There has been a steady growth in demand for convenience and ready-cooked food has influenced the interest of poultry processors in developing value-added chicken products that meet consumers＇ demand/choice. A conjoi...There has been a steady growth in demand for convenience and ready-cooked food has influenced the interest of poultry processors in developing value-added chicken products that meet consumers＇ demand/choice. A conjoint analysis was done in this study on the survey of 975 chicken consumers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, between March and September, 2014 to valuate consumers, preferences and willingness to pay （WTP） for various chicken attributed parts, production method, processing method, storage method, the presence of flavor and cooking method. The estimates of consumers, WTP premium prices for various mixtures of value-added characteristics were ascertained. The consumers preferred chicken products refrigerated, from chicken produced under free-range management, chicken breast, chicken product that was addictive and flavor free, which could be oven-heated or pan heated. One half of the entire respondents were willing to pay about 25% more for value-added chicken product over the price for conventional products. On the whole, a premium for value-added chicken products was more likely to be paid for by young consumers, consumers who patronized farmers＇ markets and preferred free-range or organic chicken products. WTP by consumers was negatively affected by price of products. The poultry industry could utilize combined knowledge of consumers＇ WTP for value-added chicken product price as a guide of develop innovative value-added chicken products.展开更多
综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)在有效提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)运行灵活性的同时,其不确定性也使系统的供需平衡调节面临着严峻挑战。为准确量化并应对这一不确定性,该文提出了一种IDR不确定性...综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)在有效提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)运行灵活性的同时,其不确定性也使系统的供需平衡调节面临着严峻挑战。为准确量化并应对这一不确定性,该文提出了一种IDR不确定性建模及优化决策方法。首先,基于消费者心理学理论及多类型负荷响应机制,建立反映用户随机响应行为的IDR不确定性概率区间模型。其次,提出一种考虑IDR不确定性的IES两阶段随机优化策略。第一阶段基于IDR概率区间与经济激励之间的映射关系,以负荷波动率及IDR偏差率最小为目标,获取引导用户削峰填谷并能降低系统风险储备容量的IDR价格策略。第二阶段考虑价格策略对应的多随机IDR场景,通过价格策略修正、购能和设备出力优化,获得有效应对功率偏差的IES最优随机运行策略。最后,算例分析验证了所提模型和两阶段随机优化决策方法在缓解IDR不确定性风险、提高系统供需平衡调节能力等方面的有效性。展开更多
文摘There has been a steady growth in demand for convenience and ready-cooked food has influenced the interest of poultry processors in developing value-added chicken products that meet consumers＇ demand/choice. A conjoint analysis was done in this study on the survey of 975 chicken consumers in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, between March and September, 2014 to valuate consumers, preferences and willingness to pay （WTP） for various chicken attributed parts, production method, processing method, storage method, the presence of flavor and cooking method. The estimates of consumers, WTP premium prices for various mixtures of value-added characteristics were ascertained. The consumers preferred chicken products refrigerated, from chicken produced under free-range management, chicken breast, chicken product that was addictive and flavor free, which could be oven-heated or pan heated. One half of the entire respondents were willing to pay about 25% more for value-added chicken product over the price for conventional products. On the whole, a premium for value-added chicken products was more likely to be paid for by young consumers, consumers who patronized farmers＇ markets and preferred free-range or organic chicken products. WTP by consumers was negatively affected by price of products. The poultry industry could utilize combined knowledge of consumers＇ WTP for value-added chicken product price as a guide of develop innovative value-added chicken products.
文摘综合需求响应(integrated demand response,IDR)在有效提升综合能源系统(integrated energy system,IES)运行灵活性的同时,其不确定性也使系统的供需平衡调节面临着严峻挑战。为准确量化并应对这一不确定性,该文提出了一种IDR不确定性建模及优化决策方法。首先,基于消费者心理学理论及多类型负荷响应机制,建立反映用户随机响应行为的IDR不确定性概率区间模型。其次,提出一种考虑IDR不确定性的IES两阶段随机优化策略。第一阶段基于IDR概率区间与经济激励之间的映射关系,以负荷波动率及IDR偏差率最小为目标,获取引导用户削峰填谷并能降低系统风险储备容量的IDR价格策略。第二阶段考虑价格策略对应的多随机IDR场景,通过价格策略修正、购能和设备出力优化,获得有效应对功率偏差的IES最优随机运行策略。最后,算例分析验证了所提模型和两阶段随机优化决策方法在缓解IDR不确定性风险、提高系统供需平衡调节能力等方面的有效性。
