Objective Comparative study on the feasibility,safety and outcome of transradial artery and transfemoral artery access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction(...Objective Comparative study on the feasibility,safety and outcome of transradial artery and transfemoral artery access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Two hundred and eight patients with AMI episoded within 12 hours, male 159, female 49, age 58.9 ±11.9 (34～88)years, were randomly divided into transradial artery access for primary PCI (TRA pPCI) group of 106 cases and transfemoral artery access for PCI (TFA pPCI) group of 102 cases during Sept, 2000 to Aug, 2002. The protocols of the manipulation duration and the effect for TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI procedures were respectively compared, including the time of transradial artery puncture and the rate of puncture success at first time ; the time of guiding catheter engaging into target coronary ostium; the rate of patence in infarct related artery (IRA); total duration of manipulation and the successful rate.The incidence of complications such as bleeding, vessel injury,thrombi and embolism as well as the average stay of hospitalization between two groups was compared. The status and the incidance of vessel spasm were observed and the effect of medicine administration to prevent from and relieve the vascular spasm was evaluated. The time of Allen’s test before and after TRA pPCI , the inner diameter and the peak of blood velocity of the right and left radial artery were investigated with color Doppler vessel echography as well as the complications of radial artery were followed up 1 month after TRA pPCI procedure. Results Two cases in every TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI groups were crossed over each other because procedure of the transradial or transfemoral access was failure. One handred and six vessels (48 vessels in LAD,22 vessels in LCX and 36 vessels in RCA) associated with 28 vessels of total occlusion in TRA pPCI group and 102 vessels (51 vessels in LAD,18 veesles in LCX and 33 vessels in RCA) with 24 vessels in total occlusion in TFA pPCI group were angioplasticized . The successful rates of the first time puncture in access artery, the re patence IRA and pPCI were similar in TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI groups ( 93.4% vs 96.1% ;100% vs 100%; 96.2% vs 97.1% , P >0.05 ). There were no significant diffierence in the average time of puncture time of access artery ,engaging in target vessels of guiding catheters and the total procedure of PCI between the two groups ( 1.3 ±0.3s vs 1.2 ±0.3s ; 6.0 ±1.6min vs 5.8 ±0.9min ; 49.2 ±24.1min vs 46.5 ± 26.4min , P >0.05 ). The access artery complications such as bleeding ,hematoma and embolism as well the veneous thrombosis in TFA pPCI group were much more than those in TRA pPCI group(p< 0.01 ). Although slight artery spasm of 4.7% cases in TRA pPCI group was happened during the procedure of PCI , the procedure had being continued after administration of medicine to release the spasm. The time of Allen’s test ,diameter and the systolic velocity of blood in daul radial arteries were no significant change before and after pPCI.Conclusions The duration and effect by TRA pPCI for AMI with stable hemodynamics was similar to TFA pPCI. The complications such as of bleeding,vessel injury, thrombi and embolism by TRA pPCI were few, and it was unnecessary to discontinue the anticoagulation medicine. TRA pPCI might be selected as a access vessel for pPCI in AMI patients with stable hemodynamics.展开更多
The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), a...The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA) algorithms and normalization method based on the peak areas; the flavones in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were separated on an ODS column by gradient elution carried out with the flow phase consisting of water, methanol and phosphoric acid (0.1%), and their contents were quantitatively determined by standard curve method and diode array detection (DAD) at 362 nm. The results show that 68 and 73 compounds respectively from essential oils of the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are identified, and there are 33 mutual compounds among 108 compounds determined. The total contents of these volatile components of the two samples possess 92.9% and 97.75% of the gross of the relevant essential oils, respectively; the contents of the rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are 0.016 9, 0.003 6, 0.002 1 and 0.064 4, 0.030 2, 0.010 0 mg/g, respectively, and the determination recoveries are 95.2%-106.2%. The comparative analysis shows that for the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, there are significant differences in their components of the relevant essential oils and flavones.展开更多
Determination of distribution and magnitude of active earth pressure is crucial in retaining wall designs. A number of analytical theories on active earth pressure were presented. Yet, there are limited studies on com...Determination of distribution and magnitude of active earth pressure is crucial in retaining wall designs. A number of analytical theories on active earth pressure were presented. Yet, there are limited studies on comparison between the theories. In this work, comparison between the theories with finite element analysis is done using the PLAXIS software. The comparative results show that in terms of distribution and magnitude of active earth pressure, RANKINE＇s theory possesses the highest match to the PLAXIS analysis. Parametric studies were also done to study the responses of active earth pressure distribution to varying parameters Increasing soil friction angle and wall friction causes decrease in active earth pressure. In contrast, active earth pressure increases with increasing soil unit weight and height of wall. RANK/NE＇s theory has the highest compatibility to finite element analysis among all theories, and utilization of this theory leads to proficient retaining wall design.展开更多
