Confounding effect is a critical issue in clinical research of otolaryngology because it can distort the research's conclusion. In this review, we introduce the definition of confounding effect, the methods of ver...Confounding effect is a critical issue in clinical research of otolaryngology because it can distort the research's conclusion. In this review, we introduce the definition of confounding effect, the methods of verifying and controlling the effect. Confounding effect can be prevented by research's design, and adjusted by data analysis. Clinicians would be aware and cautious about confounding effect in their research. They would be able to set up a research's design in which appropriate methods have been applied to prevent this effect.They would know how to adjust confounding effect after data collection. It is important to remember that sometimes it is impossible to eliminate confounding effect completely, and statistical method is not a master key. Solid research knowledge and critical thinking of our brain are the most important in controlling confounding effect.展开更多
目的:分析关节镜下关节腔清理配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年3月至2024年5月期间在本院接受治疗的30例膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象。采用单双数球抽签法将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各15例。对照组采...目的:分析关节镜下关节腔清理配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年3月至2024年5月期间在本院接受治疗的30例膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象。采用单双数球抽签法将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各15例。对照组采用关节镜下关节腔清理治疗;观察组在对照组的基础上配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗。分析对比两组的症状严重程度[日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)]、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评分]、关节功能[膝关节Lysholm评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分法(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)]及生活质量[汉化版36项健康调查简表(36-item Short Form Health Survey,SF-36)]。结果:治疗后,两组肿胀、活动度、步行疼痛以及上下楼疼痛各项JOA评分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组的JOA评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,两组的VAS评分均比术前明显降低,且观察组的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6 m,两组的Lysholm评分、HSS评分和SF-36评分均比术前明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对膝骨关节炎患者采取关节镜下关节腔清理配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗,能缓解膝骨关节炎患者的关节疼痛,减轻临床症状,改善患者膝关节功能,提高生活质量。展开更多
文摘Confounding effect is a critical issue in clinical research of otolaryngology because it can distort the research's conclusion. In this review, we introduce the definition of confounding effect, the methods of verifying and controlling the effect. Confounding effect can be prevented by research's design, and adjusted by data analysis. Clinicians would be aware and cautious about confounding effect in their research. They would be able to set up a research's design in which appropriate methods have been applied to prevent this effect.They would know how to adjust confounding effect after data collection. It is important to remember that sometimes it is impossible to eliminate confounding effect completely, and statistical method is not a master key. Solid research knowledge and critical thinking of our brain are the most important in controlling confounding effect.
文摘目的:分析关节镜下关节腔清理配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:选取2022年3月至2024年5月期间在本院接受治疗的30例膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象。采用单双数球抽签法将患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各15例。对照组采用关节镜下关节腔清理治疗;观察组在对照组的基础上配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗。分析对比两组的症状严重程度[日本骨科协会评估治疗分数(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)]、疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评分]、关节功能[膝关节Lysholm评分、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分法(Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)]及生活质量[汉化版36项健康调查简表(36-item Short Form Health Survey,SF-36)]。结果:治疗后,两组肿胀、活动度、步行疼痛以及上下楼疼痛各项JOA评分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组的JOA评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后,两组的VAS评分均比术前明显降低,且观察组的VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6 m,两组的Lysholm评分、HSS评分和SF-36评分均比术前明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对膝骨关节炎患者采取关节镜下关节腔清理配合腓骨高位截骨术治疗,能缓解膝骨关节炎患者的关节疼痛,减轻临床症状,改善患者膝关节功能,提高生活质量。
