In order to get rid of the dependence on high-precision centrifuges in accelerometer nonlinear coefficients calibration,this paper proposes a system-level calibration method for field condition.Firstly,a 42-dimension ...In order to get rid of the dependence on high-precision centrifuges in accelerometer nonlinear coefficients calibration,this paper proposes a system-level calibration method for field condition.Firstly,a 42-dimension Kalman filter is constructed to reduce impact brought by turntable.Then,a biaxial rotation path is designed based on the accelerometer output model,including orthogonal 22 positions and tilt 12 positions,which enhances gravity excitation on nonlinear coefficients of accelerometer.Finally,sampling is carried out for calibration and further experiments.The results of static inertial navigation experiments lasting 4000 s show that compared with the traditional method,the proposed method reduces the position error by about 390 m.展开更多
Underground energy and resource development,deep underground energy storage and other projects involve the global stability of multiple interconnected cavern groups under internal and external dynamic disturbances.An ...Underground energy and resource development,deep underground energy storage and other projects involve the global stability of multiple interconnected cavern groups under internal and external dynamic disturbances.An evaluation method of the global stability coefficient of underground caverns based on static overload and dynamic overload was proposed.Firstly,the global failure criterion for caverns was defined based on its band connection of plastic-strain between multi-caverns.Then,overloading calculation of the boundary geostress and seismic intensity on the caverns model was carried out,and the critical unstable state of multi-caverns can be identified,if the plastic-strain band appeared between caverns during these overloading processes.Thus,the global stability coefficient for the multi-caverns under static loading and earthquake was obtained based on the corresponding overloading coefficient.Practical analysis for the Yingliangbao(YLB)hydraulic caverns indicated that this method can not only effectively obtain the global stability coefficient of caverns under static and dynamic earthquake conditions,but also identify the caverns’high-risk zone of local instability through localized plastic strain of surrounding rock.This study can provide some reference for the layout design and seismic optimization of underground cavern group.展开更多
3 degrees of freedom(DOF)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the directio...3 degrees of freedom(DOF)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the direction of velocity of center of mass.The expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble(random rotation)during flight.We forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and Mach number.Rotation or tumbling only affects the expected projected area.Models of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are presented.An examination of the data by Mc Cleskey(1988)indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected area.Hydrocode simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.展开更多
The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, e...The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, exploit and utilize on groundwater resource are provided rationally. According to the real condition of Sanjiang Plain, the indexes system is established based on the traditional DRASTIC model. The new system includes the following seven indexes： Depth of Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, Land Utilizing Ratio and Populace Density. The related analysis appears that the system is rather reasonable. Because traditional methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory, can＇t be avoided human interference in selection of weights, they could lead to an imprecise result. In order to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability reasonably, entropy weight coefficient method is applied for the first time, which provides a new way to groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The method is a model whose weights are insured by the calculation process, so the artificial disturb can be avoided. It has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in Sanjiang Plain. The satisfied result is acquired. Comparably, the same result is acquired by the other method named projection pursuit evaluation based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm. It shows that entropy weight coefficient method is applicable on groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The evaluation result can provide reference on the decision-making departments.展开更多
The problems of time delay estimation of narrowband signals are presented. The disadvantages of the existing algorithms are analyzed, and a new narrowband time delay estimating algorithm based on correlation coefficie...The problems of time delay estimation of narrowband signals are presented. The disadvantages of the existing algorithms are analyzed, and a new narrowband time delay estimating algorithm based on correlation coefficient is proposed. The original time delay information is transfered into the delay between the autocorrelation and cross-correlation function, and the precise estimating result by wave-comparison is given. The algorithm proposed here is also compared with other algorithms and its advantages over other algorithms are proved. The theoretical analysis and simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
