Over the past decade the world banking industry has grown significantly and this has led to increasing sophistication and complexity in its practices.The industry has been affected by changes in the way in which it is...Over the past decade the world banking industry has grown significantly and this has led to increasing sophistication and complexity in its practices.The industry has been affected by changes in the way in which it is regulated and supervised,by changes in the nature of its products,by the way in which individual bank manages its own affairs and controls its assets and by the way in which it accounts to the outside world for its activities.These changes have probably been of more significance than those experienced in any other industry over the past few years.Hong Kong which is one of the foremost financial centres of the world,has experienced all of these changes,probably to a greater extent than most other parts of the world.Hong Kong is one of the world’s major international banking centres and has a thriving domestic banking community.There is a need to review our banking practices and their accounting and auditing implications.The BCCI and BCCHK events happened in mid—1991 should trigger us to further reassess the role of auditor(both external and internal)in this ever changing and fast moving industry in co—operation with local authorities such as the Banking Commission,Department of Monetary Affairs and Security Commission.A number of investigations and articles on the role of bank auditors have been done and written,these include the study of challenges faced by bank auditors in today’s environment (Seidman,1987),the examination of the changing role of the bank audit committee(Haugh and Bradley,1987)and new risks faced by bank auditors (Clark,1987).In this paper,we will try to identify some of the common problems which might have caused the banking crisis.We will examine the role of auditor and try to establish the responsibilities of auditor when performing an audit task in a banking environment with the view to reducing the chance of the crisis happening again,if not eliminated completely.The regulatory body will still be the Banking Commission,while auditor will assume a supporting role in the banking monitoring and reguatory functions.展开更多
目的:探讨B细胞特异性衔接蛋白BANK(B cell adoptor protein with ankyrin repeats)在小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)中的作用。方法:MOG35-55多肽免疫C57BL/6鼠和BANK缺陷(BANK-deficie...目的:探讨B细胞特异性衔接蛋白BANK(B cell adoptor protein with ankyrin repeats)在小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)中的作用。方法:MOG35-55多肽免疫C57BL/6鼠和BANK缺陷(BANK-deficient,BANK-/-)鼠制备EAE模型,观察实验动物临床症状及中枢神经系统的病理学变化;提取小鼠脑组织及脾脏,经流式细胞术检测中枢神经系统及外周免疫器官中的CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞及调节性T细胞的变化。结果:BANK-/-鼠EAE临床症状评分明显高于C57BL/6鼠,且体重减轻明显(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,BANK-/-鼠较C57BL/6鼠炎症感染灶明显增多。流式细胞术结果显示,相对于C57BL/6鼠BANK-/-鼠中枢神经系统中CD8+T细胞百分比明显增多,而脾脏中调节性T细胞百分比明显减少,CD4/CD8比值倒置(P<0.05)。结论:B细胞衔接蛋白BANK的表达抑制EAE炎症反应。展开更多
The principle of uniform DFT filter bank is presented. Exploiting poly-phase structure, radar jamming system samples the intercepted wideband radar signals through analysis filter bank by different channels and linear...The principle of uniform DFT filter bank is presented. Exploiting poly-phase structure, radar jamming system samples the intercepted wideband radar signals through analysis filter bank by different channels and linearly modulates the intercepted radar signal according to the theory of signal and system, then synthesizes the jamming signal through the synthesis filter hank. The method merely requires lower sample frequency, reduces the computational complexity and the data quantity to be processed. The un-ideal filter＇s influence to the result of signals processing is analyzed by simulating the match filter in radar jamming system.展开更多
Perceptual auditory filter banks such as Bark-scale filter bank are widely used as front-end processing in speech recognition systems.However,the problem of the design of optimized filter banks that provide higher acc...Perceptual auditory filter banks such as Bark-scale filter bank are widely used as front-end processing in speech recognition systems.However,the problem of the design of optimized filter banks that provide higher accuracy in recognition tasks is still open.Owing to spectral analysis in feature extraction,an adaptive bands filter bank (ABFB) is presented.The design adopts flexible bandwidths and center frequencies for the frequency responses of the filters and utilizes genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the design parameters.The optimization process is realized by combining the front-end filter bank with the back-end recognition network in the performance evaluation loop.The deployment of ABFB together with zero-crossing peak amplitude (ZCPA) feature as a front process for radial basis function (RBF) system shows significant improvement in robustness compared with the Bark-scale filter bank.In ABFB,several sub-bands are still more concentrated toward lower frequency but their exact locations are determined by the performance rather than the perceptual criteria.For the ease of optimization,only symmetrical bands are considered here,which still provide satisfactory results.展开更多
