In this study, we show how to generalize Hirshfeld partitioning methods to possibly include non-spherical proatom densities. While this generalization is numerically challenging(requiring global optimization of a larg...In this study, we show how to generalize Hirshfeld partitioning methods to possibly include non-spherical proatom densities. While this generalization is numerically challenging(requiring global optimization of a large number of parameters), it is conceptually appealing because it allows the proatoms to be pre-polarized, or even promoted, to a state that more closely resembles the atom in a molecule. This method is based on first characterizing the convex set of proatom densities associated with the degenerate ground states of isolated atoms and atomic ions. The preferred orientation of the proatoms' densities are then obtained by minimizing the information–theoretic distance between the promolecular and molecular densities. If contributions from excited states(and not just degenerate ground states) are included in the convex set, this method can describe promoted atoms. While the procedure is intractable in general, if one includes only atomic states that have differing electron-numbers and/or spins, the variational principle becomes a simple convex optimization with a single unique solution.展开更多
With replacement of N atoms by CH groups in the most stable cycled N4H4 molecules,twelve possible isomers of Nn(CH)4-nH4 have been designed and optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G level of theory.The vibrational frequenci...With replacement of N atoms by CH groups in the most stable cycled N4H4 molecules,twelve possible isomers of Nn(CH)4-nH4 have been designed and optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G level of theory.The vibrational frequencies were calculated at the same level of theory.The structures and properties were analyzed with the natural bond orbital(NBO) and the atoms in molecules(AIM)theory.Meanwhile,the dipole moments and the energy have been discussed.The results indicate that stabilities of these isomers increase with more CH groups replacements of N4H4 due to decrements of their densities of energies.The G3B3 calculations show that the isomers have high heat of formations(HOFs)and higher density of energies,which indicate them maybe a kind of potential and novel energetic material.展开更多
本文研究选用密度泛函理论中M06-2X及6-311G(d,p)基组,对由N-烷基乙二胺阳离子[HAlkyl]+(hexyl,octyl、2-ethylhexyl及EtHex)与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺阴离子[TFSA]-形成的[HHex][TFSA]、[HOct][TFSA]及[HEtHex][TFSA]型质子化离子液体(Pr...本文研究选用密度泛函理论中M06-2X及6-311G(d,p)基组,对由N-烷基乙二胺阳离子[HAlkyl]+(hexyl,octyl、2-ethylhexyl及EtHex)与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺阴离子[TFSA]-形成的[HHex][TFSA]、[HOct][TFSA]及[HEtHex][TFSA]型质子化离子液体(Protic ionic liquids,PILs)的分子间氢键相互作用进行理论研究,通过几何优化和分子振动频率分析得到其5种较稳定构型[HAlkyl][TFSA]S1~S5,结果表明:该类PILs的基组重叠误差(basis set superposition error,BSSE)校正后的分子间相互作用能ΔE int BSSE在-88.8^-108.9 kcal/mol范围内;由于阴阳离子间形成了较强的N—H…N或N—H…O型氢键,[HAlkyl]+阳离子中参与氢键的N—H键长延长,红外谱图显示N—H伸缩振动发生了红移,且红移值显著。通过自然键轨道理论分析可知,其稳定化能主要来源于阴离子[TFSA]-中N、O原子的孤对电子与阳离子[HAlkyl]+中N—H反键轨道之间的相互作用,即LP(N/O)→σ*(N—H)。采用分子中原子理论计算二阶微扰能E(2)值、电子密度ρc值及拉普拉斯值2ρc的结果表明,[HAlkyl]+中碳链的长短、支链的引入对[HAlkyl][TFSA]分子间氢键作用的强弱有较大的影响,并且在伯胺质子化构型(S1~S3)中形成的氢键相互作用比仲胺质子化构型(S4、S5)较强。展开更多
文摘In this study, we show how to generalize Hirshfeld partitioning methods to possibly include non-spherical proatom densities. While this generalization is numerically challenging(requiring global optimization of a large number of parameters), it is conceptually appealing because it allows the proatoms to be pre-polarized, or even promoted, to a state that more closely resembles the atom in a molecule. This method is based on first characterizing the convex set of proatom densities associated with the degenerate ground states of isolated atoms and atomic ions. The preferred orientation of the proatoms' densities are then obtained by minimizing the information–theoretic distance between the promolecular and molecular densities. If contributions from excited states(and not just degenerate ground states) are included in the convex set, this method can describe promoted atoms. While the procedure is intractable in general, if one includes only atomic states that have differing electron-numbers and/or spins, the variational principle becomes a simple convex optimization with a single unique solution.
文摘With replacement of N atoms by CH groups in the most stable cycled N4H4 molecules,twelve possible isomers of Nn(CH)4-nH4 have been designed and optimized at the B3LYP/6-311++G level of theory.The vibrational frequencies were calculated at the same level of theory.The structures and properties were analyzed with the natural bond orbital(NBO) and the atoms in molecules(AIM)theory.Meanwhile,the dipole moments and the energy have been discussed.The results indicate that stabilities of these isomers increase with more CH groups replacements of N4H4 due to decrements of their densities of energies.The G3B3 calculations show that the isomers have high heat of formations(HOFs)and higher density of energies,which indicate them maybe a kind of potential and novel energetic material.
文摘本文研究选用密度泛函理论中M06-2X及6-311G(d,p)基组,对由N-烷基乙二胺阳离子[HAlkyl]+(hexyl,octyl、2-ethylhexyl及EtHex)与双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺阴离子[TFSA]-形成的[HHex][TFSA]、[HOct][TFSA]及[HEtHex][TFSA]型质子化离子液体(Protic ionic liquids,PILs)的分子间氢键相互作用进行理论研究,通过几何优化和分子振动频率分析得到其5种较稳定构型[HAlkyl][TFSA]S1~S5,结果表明:该类PILs的基组重叠误差(basis set superposition error,BSSE)校正后的分子间相互作用能ΔE int BSSE在-88.8^-108.9 kcal/mol范围内;由于阴阳离子间形成了较强的N—H…N或N—H…O型氢键,[HAlkyl]+阳离子中参与氢键的N—H键长延长,红外谱图显示N—H伸缩振动发生了红移,且红移值显著。通过自然键轨道理论分析可知,其稳定化能主要来源于阴离子[TFSA]-中N、O原子的孤对电子与阳离子[HAlkyl]+中N—H反键轨道之间的相互作用,即LP(N/O)→σ*(N—H)。采用分子中原子理论计算二阶微扰能E(2)值、电子密度ρc值及拉普拉斯值2ρc的结果表明,[HAlkyl]+中碳链的长短、支链的引入对[HAlkyl][TFSA]分子间氢键作用的强弱有较大的影响,并且在伯胺质子化构型(S1~S3)中形成的氢键相互作用比仲胺质子化构型(S4、S5)较强。