The elevated supersaturation of total dissolved gas （TDG） downstream of a high-dam spill has deleterious effects on fish in a large range. A one-dimensional （l-D） longitudinal model is optimal for the prediction o...The elevated supersaturation of total dissolved gas （TDG） downstream of a high-dam spill has deleterious effects on fish in a large range. A one-dimensional （l-D） longitudinal model is optimal for the prediction of supersaturated TDG dissipation over a long distance. The key issue of the model is to determine the dissipation coefficient accurately. In agreement with field observations and experiment data, dimensional analysis and regression were performed to propose a formula for estimating the dissipation coefficient of supersaturated TDG in various rivers and reservoirs, and it involves the effects of the turbulence intensity, the hydro-pressure and the solid-liquid interface. The friction velocity, water depth, hydraulic radius and Froude number are independent variables in the formula which are easy to determine in practical applications. The 1-D longitudinal model is implemented to calculate the dissipation of TDG in a reach of the Jinsha River. Good agreement is found between the calculated results and field data for both the dissipation coefficient and the dissipation process.展开更多
To assess the water inflow which is more suitable to the actual conditions of tunnel,an empirical correlation about the permeability coefficient changing with depth is introduced.Supposing that the surrounding rock is...To assess the water inflow which is more suitable to the actual conditions of tunnel,an empirical correlation about the permeability coefficient changing with depth is introduced.Supposing that the surrounding rock is heterogeneous isotropy,the formula for calculating water inflow of tunnel with the nonlinear variation of permeability coefficient is deduced.By the contrast analysis with the existing formulas,the presented method has the similar value to them;moreover,the presented method has more simple form and easy to use.Due to parameter analysis,the water inflow decreases after considering the nonlinear variation of permeability coefficient.When the attenuation coefficient a>0,the water inflow increases first till reaches the maximum at a certain depth,then decreases and is close to 0 finally if deep enough.Thus,it is better to keep away from the certain depth where it is with the maximum water inflow for safe operation and economical construction,and reduce the water damage.Based on the analysis,the radius of tunnel has less impact on the amount of water inflow,and the water inflow just increases by 6.7% when the radius of tunnel increases by 1 m.展开更多
The contact resistance between the armature and rails is an important indicator of the contact characteristics in electromagnetic launches.As the contact resistance depends not only on the contact state but also on th...The contact resistance between the armature and rails is an important indicator of the contact characteristics in electromagnetic launches.As the contact resistance depends not only on the contact state but also on the contact stress and temperature,there are some limitations in analyzing the contact characteristics using only the contact resistance.In this paper,the contact characteristics of the augmented railgun are analyzed by the combination of contact resistance and sliding friction coefficient.Firstly,the theoretical calculation model of the contact resistance and friction coefficient of the augmented electromagnetic railgun is established.Then the contact resistance and friction coefficient are calculated by the measured values of the muzzle voltage,rail current and armature displacement.Finally,the contact characteristics are analyzed according to the features of the waveforms of the contact resistance and the friction coefficient,and the analysis conclusions are verified by experimental rail images.The results showed that:the aluminum melt film gradually formed on the contact surface reduces the contact resistance and the friction coefficient;the wear and erosion of the armature cause deterioration of the contact state;after the transition,the reliability of the sliding contact between the armature and rails decreases,resulting in an increase in contact resistance.展开更多
The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper...The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.展开更多
The luminance in the road tunnel threshold zone attracts broad attention due to its enormous energy consumption and direct influence on tunnel transportation security.Current lighting design methods in threshold zones...The luminance in the road tunnel threshold zone attracts broad attention due to its enormous energy consumption and direct influence on tunnel transportation security.Current lighting design methods in threshold zones mostly adopt the reduction coefficient method.However,the determination of reduction coefficient k simply considers tunnel design speed and flow rate,while excluding outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance,which have a major impact on driver visual adaptation.Existing problems in the determination of k value are analyzed;a visual performance experiment is utilized;and the reaction time of drivers in changeable outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance conditions is obtained;thus,the equations concerning reduction coefficient variation law are derived.In the end,a comparative analysis is made of the k values of the reduction coefficient stipulated by various norms under different color temperature conditions.展开更多
Aiming at the demand for optimization of hydrodynamic coefficients in submarine's motion equations,an adaptive weight immune genetic algorithm was proposed to optimize hydrodynamic coefficients in motion equations...Aiming at the demand for optimization of hydrodynamic coefficients in submarine's motion equations,an adaptive weight immune genetic algorithm was proposed to optimize hydrodynamic coefficients in motion equations.Some hydrodynamic coefficients of high sensitivity to control and maneuver were chosen as the optimization objects in the algorithm.By using adaptive weight method to determine the weight and target function,the multi-objective optimization could be translated into single-objective optimization.For a certain kind of submarine,three typical maneuvers were chosen to be the objects of study:overshoot maneuver in horizontal plane,overshoot maneuver in vertical plane and turning circle maneuver in horizontal plane.From the results of computer simulations using primal hydrodynamic coefficient and optimized hydrodynamic coefficient,the efficiency of proposed method is proved.展开更多
Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the ...Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the length to width, stem girth, dates of budding, leaf yield and ratio of the prime-medium tobacco. The leaf number and the central leaf length showed a positive or a strong positive correlation with the yield per plant. And the leaf number and leaf yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of prime-medium tobacco. The results showed that the leaf yield per plant among these characteristics played a major role in determining the ratio of prime-medium tobacco while the others were less related with the ratio. Square sum of deviation method cluster analyses showed that 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco were clustered into two groups. Of the pure lines, Line T1706 and Line T1245 had a far relationship with all other lines, and also had a heterosis when crossed with the other lines. Lines Guangdonghuang 1 and R72（3）B-2-1 were closely related.展开更多
In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights ...In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.展开更多
Saturator is one of the core components of humid air turbine （HAT） and is the main feature of HAT making it different from other gas turbine cycles. Due to the lack of sufficient experience in commercial plant opera...Saturator is one of the core components of humid air turbine （HAT） and is the main feature of HAT making it different from other gas turbine cycles. Due to the lack of sufficient experience in commercial plant operation, HAT cycle has a great demand for modeling and simulation of the system and its components, especially the saturator, to provide reference for system design and optimization. The conventional saturator models are usually based on the theory of heat and mass transfer, which need two accurate coefficients to ensure convincing results. This work proposes a global heat and mass transfer coefficient based on cooling tower technology to model the saturator in small-scale HAT cycle. Compared with the experimental data, the simulation results show that the proposed model well predicts the dynamic humidity and temperature distribution characteristics of saturator at low air pressure and temperature.展开更多
In order to eliminate the settlement underestimation in surcharge preload engineering, a study based on Bjerrum's creep diagram and the tangent slope definition of secondary consolidation coefficient was carried o...In order to eliminate the settlement underestimation in surcharge preload engineering, a study based on Bjerrum's creep diagram and the tangent slope definition of secondary consolidation coefficient was carried out to analyze the time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil, and a time–growth model for it was formulated. As Bjerrum's creep diagram is an idealized model, oedometer tests were performed to improve the above time–growth model of secondary consolidation coefficient for the purpose of achieving a better agreement with the actual ground situations. It is found that secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil not only decreases with the ratio of historical maximum to current effective stress of soil(OCR), but also increases with the development time of secondary consolidation. No matter how large OCR is, the long-term time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil is all significant. Based on the above results, a model for settlement estimation was formulated and a case study to estimate it indicates that the settlement estimated by our method is 2–5 times larger than that estimated by the previous method. Moreover, the larger the OCR is as well as the longer the service life is, the larger the difference between our method and the previous method is. Thus, the post-construction secondary settlement in surcharge preload engineering will be underestimated when neglecting the time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient in over consolidated state.展开更多
The electromagnetic detection satellite （EDS） is a type of earth observation satellites （EOSs）. The Information collected by EDSs plays an important role in some fields, such as industry, science and military. The...The electromagnetic detection satellite （EDS） is a type of earth observation satellites （EOSs）. The Information collected by EDSs plays an important role in some fields, such as industry, science and military. The scheduling of EDSs is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Current research mainly focuses on the scheduling of imaging satellites and SAR satellites, but little work has been done on the scheduling of EDSs for its specific characteristics. A multi-satellite scheduling model is established, in which the specific constrains of EDSs are considered, then a scheduling algorithm based on the genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed. To deal with the specific constrains of EDSs, a penalty function method is introduced. However, it is hard to determine the appropriate penalty coefficient in the penalty function. Therefore, an adaptive adjustment mechanism of the penalty coefficient is designed to solve the problem, as well as improve the scheduling results. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the correctness and practicability of the proposed scheduling algorithm.展开更多