Based on the study of the slope with gently granular structure in Xingqiao open mine, a new safety cleaning bank mode for steep slope mining was developed, including setting up dint cut, and forming natural retaining ...Based on the study of the slope with gently granular structure in Xingqiao open mine, a new safety cleaning bank mode for steep slope mining was developed, including setting up dint cut, and forming natural retaining wall based on the character of gentle incline slope. It can effectively eliminate the impact of sliding body on the bottom working place and slope body, reduce the dilution of ore, keep rainwater from upper steps away, decrease influence of the weak intermediate layer, and cut cost of disposal waste rock. The safety and reliability of the mode were analyzed and verified from 3 aspects: static load calculation, ANSYS simulation of dynamic loading and spot experiment. The result of static loading calculation shows that the retaining wall can support accumulation and extrusion of granular body, and the glide or overturn disaster will not take place. The simulations of dynamic loading show that the retaining wall remains stable until sliding body collapses from 360 m (10 sublevels). Only one new safety cleaning bank in each 15 sublevels can fully meet the need of engineering. The new mode sustains steep slope (mining,) increases the angle of ultimate slope, and reduces invalid overburden amount of rock by 3%5%. The result of spot experiment has verified the exactness of the above calculations and simulations.展开更多
With the development of power systems,a large number of shunt capacitors are used to improve power quality in the distribution network.The shunt capacitor banks are operated much frequently,as a result,the capacitor b...With the development of power systems,a large number of shunt capacitors are used to improve power quality in the distribution network.The shunt capacitor banks are operated much frequently,as a result,the capacitor banks will bear large numbers of over-voltage inevitably.If the over-voltage exceeds certain amplitude,the capacitor will be damaged.This paper aims at the capacitor banks in the 35 kV side of Shanghai Xu-xing 500 kV substation,and applies ATP-EMTP to simulate the over-voltages generated by operating the switches under different angles of the source.Finally,according to the results of simulation and theoretical analysis,a best choice(i.e.angles of the source) to switch on capacitor banks is proposed.In this case the over-voltage on the capacitor will be limited to lowest.展开更多
As a new mode to offer finance support in rural areas, the establishment of rural banks provide not only service and support for the agricultural development and rural economy, but also solutions to the issue of long-...As a new mode to offer finance support in rural areas, the establishment of rural banks provide not only service and support for the agricultural development and rural economy, but also solutions to the issue of long-standing fund shortage and poverty in China. However, there are still a lot of problems that restrict the development of rural banks, such as unreasonable property right, unsound system of management as well as rural social credit, lacking of high-quality employees, innovation, policy support, supervision system, social awareness. Therefore, the analytic hierarchy process was employed in the current study with the aim of figuring out the essential factors which restricted the development of rural banks from two aspects of internal factors and external factors, furthermore, relevant suggestions were put forward.展开更多
This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, lo...This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, loan for farmers, loan for enterprises and the construction of network, then came to the conclusion that, if the village banks＇ health development can realize, they must pay attention to innovating in loan patterns as well as material loan and starting out the network development.展开更多
Multi-carrier faster-than-Nyquist(MFTN)can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE).In this paper,we first analyze the benefit of time frequency packing MFTN(TFP-MFTN).Then,we propose an efficient digital implementation fo...Multi-carrier faster-than-Nyquist(MFTN)can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE).In this paper,we first analyze the benefit of time frequency packing MFTN(TFP-MFTN).Then,we propose an efficient digital implementation for TFP-MFTN based on filter bank multicarrier modulation.The time frequency packing ratio pair in our proposed implementation scheme is optimized with the SE criterion.Next,the joint optimization for the coded modulation MFTN based on extrinsic information transfer(EXIT)chart is performed.The Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to verify performance gain of the joint inner and outer code optimization.Simulation results demonstrate that the TFPMFTN has a 0.8 dB and 0.9 dB gain comparing to time packing MFTN(TP-MFTN)and higher order Nyquist at same SE,respectively;the TFP-MFTN with optimized low density parity check(LDPC)code has a 2.9 dB gain comparing to that with digital video broadcasting(DVB)LDPC.Compared with previous work on TFP-MFTN(SE=1.55 bit/s/Hz),the SE of our work is improved by 29%and our work has a 4.1 dB gain at BER=1×10^(-5).展开更多
