle and the optimal control theory, three types of supply chain contract, i. e. , a wholesale pricing contract, a two-parameter linear and a two-parameter nonlinear contracts are obtained. In these contracts, the Supplier has asymmetric information about the retailer cost structure. Simulation results show that the two-parameter contracts are more effective strategies to achieve supply chain coordination.
文摘A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characteristics of the prepositions and prepositional phrases used in business English contracts and explore the translation strategies used in translating the features of the prepositions and the prepositional phrases in business English contracts. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for the majority of the trade workers, which can help them accurately and effectively draft or translate a contract and avoid unnecessary disputes.
文摘Forestry contracts of the Qing Dynasty in Jinping County, southwest China’s Guizhou Province, are a unique historical legacy of China. It came into being with the development of society and economy of Jinping. Research on these contracts is becoming widespread domestically and abroad as well. This paper is intended to make a review of the collection and research of forestry contracts in Jinping according to the chronological sequence.
文摘The translation of English sale contracts of goods has become an important step in international goods sales. In order to resolve the difficulties, the translation of long sentences, the author defines what the translation of English sale contracts of goods is in the international goods sales based on skopos theory. Then the author presents four principles: accuracy, fluency, standard and preciseness for the translation of long sentences in view of the purpose of translation, the nature of readership and the type of texts. And the author further advances feasible methods for the translation of long sentences after analyzing their features. These principles and methods are proven to be meaningful in the translation of English sale contracts of goods.
文摘Contract is the legal evidence of the concerning parties of business. And this lead to its unique characteristics: technical terms, archaism, borrowed words, juxtaposition, and abbreviation. The understanding of contracts is of vital importance for each party, because it concerns the share of interests. In order to avoid ambiguity that some words or sentence in English contracts may lead to, and achieve"best relevance and least effort"of communication, this paper, by applying relation maxim, deeply analyze how to understand English contracts though selection of words, modification, the complexity and simplicity of sentence.
文摘Production sharing contracts have been used in the development of China’s offshore petroleum resources since 1982, but the mechanism in which the fiscal terms impact project economics is complicated and not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to model China’s offshore production sharing contracts using a probabilistic approach. Cash flows and economic indicators are used for a typical offshore oilfield development, and meta-models are constructed to analyze the basic features of the fiscal system. Applications of the models in contract negotiation are discussed.
基金provided through the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
文摘The offshore pipeline network in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is the largest and most transparent system in the world. A review of deepwater projects in the region provides insight into construction cost and installation methods and the evolution of contract strategies. Pipeline projects are identified as export systems, infield flowline systems, and combined export and infield systems, and three dozen deepwater pipeline installations from 1980–2014 are described based on Offshore Technology Conference(OTC) and Society of Petroleum Engineers(SPE) industry publications and press release data. Export lines and infield flowlines are equally represented and many projects used a combination of J-lay, S-lay and reel methods with rigid steel, flexible line, and pipe-in-pipe systems. The average 2014 inflation-adjusted cost for pipeline projects based on OTC/SPE publications was $2.76 million/mi and ranged from $520 000/mi to $12.94 million/mi. High cost pipelines tend to be short segments or specialized pipeline. Excluding the two cost endpoints, the majority of projects ranged from $1 to $6 million/mi. The average inflation-adjusted cost to install deepwater pipelines in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico based on available public data is estimated at $3.1 million/mi.
基金Funding for this work was provided by the Major Project from the National Social Science Foundation of China through research on replacement strategies for overseas oil and gas resources based on the perspective of China’s petroleum security under the project number 11&ZD164
文摘Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production path optimization model is developed to maximize economic benefits within constraints of technology factors and oil contracts.This analysis describes the effects of risk service contract terms on parameters of inputs and outputs and quantifies the relationships between production and production time,revenues,investment and costs.An oil service development and production project is illustrated in which the optimal production path under its own geological conditions and contract terms is calculated.The influences of oil price,service fees per barrel and operating costs on the optimal production have been examined by sensitivity analysis.The results show that the oil price has the largest impact on the optimal production,which is negatively related to oil price and positively related to service fees per barrel and operating costs.
文摘Aiming at the incentive problems of venture capital syndication at the second and later stages, an game model is set up by principal agent and incentive theory, given that the lead venture capitalist has already some knowledge of the project quality from his initial funding of the project. Under symmetric and asymmetric information, the model analyzes how the optimal syndication contracts induce venture capitalists to truthfully reveal their information to each other, and vary with the level of venture capitalists＇ expertise and information in evaluating projects.
文摘With advancing of economic globalization and China's Reform and Opening up, the business relations between China and foreign countries are becoming frequent. Business contract is a binding text which is essential to bilateral economy interests.The translation of English business contract concerns both the interests of trade partners and countries, and it is also an important part of economic diplomacy. But in recent years, many inaccurate, unprofessional translation of English business contract can be seen in business circle. This phenomenon can mess up the market and lead to huge loss of economy benefits. So we can see clearly it is important for us to translate contracts precisely. To accomplish this goal, we must be guided with proper strategies. The thesis discusses the features of English business contracts and then tries to find the strategies for translating English Business Contracts.