There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that ma...There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that made by belt press.With the on-going improvement in technology,know-how & accumulated experiences, perhaps it’ s time for us to review the qualities & performances of synthetic diamond made by the cubic press more objectively.Studies were carried out on the performances of the two kinds of diamond by choosing from top brands & top qualities,with coarser mesh sizes 20/30 & 30/40.Comparisons were made on parameters, such as TI,TTI,PPC,bulk density,compact,roughness and arealight.And the diamonds chosen were used to produce the relevant diamond core drill bits and saw blades,their respective cutting performances such as cutting efficiency,segments consumption were measured and reported in this paper.The report demonstrates that producing the high quality diamond does not depend on the type of presses(Belt or Cubic) but rather on the know-how,technology and what it is made.展开更多
A comparative proteomic analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of cell elongation in developing cotton fibers.The temporal changes of global proteomes at five representative
The human society is an interdependent community of shared future.Rooted in the foundation of “Great Harmony” ideology in Chinese traditional culture,the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is an im...The human society is an interdependent community of shared future.Rooted in the foundation of “Great Harmony” ideology in Chinese traditional culture,the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is an important part of the socialism thoughts with Chinese characteristics in new era.The similarities and differences of cultures are the base of complementation and premise of innovative development rather than the source of conflicts.The core value of community of shared future is harmony,which with the goal of win-win can be achieved only by actively advocating cultural diversity,strengthening the effective and equal dialogue and understanding and complementing between different cultures or civilizations,and creating an inclusive,tolerant and reasonable peaceful environment.In this respect,the comparative literature research should inevitably play its irreplaceable role as a bridge to enable the communication,dialogue and understanding between eastern and western literature and cultures.The communication between cultures is homogeneous but the interaction between cultural soils as well as national cultures is heterogeneous.During the communication process of literature works,it’s necessary to further study the literature content under cultural differences.The community of shared future for mankind is not only a new idea for global governance but also a new kind of expression of the habitat guarding and building awareness;it is the real and physically objective existence and also the imaginary and emotional spirit pursuit.In the context that the comparative literature is trying to develop into the world literature,it’s the mission for mankind to make it possible the wide transmission,reading and studying of the diversified and unique literature works of different countries,which can manifest the common value connotation of human beings,and to spare no effort to remove obstacles from the path to the destination of a community of shared future for mankind.展开更多
Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) mode is a new governance mode which combines the advantages of government,private investor and the financial institution together.However,there is no sound legal system for PPPs in C...Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) mode is a new governance mode which combines the advantages of government,private investor and the financial institution together.However,there is no sound legal system for PPPs in China at present.Therefore,it is critical to build a PPP legal legislation in order to facilitate investments in complex and long-term PPP arrangements,reduce transaction costs,ensure appropriate regulatory controls,and provide legal and economic mechanisms to enable the resolution of contract disputes.This article provides an international perspective on PPP legal framework by drawing upon the existing of PPP laws from several countries.展开更多
This paper examined the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, in relation to the rest of the world, based on the index of revealed comparative advantage, using lots of data during period of 1980 to 2000. T...This paper examined the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, in relation to the rest of the world, based on the index of revealed comparative advantage, using lots of data during period of 1980 to 2000. The index is useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage, though a problem exits when using it. China is shown to have a comparative advantage in a range of agricultural products, including edible vegetables and tea. This complements the findings of those studies that have used price and cost based on approaches in identifying competitiveness in agricultural products. Results indicated that the RCA values had been weakening over the 21-year period. These have vastly different implication for the future reform in China＇s agriculture,展开更多