文摘Over the past decade the world banking industry has grown significantly and this has led to increasing sophistication and complexity in its practices.The industry has been affected by changes in the way in which it is regulated and supervised,by changes in the nature of its products,by the way in which individual bank manages its own affairs and controls its assets and by the way in which it accounts to the outside world for its activities.These changes have probably been of more significance than those experienced in any other industry over the past few years.Hong Kong which is one of the foremost financial centres of the world,has experienced all of these changes,probably to a greater extent than most other parts of the world.Hong Kong is one of the world’s major international banking centres and has a thriving domestic banking community.There is a need to review our banking practices and their accounting and auditing implications.The BCCI and BCCHK events happened in mid—1991 should trigger us to further reassess the role of auditor(both external and internal)in this ever changing and fast moving industry in co—operation with local authorities such as the Banking Commission,Department of Monetary Affairs and Security Commission.A number of investigations and articles on the role of bank auditors have been done and written,these include the study of challenges faced by bank auditors in today’s environment (Seidman,1987),the examination of the changing role of the bank audit committee(Haugh and Bradley,1987)and new risks faced by bank auditors (Clark,1987).In this paper,we will try to identify some of the common problems which might have caused the banking crisis.We will examine the role of auditor and try to establish the responsibilities of auditor when performing an audit task in a banking environment with the view to reducing the chance of the crisis happening again,if not eliminated completely.The regulatory body will still be the Banking Commission,while auditor will assume a supporting role in the banking monitoring and reguatory functions.
文摘目的:探讨B细胞特异性衔接蛋白BANK(B cell adoptor protein with ankyrin repeats)在小鼠实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)中的作用。方法:MOG35-55多肽免疫C57BL/6鼠和BANK缺陷(BANK-deficient,BANK-/-)鼠制备EAE模型,观察实验动物临床症状及中枢神经系统的病理学变化;提取小鼠脑组织及脾脏,经流式细胞术检测中枢神经系统及外周免疫器官中的CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞及调节性T细胞的变化。结果:BANK-/-鼠EAE临床症状评分明显高于C57BL/6鼠,且体重减轻明显(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,BANK-/-鼠较C57BL/6鼠炎症感染灶明显增多。流式细胞术结果显示,相对于C57BL/6鼠BANK-/-鼠中枢神经系统中CD8+T细胞百分比明显增多,而脾脏中调节性T细胞百分比明显减少,CD4/CD8比值倒置(P<0.05)。结论:B细胞衔接蛋白BANK的表达抑制EAE炎症反应。
文摘The principle of uniform DFT filter bank is presented. Exploiting poly-phase structure, radar jamming system samples the intercepted wideband radar signals through analysis filter bank by different channels and linearly modulates the intercepted radar signal according to the theory of signal and system, then synthesizes the jamming signal through the synthesis filter hank. The method merely requires lower sample frequency, reduces the computational complexity and the data quantity to be processed. The un-ideal filter＇s influence to the result of signals processing is analyzed by simulating the match filter in radar jamming system.
基金Project(61072087) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20093048) supported by Shanxi ProvincialGraduate Innovation Fund of China
文摘Perceptual auditory filter banks such as Bark-scale filter bank are widely used as front-end processing in speech recognition systems.However,the problem of the design of optimized filter banks that provide higher accuracy in recognition tasks is still open.Owing to spectral analysis in feature extraction,an adaptive bands filter bank (ABFB) is presented.The design adopts flexible bandwidths and center frequencies for the frequency responses of the filters and utilizes genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the design parameters.The optimization process is realized by combining the front-end filter bank with the back-end recognition network in the performance evaluation loop.The deployment of ABFB together with zero-crossing peak amplitude (ZCPA) feature as a front process for radial basis function (RBF) system shows significant improvement in robustness compared with the Bark-scale filter bank.In ABFB,several sub-bands are still more concentrated toward lower frequency but their exact locations are determined by the performance rather than the perceptual criteria.For the ease of optimization,only symmetrical bands are considered here,which still provide satisfactory results.