文摘As economic globalization continues to develop increasingly,political and economic trade has become more frequent.In international activities,business contracts are important legal documents,and all international business activities require the signing of contracts,which has greatly increased the demand for translation of business contracts.Based on the functional equivalence theory,this paper analyzes the translation of E-C business contracts with the characteristics of business contracts.This paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and a practical translation strategy for E-C translation of business contracts,and to solve problems encountered in the translation practice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan in China(Grant No.2020YFB1005500)。
文摘The widespread adoption of blockchain technology has led to the exploration of its numerous applications in various fields.Cryptographic algorithms and smart contracts are critical components of blockchain security.Despite the benefits of virtual currency,vulnerabilities in smart contracts have resulted in substantial losses to users.While researchers have identified these vulnerabilities and developed tools for detecting them,the accuracy of these tools is still far from satisfactory,with high false positive and false negative rates.In this paper,we propose a new method for detecting vulnerabilities in smart contracts using the BERT pre-training model,which can quickly and effectively process and detect smart contracts.More specifically,we preprocess and make symbol substitution in the contract,which can make the pre-training model better obtain contract features.We evaluate our method on four datasets and compare its performance with other deep learning models and vulnerability detection tools,demonstrating its superior accuracy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62363005)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20161BAB212032 and 20232BAB202034)the Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant Nos.GJJ202602 and GJJ202601)。
文摘This paper examines the bipartite consensus problems for the nonlinear multi-agent systems in Lurie dynamics form with cooperative and competitive communication between different agents. Based on the contraction theory, some new conditions for the nonlinear Lurie multi-agent systems reaching bipartite leaderless consensus and bipartite tracking consensus are presented. Compared with the traditional methods, this approach degrades the dimensions of the conditions, eliminates some restrictions of the system matrix, and extends the range of the nonlinear function. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our results.
基金supported by Education and Scientific Research Special Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Finance(Research on the Application of Blockchain Technology in Prison Law Enforcement Management),Fujian Provincial Social Science Foundation Public Security Theory Research Project(FJ2023TWGA004).
文摘In recent years,blockchain technology integration and application has gradually become an important driving force for new technological innovation and industrial transformation.While blockchain technology and applications are developing rapidly,the emerging security risks and obstacles have gradually become prominent.Attackers can still find security issues in blockchain systems and conduct attacks,causing increasing losses from network attacks every year.In response to the current demand for blockchain application security detection and assessment in all industries,and the insufficient coverage of existing detection technologies such as smart contract detectiontechnology,this paper proposes a blockchain core technology security assessment system model,and studies the relevant detection and assessment key technologies and systems.A security assessment scheme based on a smart contract and consensus mechanism detection scheme is designed.And the underlying blockchain architecture supports the traceability of detection results using super blockchains.Finally,the functionality and performance of the system were tested,and the test results show that the model and solutions proposed in this paper have good feasibility.
基金supported by Shenzhen Fundamental Research Programs under Grant Nos.JCYJ20220531093206015,GXWD20201231165807007-20200807164903001,JCYJ20210324122013036,and JCYJ20190808155607340Guang Dong Prov.R&D Key Programs under Grant Nos.2019B010137001 and 2018B010124001+4 种基金Basic Research Enhancement Program of China under Grant No.2021-JCJQ-JJ-0483National Keystone R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFB0803204Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61671001ZTE Industry-University-Institute Fund Project under Grant No.2019ZTE03-01HuaWei Funding under Grant No.TC20201222002。
文摘Recent rapid advancements in communication technology have brought forth the era of Web 3.0,representing a substantial transformation in the Internet landscape.This shift has led to the emergence of various decentralized metaverse applications that leverage blockchain as their underlying technology to enable users to exchange value directly from point to point.However,blockchains are blind to the real world,and smart contracts cannot directly access data from the external world.To address this limitation,the technology of oracles has been introduced to provide real-world data for smart contracts and other blockchain applications.In this paper,we focus on mitigating the risks associated with oracles providing corrupt or incorrect data.We propose a novel Web 3.0 architecture for the Metaverse based on the multiidentifier network(MIN),and its decentralized blockchain oracle model called Meta Oracle.The experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve minor time investment in return for significantly more reliable data and increased throughput.
文摘Telecom operators are deploying the fifth generation(5G) networks around the world which promises high information transmission rate, wide network coverage, low communication delay, and easy access to a large number of devices. However, during the construction and operation of 5G, telecom operators face many challenges, such as insufficient frequency resources, low efficiency of network management, information opacity, risks of data interoperability, and network privacy vulnerabilities. As 5G is generally deployed in heterogeneous networks with massive ubiquitous devices, it is quite necessary to provide secure and decentralized solutions. Blockchain is a distributed system maintained by multiple parties with inherit features including decentralization,traceability and tamperproof. These features collectively contribute to a new application ecosystem where transactions are secure and trustworthy. Therefore,blockchain is expected to integrate with 5G networks to build safer and more reliable mobile network infrastructures. This paper firstly discusses the merits of blockchain technology and the benefits of integrating it with 5G networks. Then a variety of applications of blockchain technology in telecom network operation are reviewed, including spectrum sharing, international roaming settlement, network operation management, number selection management and supply chain management. In the end, we show our recently advance in integrating blockchain in 5G by introducing a multi framework based blockchain service network architecture deployed in real environment.
文摘Existence criteria is established for the periodic solution of the nonlinear neutral delay differential equation x′(t)=f(t,x(t),x(t-τ 1(t)),x′(t-τ 2(t)))+p(t) by means of an abstract continuous theorem of k-set contractive operator and some analysis technique.