The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate c...Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate changes. Three empirical orthogonal function(EOF) techniques are discussed and applied to decades of sea-ice concentration(SIC) dataset in Arctic area for identifying independent patterns. It was found that: 1) discrepancies exist in magnitude and scope for each EOF pattern, however, the first two leading EOFs of variability possess high similarities in structure and shape; 2) Even though there are somewhat differences in amplitude of each PC mode, the first two leading PC modes maintain consistent in overall trend and periodicity; 3) There are significant discrepancies and inconsistencies in the third and fourth leading EOF and PC modes. The accuracies of three techniques are further validated in representing the physical phenomena of SIC anomaly patterns.展开更多
Chronic stress can induce hippocampus injury such as neuron loss and dendrite atrophy,but its mechanism and molecular basis remain unclear up to now.To understand the molecular mechanism on protein level and find the ...Chronic stress can induce hippocampus injury such as neuron loss and dendrite atrophy,but its mechanism and molecular basis remain unclear up to now.To understand the molecular mechanism on protein level and find the crucial proteins which correlated with chronic展开更多
Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
With the development of large scale text processing, the dimension of text feature space has become larger and larger, which has added a lot of difficulties to natural language processing. How to reduce the dimension...With the development of large scale text processing, the dimension of text feature space has become larger and larger, which has added a lot of difficulties to natural language processing. How to reduce the dimension has become a practical problem in the field. Here we present two clustering methods, i.e. concept association and concept abstract, to achieve the goal. The first refers to the keyword clustering based on the co occurrence of展开更多
In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of children adrenal neuroblastoma,and screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease,the comparative proteomics were done in this report.The total proteins in childr...In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of children adrenal neuroblastoma,and screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease,the comparative proteomics were done in this report.The total proteins in children adrenal neuroblastoma and adrenal control tissues were extracted separately and then separated by 2-DE individually.The protein spots were identified eventually by UPLC-HD-MS.In this research,18 difference proteins including stathmin 1 were found.展开更多
The quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) of 2-alkyl-4-(biphenylylmethoxy) pyridine derivatives was studied.Three different alignment methods were used to get the models of the comparative molecular field...The quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) of 2-alkyl-4-(biphenylylmethoxy) pyridine derivatives was studied.Three different alignment methods were used to get the models of the comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA),the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA),and the hologram quantitative structure?activity relationship(HQSAR).The statistical results from the established models show believable predictivity based on the cross-validated value(q2>0.5) and the non-validated value(r2>0.9),The analysis on contour maps of CoMFA and CoMSIA models suggests that hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond acceptor fields are important factors that affect the AT1 antagonistic activity of 2-alkyl-4-(biphenylylmethoxy) pyridine derivatives besides the steric and electrostatic fields,The structural modification information from different atom contributions in the HQSAR model is in agreement with that in the 3D-QSAR models.展开更多
The mixing time of impact zone in liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor(LISR) is theoretically calculated by empirical model and modern micromixing model of the fluid mixing process, and the variation laws of ma...The mixing time of impact zone in liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor(LISR) is theoretically calculated by empirical model and modern micromixing model of the fluid mixing process, and the variation laws of macromixing time and micromixing time are quantitatively discussed. The results show that under a continuous and stable operating condition, as the paddle speed increases, the macromixing time and micromixing time calculated by the two models both decrease, even in a linkage equilibrium state. Simultaneously, as the paddle speed increases, the results figured by the two models tend to be consistent. It indicates that two models both are more suitable for calculation of mixing time in high paddle speed. Compared with the existing experimental results of this type of reactor, the mixing time computed in the speed of 1500 r/min is closer to it. These conclusions can provide an important reference for systematically studying the strengthening mechanism of LISR under continuous mixing conditions.展开更多