To analyze the dynamic response and reliability of a continuous beam bridge under the action of an extra heavy vehicle, a vehicle–bridge coupled vibration model was established based on the virtual work principle and...To analyze the dynamic response and reliability of a continuous beam bridge under the action of an extra heavy vehicle, a vehicle–bridge coupled vibration model was established based on the virtual work principle and vehicle–bridge displacement compatibility equation, which can accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge. Results show that deck roughness has an important function in the effect of the vehicle on the bridge. When an extra heavy vehicle passes through the continuous beam bridge at a low speed of 5 km/h, the impact coefficient reaches a high value, which should not be disregarded in bridge safety assessments. Considering that no specific law exists between the impact coefficient and vehicle speed, vehicle speed should not be unduly limited and deck roughness repairing should be paid considerable attention. Deck roughness has a significant influence on the reliability index, which decreases as deck roughness increases. For the continuous beam bridge in this work, the reliability index of each control section is greater than the minimum reliability index. No reinforcement measures are required for over-sized transport.展开更多
Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electricdrive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and st...Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electricdrive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and stability of the vehicle,it is crucial to control it and coordinate the driving force.With this aim,this paper presents a driving force coordination control strategy with road identification for eight-wheeled electric vehicles equipped with an in-wheel motor for each wheel.In the proposed control strategy,the road identification module estimates tire-road forces using an unscented Kalman filter al-gorithm and recognizes the road adhesion coefficient by employing the recursive least-square method According to road identification,the optimal sip ratio under the current driving condition is obtainedand a controller based on sliding mode control with a conditional integrator uses this value for accel-eration slip regulation.The anti-slip controller obtains the adjusting torque,which is integrated with the driver-command-based feedforward control torque to implement driving force coordination control.The results of hardware-in-loop simulation show that this control strategy can accurately estimate tire-roadrces as well as the friction coefficient,and thus,can effectively fulfill the purpose of driving force coordinated control under different driving conditions.展开更多
In order to obtain the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) at higher consolidation pressures during secondary compression, a series of K0 tests for saturated reconstituted clay were conducted. The results indicate...In order to obtain the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) at higher consolidation pressures during secondary compression, a series of K0 tests for saturated reconstituted clay were conducted. The results indicate that the measured K0 in secondary compression can be described by equations related to internal friction angle, secondary compression coefficient, compression index, recompression index, and sediment time. Effects of consolidation pressures and sediment time on K0 during secondary compression can be attributed to cementation (part of cohesion) increase and internal friction angle decrease. Cementation increase leads to nonlinear variation for K0 and internal friction angle decrease results in increase of K0. K0 computed by equations associated with internal friction angle is overestimated at apparent lower consolidation pressures with different sediment time, which agrees with the measured values well at apparent higher consolidation pressures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42276199).
文摘In order to get rid of the dependence on high-precision centrifuges in accelerometer nonlinear coefficients calibration,this paper proposes a system-level calibration method for field condition.Firstly,a 42-dimension Kalman filter is constructed to reduce impact brought by turntable.Then,a biaxial rotation path is designed based on the accelerometer output model,including orthogonal 22 positions and tilt 12 positions,which enhances gravity excitation on nonlinear coefficients of accelerometer.Finally,sampling is carried out for calibration and further experiments.The results of static inertial navigation experiments lasting 4000 s show that compared with the traditional method,the proposed method reduces the position error by about 390 m.
基金Project(2023YFC2907204)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(52325905)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(DJ-HXGG-2023-16)supported by the Key Technology Research Projects of Power China。
文摘Underground energy and resource development,deep underground energy storage and other projects involve the global stability of multiple interconnected cavern groups under internal and external dynamic disturbances.An evaluation method of the global stability coefficient of underground caverns based on static overload and dynamic overload was proposed.Firstly,the global failure criterion for caverns was defined based on its band connection of plastic-strain between multi-caverns.Then,overloading calculation of the boundary geostress and seismic intensity on the caverns model was carried out,and the critical unstable state of multi-caverns can be identified,if the plastic-strain band appeared between caverns during these overloading processes.Thus,the global stability coefficient for the multi-caverns under static loading and earthquake was obtained based on the corresponding overloading coefficient.Practical analysis for the Yingliangbao(YLB)hydraulic caverns indicated that this method can not only effectively obtain the global stability coefficient of caverns under static and dynamic earthquake conditions,but also identify the caverns’high-risk zone of local instability through localized plastic strain of surrounding rock.This study can provide some reference for the layout design and seismic optimization of underground cavern group.