文摘Based on the study of the slope with gently granular structure in Xingqiao open mine, a new safety cleaning bank mode for steep slope mining was developed, including setting up dint cut, and forming natural retaining wall based on the character of gentle incline slope. It can effectively eliminate the impact of sliding body on the bottom working place and slope body, reduce the dilution of ore, keep rainwater from upper steps away, decrease influence of the weak intermediate layer, and cut cost of disposal waste rock. The safety and reliability of the mode were analyzed and verified from 3 aspects: static load calculation, ANSYS simulation of dynamic loading and spot experiment. The result of static loading calculation shows that the retaining wall can support accumulation and extrusion of granular body, and the glide or overturn disaster will not take place. The simulations of dynamic loading show that the retaining wall remains stable until sliding body collapses from 360 m (10 sublevels). Only one new safety cleaning bank in each 15 sublevels can fully meet the need of engineering. The new mode sustains steep slope (mining,) increases the angle of ultimate slope, and reduces invalid overburden amount of rock by 3%5%. The result of spot experiment has verified the exactness of the above calculations and simulations.
基金supported of the Fundamental Research Founds for the Central Universities
文摘With the development of power systems,a large number of shunt capacitors are used to improve power quality in the distribution network.The shunt capacitor banks are operated much frequently,as a result,the capacitor banks will bear large numbers of over-voltage inevitably.If the over-voltage exceeds certain amplitude,the capacitor will be damaged.This paper aims at the capacitor banks in the 35 kV side of Shanghai Xu-xing 500 kV substation,and applies ATP-EMTP to simulate the over-voltages generated by operating the switches under different angles of the source.Finally,according to the results of simulation and theoretical analysis,a best choice(i.e.angles of the source) to switch on capacitor banks is proposed.In this case the over-voltage on the capacitor will be limited to lowest.
文摘As a new mode to offer finance support in rural areas, the establishment of rural banks provide not only service and support for the agricultural development and rural economy, but also solutions to the issue of long-standing fund shortage and poverty in China. However, there are still a lot of problems that restrict the development of rural banks, such as unreasonable property right, unsound system of management as well as rural social credit, lacking of high-quality employees, innovation, policy support, supervision system, social awareness. Therefore, the analytic hierarchy process was employed in the current study with the aim of figuring out the essential factors which restricted the development of rural banks from two aspects of internal factors and external factors, furthermore, relevant suggestions were put forward.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Project in Heilongjiang Province(14B074)
文摘This paper summarized the management models of village banks in China. We compared and analyzed different management models of four village banks in different regions on four aspects： regional agriculture feature, loan for farmers, loan for enterprises and the construction of network, then came to the conclusion that, if the village banks＇ health development can realize, they must pay attention to innovating in loan patterns as well as material loan and starting out the network development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61961014,61561017)。
文摘Multi-carrier faster-than-Nyquist(MFTN)can improve the spectrum efficiency(SE).In this paper,we first analyze the benefit of time frequency packing MFTN(TFP-MFTN).Then,we propose an efficient digital implementation for TFP-MFTN based on filter bank multicarrier modulation.The time frequency packing ratio pair in our proposed implementation scheme is optimized with the SE criterion.Next,the joint optimization for the coded modulation MFTN based on extrinsic information transfer(EXIT)chart is performed.The Monte-Carlo simulations are carried out to verify performance gain of the joint inner and outer code optimization.Simulation results demonstrate that the TFPMFTN has a 0.8 dB and 0.9 dB gain comparing to time packing MFTN(TP-MFTN)and higher order Nyquist at same SE,respectively;the TFP-MFTN with optimized low density parity check(LDPC)code has a 2.9 dB gain comparing to that with digital video broadcasting(DVB)LDPC.Compared with previous work on TFP-MFTN(SE=1.55 bit/s/Hz),the SE of our work is improved by 29%and our work has a 4.1 dB gain at BER=1×10^(-5).