Assisted by framework of multimedia total exposure model for hazard waste sites(CalTOX),potential influences of scenario-uncertainty on multimedia health risk assessment(MHRA) and decision-making were quantitatively a...Assisted by framework of multimedia total exposure model for hazard waste sites(CalTOX),potential influences of scenario-uncertainty on multimedia health risk assessment(MHRA) and decision-making were quantitatively analyzed in a primary extent under the Chinese scenario case by deliberately varying the two key scenario-elements,namely conceptual exposure pathways combination and aim receptor cohorts choice.Results show that the independent change of one exposure pathway or receptor cohort could lead variation of MHRA results in the range of 3.6×10-6-1.4×10-5 or 6.7×10-6-2.3×10-5.And randomly simultaneous change of those two elements could lead variation of MHRA results at the range of 7.7×10-8-2.3×10-5.On the basis of the corresponding sensitivity analysis,pathways which made a valid contribution to the final modeling risk value occupied only 16.7% of all considered pathways.Afterwards,comparative analysis between influence of parameter-uncertainty and influence of scenario-uncertainty was made.In consideration of interrelationship among all types of uncertainties and financial reasonability during MHRA procedures,the integrated method how to optimize the entire procedures of MHRA was presented innovatively based on sensitivity analysis,scenario-discussion and nest Monte Carlo simulation or fuzzy mathematics.展开更多
In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and e...In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation, bursting strength and tearing strength were chosen as indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the means of dry tension strength, dry elongation and bursting strength of different plasticizers; there were not significant differences among the means of wet tension strength, wet elongation and tearing strength of different plasticizers; for dry tension strength and elongation, glycerol had a significant difference with sorbitol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between sorbitol and PEG, dry tension strength added glycerol had been reduced 6.8% compared with that added sorbitol, reduced 9.5% compared with that added PEG; elongation had been improved 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively; for bursting strength, sorbitol had a significant difference with glycerol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between glycerol and PEG; bursting strength added glycerol and added PEG had been improved 6.9% and 5.6%, respectively compared with that of the added sorbitol. The results provided a theoretical reference for further improving the straw fiber film manufacturing process.展开更多
文摘Objective Comparative study on the feasibility,safety and outcome of transradial artery and transfemoral artery access for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods Two hundred and eight patients with AMI episoded within 12 hours, male 159, female 49, age 58.9 ±11.9 (34～88)years, were randomly divided into transradial artery access for primary PCI (TRA pPCI) group of 106 cases and transfemoral artery access for PCI (TFA pPCI) group of 102 cases during Sept, 2000 to Aug, 2002. The protocols of the manipulation duration and the effect for TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI procedures were respectively compared, including the time of transradial artery puncture and the rate of puncture success at first time ; the time of guiding catheter engaging into target coronary ostium; the rate of patence in infarct related artery (IRA); total duration of manipulation and the successful rate.The incidence of complications such as bleeding, vessel injury,thrombi and embolism as well as the average stay of hospitalization between two groups was compared. The status and the incidance of vessel spasm were observed and the effect of medicine administration to prevent from and relieve the vascular spasm was evaluated. The time of Allen’s test before and after TRA pPCI , the inner diameter and the peak of blood velocity of the right and left radial artery were investigated with color Doppler vessel echography as well as the complications of radial artery were followed up 1 month after TRA pPCI procedure. Results Two cases in every TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI groups were crossed over each other because procedure of the transradial or transfemoral access was failure. One handred and six vessels (48 vessels in LAD,22 vessels in LCX and 36 vessels in RCA) associated with 28 vessels of total occlusion in TRA pPCI group and 102 vessels (51 vessels in LAD,18 veesles in LCX and 33 vessels in RCA) with 24 vessels in total occlusion in TFA pPCI group were angioplasticized . The successful rates of the first time puncture in access artery, the re patence IRA and pPCI were similar in TRA pPCI and TFA pPCI groups ( 93.4% vs 96.1% ;100% vs 100%; 96.2% vs 97.1% , P >0.05 ). There were no significant diffierence in the average time of puncture time of access artery ,engaging in target vessels of guiding catheters and the total procedure of PCI between the two groups ( 1.3 ±0.3s vs 1.2 ±0.3s ; 6.0 ±1.6min vs 5.8 ±0.9min ; 49.2 ±24.1min vs 46.5 ± 26.4min , P >0.05 ). The access artery complications such as bleeding ,hematoma and embolism as well the veneous thrombosis in TFA pPCI group were much more than those in TRA pPCI group(p< 0.01 ). Although slight artery spasm of 4.7% cases in TRA pPCI group was happened during the procedure of PCI , the procedure had being continued after administration of medicine to release the spasm. The time of Allen’s test ,diameter and the systolic velocity of blood in daul radial arteries were no significant change before and after pPCI.Conclusions The duration and effect by TRA pPCI for AMI with stable hemodynamics was similar to TFA pPCI. The complications such as of bleeding,vessel injury, thrombi and embolism by TRA pPCI were few, and it was unnecessary to discontinue the anticoagulation medicine. TRA pPCI might be selected as a access vessel for pPCI in AMI patients with stable hemodynamics.