文摘3 degrees of freedom(DOF)exterior ballistic computer models are used in fragment studies to calculate individual trajectories of each fragment based on drag coefficient and the projected(presented)area in the direction of velocity of center of mass.The expectation of a randomly distributed projected area is commonly used for fragments that tumble(random rotation)during flight.We forecast a model where the expected drag coefficient is dependent of shape and Mach number.Rotation or tumbling only affects the expected projected area.Models of projected areas during tumbling and rotation are presented.An examination of the data by Mc Cleskey(1988)indicates that the volume of the fragment to the power of2/3 is a better parameter to characterize the drag coefficient of the fragments than the maximum projected area.Hydrocode simulations are used to verify results and to study projected area and drag coefficient of fragments.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30400275)the Tackle Key Problems of Heilongjiang Province(the Hobbledehoy Science Fund of Heilongjiang Province)(QC04C28)
文摘The research of groundwater vulnerability is the basic work to protect the groundwater. For utilizing groundwater resource continuably, groundwater vulnerability evaluation is necessary. Useful reference to protect, exploit and utilize on groundwater resource are provided rationally. According to the real condition of Sanjiang Plain, the indexes system is established based on the traditional DRASTIC model. The new system includes the following seven indexes： Depth of Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, Land Utilizing Ratio and Populace Density. The related analysis appears that the system is rather reasonable. Because traditional methods, such as analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics theory, can＇t be avoided human interference in selection of weights, they could lead to an imprecise result. In order to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability reasonably, entropy weight coefficient method is applied for the first time, which provides a new way to groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The method is a model whose weights are insured by the calculation process, so the artificial disturb can be avoided. It has been used to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability in Sanjiang Plain. The satisfied result is acquired. Comparably, the same result is acquired by the other method named projection pursuit evaluation based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm. It shows that entropy weight coefficient method is applicable on groundwater vulnerability evaluation. The evaluation result can provide reference on the decision-making departments.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6037208130570475)the Education Ministry Doctoral Degree Foundation of China(20050141025).
文摘The problems of time delay estimation of narrowband signals are presented. The disadvantages of the existing algorithms are analyzed, and a new narrowband time delay estimating algorithm based on correlation coefficient is proposed. The original time delay information is transfered into the delay between the autocorrelation and cross-correlation function, and the precise estimating result by wave-comparison is given. The algorithm proposed here is also compared with other algorithms and its advantages over other algorithms are proved. The theoretical analysis and simulation show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金Projects(51179111,51279115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20110181110073)supported by the Doctoral Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘The elevated supersaturation of total dissolved gas （TDG） downstream of a high-dam spill has deleterious effects on fish in a large range. A one-dimensional （l-D） longitudinal model is optimal for the prediction of supersaturated TDG dissipation over a long distance. The key issue of the model is to determine the dissipation coefficient accurately. In agreement with field observations and experiment data, dimensional analysis and regression were performed to propose a formula for estimating the dissipation coefficient of supersaturated TDG in various rivers and reservoirs, and it involves the effects of the turbulence intensity, the hydro-pressure and the solid-liquid interface. The friction velocity, water depth, hydraulic radius and Froude number are independent variables in the formula which are easy to determine in practical applications. The 1-D longitudinal model is implemented to calculate the dissipation of TDG in a reach of the Jinsha River. Good agreement is found between the calculated results and field data for both the dissipation coefficient and the dissipation process.
基金Projects(51478477,51508562,51508563)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To assess the water inflow which is more suitable to the actual conditions of tunnel,an empirical correlation about the permeability coefficient changing with depth is introduced.Supposing that the surrounding rock is heterogeneous isotropy,the formula for calculating water inflow of tunnel with the nonlinear variation of permeability coefficient is deduced.By the contrast analysis with the existing formulas,the presented method has the similar value to them;moreover,the presented method has more simple form and easy to use.Due to parameter analysis,the water inflow decreases after considering the nonlinear variation of permeability coefficient.When the attenuation coefficient a>0,the water inflow increases first till reaches the maximum at a certain depth,then decreases and is close to 0 finally if deep enough.Thus,it is better to keep away from the certain depth where it is with the maximum water inflow for safe operation and economical construction,and reduce the water damage.Based on the analysis,the radius of tunnel has less impact on the amount of water inflow,and the water inflow just increases by 6.7% when the radius of tunnel increases by 1 m.
文摘The contact resistance between the armature and rails is an important indicator of the contact characteristics in electromagnetic launches.As the contact resistance depends not only on the contact state but also on the contact stress and temperature,there are some limitations in analyzing the contact characteristics using only the contact resistance.In this paper,the contact characteristics of the augmented railgun are analyzed by the combination of contact resistance and sliding friction coefficient.Firstly,the theoretical calculation model of the contact resistance and friction coefficient of the augmented electromagnetic railgun is established.Then the contact resistance and friction coefficient are calculated by the measured values of the muzzle voltage,rail current and armature displacement.Finally,the contact characteristics are analyzed according to the features of the waveforms of the contact resistance and the friction coefficient,and the analysis conclusions are verified by experimental rail images.The results showed that:the aluminum melt film gradually formed on the contact surface reduces the contact resistance and the friction coefficient;the wear and erosion of the armature cause deterioration of the contact state;after the transition,the reliability of the sliding contact between the armature and rails decreases,resulting in an increase in contact resistance.
基金Projects(51504286,51374242)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015M572270)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2015RS4004)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province,China
文摘The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.
基金Project(51278507)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(cstc2017jcyjAX0346)supported by Chongqing Association for Science and Technology,China
文摘The luminance in the road tunnel threshold zone attracts broad attention due to its enormous energy consumption and direct influence on tunnel transportation security.Current lighting design methods in threshold zones mostly adopt the reduction coefficient method.However,the determination of reduction coefficient k simply considers tunnel design speed and flow rate,while excluding outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance,which have a major impact on driver visual adaptation.Existing problems in the determination of k value are analyzed;a visual performance experiment is utilized;and the reaction time of drivers in changeable outside tunnel luminance and threshold zone color temperature and luminance conditions is obtained;thus,the equations concerning reduction coefficient variation law are derived.In the end,a comparative analysis is made of the k values of the reduction coefficient stipulated by various norms under different color temperature conditions.
文摘Aiming at the demand for optimization of hydrodynamic coefficients in submarine's motion equations,an adaptive weight immune genetic algorithm was proposed to optimize hydrodynamic coefficients in motion equations.Some hydrodynamic coefficients of high sensitivity to control and maneuver were chosen as the optimization objects in the algorithm.By using adaptive weight method to determine the weight and target function,the multi-objective optimization could be translated into single-objective optimization.For a certain kind of submarine,three typical maneuvers were chosen to be the objects of study:overshoot maneuver in horizontal plane,overshoot maneuver in vertical plane and turning circle maneuver in horizontal plane.From the results of computer simulations using primal hydrodynamic coefficient and optimized hydrodynamic coefficient,the efficiency of proposed method is proved.
基金Supported by Platform Construction for Germplasm Resources of China Tobacco (2007, 152)
文摘Correlation and path coefficient analyses were conducted for 10 characteristics of 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco such as plant height, knot distance, leaf number, the central leaf length and width, ratio of the length to width, stem girth, dates of budding, leaf yield and ratio of the prime-medium tobacco. The leaf number and the central leaf length showed a positive or a strong positive correlation with the yield per plant. And the leaf number and leaf yield per plant showed a strong positive correlation with the ratio of prime-medium tobacco. The results showed that the leaf yield per plant among these characteristics played a major role in determining the ratio of prime-medium tobacco while the others were less related with the ratio. Square sum of deviation method cluster analyses showed that 24 pure lines of flue-cured tobacco were clustered into two groups. Of the pure lines, Line T1706 and Line T1245 had a far relationship with all other lines, and also had a heterosis when crossed with the other lines. Lines Guangdonghuang 1 and R72（3）B-2-1 were closely related.
文摘In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.
基金Project(2017YFB0903300)supported by National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(2016M601593)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Saturator is one of the core components of humid air turbine （HAT） and is the main feature of HAT making it different from other gas turbine cycles. Due to the lack of sufficient experience in commercial plant operation, HAT cycle has a great demand for modeling and simulation of the system and its components, especially the saturator, to provide reference for system design and optimization. The conventional saturator models are usually based on the theory of heat and mass transfer, which need two accurate coefficients to ensure convincing results. This work proposes a global heat and mass transfer coefficient based on cooling tower technology to model the saturator in small-scale HAT cycle. Compared with the experimental data, the simulation results show that the proposed model well predicts the dynamic humidity and temperature distribution characteristics of saturator at low air pressure and temperature.