基金Project(20235020) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA) algorithms and normalization method based on the peak areas; the flavones in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were separated on an ODS column by gradient elution carried out with the flow phase consisting of water, methanol and phosphoric acid (0.1%), and their contents were quantitatively determined by standard curve method and diode array detection (DAD) at 362 nm. The results show that 68 and 73 compounds respectively from essential oils of the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are identified, and there are 33 mutual compounds among 108 compounds determined. The total contents of these volatile components of the two samples possess 92.9% and 97.75% of the gross of the relevant essential oils, respectively; the contents of the rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are 0.016 9, 0.003 6, 0.002 1 and 0.064 4, 0.030 2, 0.010 0 mg/g, respectively, and the determination recoveries are 95.2%-106.2%. The comparative analysis shows that for the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, there are significant differences in their components of the relevant essential oils and flavones.
基金Project(RG086/10AET) supported by the Institute of Research Management and Monitoring,University of Malaya,Malaysia
文摘Determination of distribution and magnitude of active earth pressure is crucial in retaining wall designs. A number of analytical theories on active earth pressure were presented. Yet, there are limited studies on comparison between the theories. In this work, comparison between the theories with finite element analysis is done using the PLAXIS software. The comparative results show that in terms of distribution and magnitude of active earth pressure, RANKINE＇s theory possesses the highest match to the PLAXIS analysis. Parametric studies were also done to study the responses of active earth pressure distribution to varying parameters Increasing soil friction angle and wall friction causes decrease in active earth pressure. In contrast, active earth pressure increases with increasing soil unit weight and height of wall. RANK/NE＇s theory has the highest compatibility to finite element analysis among all theories, and utilization of this theory leads to proficient retaining wall design.
文摘There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that made by belt press.With the on-going improvement in technology,know-how & accumulated experiences, perhaps it’ s time for us to review the qualities & performances of synthetic diamond made by the cubic press more objectively.Studies were carried out on the performances of the two kinds of diamond by choosing from top brands & top qualities,with coarser mesh sizes 20/30 & 30/40.Comparisons were made on parameters, such as TI,TTI,PPC,bulk density,compact,roughness and arealight.And the diamonds chosen were used to produce the relevant diamond core drill bits and saw blades,their respective cutting performances such as cutting efficiency,segments consumption were measured and reported in this paper.The report demonstrates that producing the high quality diamond does not depend on the type of presses(Belt or Cubic) but rather on the know-how,technology and what it is made.
文摘A comparative proteomic analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of cell elongation in developing cotton fibers.The temporal changes of global proteomes at five representative
基金funded by 2012 Shandong University Independent Innovation (Humanity and Social Science Special Program) Project “Study of British Immigrant Writer Caryl Philips”(IFW12018)
文摘The human society is an interdependent community of shared future.Rooted in the foundation of “Great Harmony” ideology in Chinese traditional culture,the idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is an important part of the socialism thoughts with Chinese characteristics in new era.The similarities and differences of cultures are the base of complementation and premise of innovative development rather than the source of conflicts.The core value of community of shared future is harmony,which with the goal of win-win can be achieved only by actively advocating cultural diversity,strengthening the effective and equal dialogue and understanding and complementing between different cultures or civilizations,and creating an inclusive,tolerant and reasonable peaceful environment.In this respect,the comparative literature research should inevitably play its irreplaceable role as a bridge to enable the communication,dialogue and understanding between eastern and western literature and cultures.The communication between cultures is homogeneous but the interaction between cultural soils as well as national cultures is heterogeneous.During the communication process of literature works,it’s necessary to further study the literature content under cultural differences.The community of shared future for mankind is not only a new idea for global governance but also a new kind of expression of the habitat guarding and building awareness;it is the real and physically objective existence and also the imaginary and emotional spirit pursuit.In the context that the comparative literature is trying to develop into the world literature,it’s the mission for mankind to make it possible the wide transmission,reading and studying of the diversified and unique literature works of different countries,which can manifest the common value connotation of human beings,and to spare no effort to remove obstacles from the path to the destination of a community of shared future for mankind.