基金Project(51178419)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to eliminate the settlement underestimation in surcharge preload engineering, a study based on Bjerrum's creep diagram and the tangent slope definition of secondary consolidation coefficient was carried out to analyze the time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil, and a time–growth model for it was formulated. As Bjerrum's creep diagram is an idealized model, oedometer tests were performed to improve the above time–growth model of secondary consolidation coefficient for the purpose of achieving a better agreement with the actual ground situations. It is found that secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil not only decreases with the ratio of historical maximum to current effective stress of soil(OCR), but also increases with the development time of secondary consolidation. No matter how large OCR is, the long-term time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient of over consolidated soil is all significant. Based on the above results, a model for settlement estimation was formulated and a case study to estimate it indicates that the settlement estimated by our method is 2–5 times larger than that estimated by the previous method. Moreover, the larger the OCR is as well as the longer the service life is, the larger the difference between our method and the previous method is. Thus, the post-construction secondary settlement in surcharge preload engineering will be underestimated when neglecting the time effect of secondary consolidation coefficient in over consolidated state.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6110118461174159)
文摘The electromagnetic detection satellite （EDS） is a type of earth observation satellites （EOSs）. The Information collected by EDSs plays an important role in some fields, such as industry, science and military. The scheduling of EDSs is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Current research mainly focuses on the scheduling of imaging satellites and SAR satellites, but little work has been done on the scheduling of EDSs for its specific characteristics. A multi-satellite scheduling model is established, in which the specific constrains of EDSs are considered, then a scheduling algorithm based on the genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed. To deal with the specific constrains of EDSs, a penalty function method is introduced. However, it is hard to determine the appropriate penalty coefficient in the penalty function. Therefore, an adaptive adjustment mechanism of the penalty coefficient is designed to solve the problem, as well as improve the scheduling results. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the correctness and practicability of the proposed scheduling algorithm.
基金Project(50779032)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20090451330)supported by the Postdoctoral Foundation of ChinaProject(BS2013SF007)supported by Shandong Scientific Research Award Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists,China
文摘To analyze the dynamic response and reliability of a continuous beam bridge under the action of an extra heavy vehicle, a vehicle–bridge coupled vibration model was established based on the virtual work principle and vehicle–bridge displacement compatibility equation, which can accurately simulate the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge. Results show that deck roughness has an important function in the effect of the vehicle on the bridge. When an extra heavy vehicle passes through the continuous beam bridge at a low speed of 5 km/h, the impact coefficient reaches a high value, which should not be disregarded in bridge safety assessments. Considering that no specific law exists between the impact coefficient and vehicle speed, vehicle speed should not be unduly limited and deck roughness repairing should be paid considerable attention. Deck roughness has a significant influence on the reliability index, which decreases as deck roughness increases. For the continuous beam bridge in this work, the reliability index of each control section is greater than the minimum reliability index. No reinforcement measures are required for over-sized transport.
基金This work was supported by the Weapons and Equipment Pre-Research Project of China(No.301051102).
文摘Because of the complexities of tire-road interaction,the wheels of a multi-wheel distributed electricdrive vehicle can easily slip under certain working conditions.As wheel slip affects the dynamic per-formance and stability of the vehicle,it is crucial to control it and coordinate the driving force.With this aim,this paper presents a driving force coordination control strategy with road identification for eight-wheeled electric vehicles equipped with an in-wheel motor for each wheel.In the proposed control strategy,the road identification module estimates tire-road forces using an unscented Kalman filter al-gorithm and recognizes the road adhesion coefficient by employing the recursive least-square method According to road identification,the optimal sip ratio under the current driving condition is obtainedand a controller based on sliding mode control with a conditional integrator uses this value for accel-eration slip regulation.The anti-slip controller obtains the adjusting torque,which is integrated with the driver-command-based feedforward control torque to implement driving force coordination control.The results of hardware-in-loop simulation show that this control strategy can accurately estimate tire-roadrces as well as the friction coefficient,and thus,can effectively fulfill the purpose of driving force coordinated control under different driving conditions.
基金Projects(50534040, 50974117) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20110491489) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2011QNA03) supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, China
文摘In order to obtain the earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) at higher consolidation pressures during secondary compression, a series of K0 tests for saturated reconstituted clay were conducted. The results indicate that the measured K0 in secondary compression can be described by equations related to internal friction angle, secondary compression coefficient, compression index, recompression index, and sediment time. Effects of consolidation pressures and sediment time on K0 during secondary compression can be attributed to cementation (part of cohesion) increase and internal friction angle decrease. Cementation increase leads to nonlinear variation for K0 and internal friction angle decrease results in increase of K0. K0 computed by equations associated with internal friction angle is overestimated at apparent lower consolidation pressures with different sediment time, which agrees with the measured values well at apparent higher consolidation pressures.