基金the staged achievement of National Social Science Project(15CFX053)supported by scientific research project of SWPU(2017RW010)funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council and the Energy Law Research Team of SWPU(2018CXTD13)
文摘Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) mode is a new governance mode which combines the advantages of government,private investor and the financial institution together.However,there is no sound legal system for PPPs in China at present.Therefore,it is critical to build a PPP legal legislation in order to facilitate investments in complex and long-term PPP arrangements,reduce transaction costs,ensure appropriate regulatory controls,and provide legal and economic mechanisms to enable the resolution of contract disputes.This article provides an international perspective on PPP legal framework by drawing upon the existing of PPP laws from several countries.
文摘This paper examined the competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, in relation to the rest of the world, based on the index of revealed comparative advantage, using lots of data during period of 1980 to 2000. The index is useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage, though a problem exits when using it. China is shown to have a comparative advantage in a range of agricultural products, including edible vegetables and tea. This complements the findings of those studies that have used price and cost based on approaches in identifying competitiveness in agricultural products. Results indicated that the RCA values had been weakening over the 21-year period. These have vastly different implication for the future reform in China＇s agriculture,
文摘The cultivated Gossypium A genome diploid species G.arboreum and G.herbaceum and the allotetraploid species G.hirsutum and G.barbadense share common morphology for various floral traits,
基金Project(41301420)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JJB005)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2014VGE03)supported by the Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment from Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(LEND2013B04)supported by the NASA Key Laboratory of Land Environment and Disaster Monitoring,USA
文摘Change in Arctic sea ice extent is one of the indicators of global climate changes. Spatio-temporal change and change patterns can be identified using various methods to facilitate human understanding global climate changes. Three empirical orthogonal function(EOF) techniques are discussed and applied to decades of sea-ice concentration(SIC) dataset in Arctic area for identifying independent patterns. It was found that: 1) discrepancies exist in magnitude and scope for each EOF pattern, however, the first two leading EOFs of variability possess high similarities in structure and shape; 2) Even though there are somewhat differences in amplitude of each PC mode, the first two leading PC modes maintain consistent in overall trend and periodicity; 3) There are significant discrepancies and inconsistencies in the third and fourth leading EOF and PC modes. The accuracies of three techniques are further validated in representing the physical phenomena of SIC anomaly patterns.
文摘Chronic stress can induce hippocampus injury such as neuron loss and dendrite atrophy,but its mechanism and molecular basis remain unclear up to now.To understand the molecular mechanism on protein level and find the crucial proteins which correlated with chronic
文摘Wild relatives and un-adapted germplasm of crop species harbors several adaptive traits.Introgression of genes for economic and adaptive traits brings in novel genetic variation into the gene
文摘With the development of large scale text processing, the dimension of text feature space has become larger and larger, which has added a lot of difficulties to natural language processing. How to reduce the dimension has become a practical problem in the field. Here we present two clustering methods, i.e. concept association and concept abstract, to achieve the goal. The first refers to the keyword clustering based on the co occurrence of
文摘In order to explore the molecular mechanisms of children adrenal neuroblastoma,and screen biomarkers for early diagnosis of this disease,the comparative proteomics were done in this report.The total proteins in children adrenal neuroblastoma and adrenal control tissues were extracted separately and then separated by 2-DE individually.The protein spots were identified eventually by UPLC-HD-MS.In this research,18 difference proteins including stathmin 1 were found.
基金Project(20876180) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) of 2-alkyl-4-(biphenylylmethoxy) pyridine derivatives was studied.Three different alignment methods were used to get the models of the comparative molecular field analysis(CoMFA),the comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA),and the hologram quantitative structure?activity relationship(HQSAR).The statistical results from the established models show believable predictivity based on the cross-validated value(q2>0.5) and the non-validated value(r2>0.9),The analysis on contour maps of CoMFA and CoMSIA models suggests that hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond acceptor fields are important factors that affect the AT1 antagonistic activity of 2-alkyl-4-(biphenylylmethoxy) pyridine derivatives besides the steric and electrostatic fields,The structural modification information from different atom contributions in the HQSAR model is in agreement with that in the 3D-QSAR models.
基金Project(51276131)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZRZ0316)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,ChinaProject(2013070104010025)supported by the Morning Glory Project of Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau,China
文摘The mixing time of impact zone in liquid-continuous impinging streams reactor(LISR) is theoretically calculated by empirical model and modern micromixing model of the fluid mixing process, and the variation laws of macromixing time and micromixing time are quantitatively discussed. The results show that under a continuous and stable operating condition, as the paddle speed increases, the macromixing time and micromixing time calculated by the two models both decrease, even in a linkage equilibrium state. Simultaneously, as the paddle speed increases, the results figured by the two models tend to be consistent. It indicates that two models both are more suitable for calculation of mixing time in high paddle speed. Compared with the existing experimental results of this type of reactor, the mixing time computed in the speed of 1500 r/min is closer to it. These conclusions can provide an important reference for systematically studying the strengthening mechanism of LISR under continuous mixing conditions.
基金Projects(50978088,51039001,51178172,51009063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-08- 180) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education of China
文摘Assisted by framework of multimedia total exposure model for hazard waste sites(CalTOX),potential influences of scenario-uncertainty on multimedia health risk assessment(MHRA) and decision-making were quantitatively analyzed in a primary extent under the Chinese scenario case by deliberately varying the two key scenario-elements,namely conceptual exposure pathways combination and aim receptor cohorts choice.Results show that the independent change of one exposure pathway or receptor cohort could lead variation of MHRA results in the range of 3.6×10-6-1.4×10-5 or 6.7×10-6-2.3×10-5.And randomly simultaneous change of those two elements could lead variation of MHRA results at the range of 7.7×10-8-2.3×10-5.On the basis of the corresponding sensitivity analysis,pathways which made a valid contribution to the final modeling risk value occupied only 16.7% of all considered pathways.Afterwards,comparative analysis between influence of parameter-uncertainty and influence of scenario-uncertainty was made.In consideration of interrelationship among all types of uncertainties and financial reasonability during MHRA procedures,the integrated method how to optimize the entire procedures of MHRA was presented innovatively based on sensitivity analysis,scenario-discussion and nest Monte Carlo simulation or fuzzy mathematics.
基金Supported by the Fund of Science and Technology Research Project of the 12th Five-year Plan(2012BAD32B02-5)
文摘In order to improve the properties of rice straw fiber film, one factor contrast test method was employed. Plasticizer type was chosen as input variable, dry tension strength and elongation, wet tension strength and elongation, bursting strength and tearing strength were chosen as indexes. The results showed that there were significant differences among the means of dry tension strength, dry elongation and bursting strength of different plasticizers; there were not significant differences among the means of wet tension strength, wet elongation and tearing strength of different plasticizers; for dry tension strength and elongation, glycerol had a significant difference with sorbitol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between sorbitol and PEG, dry tension strength added glycerol had been reduced 6.8% compared with that added sorbitol, reduced 9.5% compared with that added PEG; elongation had been improved 6.1% and 9.4%, respectively; for bursting strength, sorbitol had a significant difference with glycerol and PEG, no significant difference was observed between glycerol and PEG; bursting strength added glycerol and added PEG had been improved 6.9% and 5.6%, respectively compared with that of the added sorbitol. The results provided a theoretical reference for further improving the straw fiber film manufacturing process.
