In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately ana...In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately analyzed the limiting biological dose of irreversible damage to human skin caused by the NLLW.Firstly,based on the burn theory in medicine and the actual tactical background,this paper redefines the evaluation criteria of the limiting laser dose of NLLW to the human body.Secondly,on the basis of anatomical knowledge,a 5-layer finite element model(FEM) of superficial skin is proposed,constructed and verified,which can accurately describe the limiting reversible damage.Based on the optimized Pennes bioheat transfer equation,the diffusion approximation theory,the modified Beer-Lambert law,the Arrhenius equation,and combined with dynamic thermophysical parameters,this paper highly restored the temperature distribution and accurately solved the necrotic tissue distribution inside the human skin irradiated by 1064 nm laser.Finally,it is concluded that the maximum human dose of the1064 nm NLLW is 8.93 J/cm^(2),8.29J/cm^(2),and 8.17 J/cm^(2) when the light spots are 5 mm,10 mm and15 mm,respectively,and the corresponding output power of the weapon is 46.74 W,173.72 W and384.77 W.Simultaneously,the temperature and damage distribution in the tissue at the time of ultimate damage are discussed from the axial and radial dimensions,respectively.The conclusions and analysis methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for future research in military,medical and many other related fields.展开更多
The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the weapon.Earlier works,which did not consider the dynamic pro...The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the weapon.Earlier works,which did not consider the dynamic properties of the base of the weapon,did not allow to reconcile the calculated and experimental results of the weapon casing displacement when shooting from firing rests.For the analysis of the motion of individual parts,the methods of mathematical modelling and firing experiments using a high-speed camera were chosen.Calculations show the best accord with experiment when modelling the system with 4 degrees of freedom.The oscillation of the system regarding the movement of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing was investigated under changed conditions of rate of fire,the use of a muzzle brake and different types of shock absorbers.The velocities and displacements of the weapon casing and the breech block carrier at different values of the impulse of the gases to the breech block carrier were determined.展开更多
为研究冲击波作用下的人耳动态响应特性,设计并开展基于某单兵火箭类武器发射环境的有/无佩戴护听器装置试验研究。在分析发射冲击波特性的基础上,设计制作人耳测试装置模型,形成耳内冲击波防护试验测试方法。通过在射手位置处布设人耳...为研究冲击波作用下的人耳动态响应特性,设计并开展基于某单兵火箭类武器发射环境的有/无佩戴护听器装置试验研究。在分析发射冲击波特性的基础上,设计制作人耳测试装置模型,形成耳内冲击波防护试验测试方法。通过在射手位置处布设人耳测试装置模型以获取人耳内压力-时间变化曲线,并采用超压传感器测量对比位置处的自由场冲击波压力。利用小波分析法对测到的数据进行分析,对比分析2种发射冲击波安全限值的评价方法。研究结果表明:发射时的高声强冲击波具有不稳定性,超压峰值高,持续时间短,具有多个脉冲;高声强冲击波频带宽,成分复杂,有明显的低频率高声压特性;无护听器装置时耳内压力有所增强;佩戴护听器装置后可大幅度削弱冲击波对人耳的作用,正射手右耳超压峰值削弱95.7%、声压级峰值削弱14.8%;改进后的国家军用标准GJB 2A—1996“常规兵器发射或爆炸时脉冲噪声和冲击波对人员听觉器官损伤的限值”和美军标MIL-STD-1474E“Department of defense design criteria standard noise limits”中AHAAH模型2种方法得到的单日允许射击数范围接近,对佩戴护听器装置后的冲击波测量曲线评估的方法是可行的。研究结果可为单兵火箭类武器发射冲击波测试系统优化及改进提供理论基础和实践指导。展开更多
Aiming at the problems of convergence-slow and convergence-free of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(DPSO) in solving large scale or complicated discrete problem, this article proposes Intuitionistic Fuzz...Aiming at the problems of convergence-slow and convergence-free of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(DPSO) in solving large scale or complicated discrete problem, this article proposes Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization(IFDPSO) and makes it applied to Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment(WTA). First, the strategy of choosing intuitionistic fuzzy parameters of particle swarm is defined, making intuitionistic fuzzy entropy as a basic parameter for measure and velocity mutation. Second, through analyzing the defects of DPSO, an adjusting parameter for balancing two cognition, velocity mutation mechanism and position mutation strategy are designed, and then two sets of improved and derivative algorithms for IFDPSO are put forward, which ensures the IFDPSO possibly search as much as possible sub-optimal positions and its neighborhood and the algorithm ability of searching global optimal value in solving large scale 0-1 knapsack problem is intensified. Third, focusing on the problem of WTA, some parameters including dynamic parameter for shifting firepower and constraints are designed to solve the problems of weapon target assignment. In addition, WTA Optimization Model with time and resource constraints is finally set up, which also intensifies the algorithm ability of searching global and local best value in the solution of WTA problem. Finally, the superiority of IFDPSO is proved by several simulation experiments. Particularly, IFDPSO, IFDPSO1~IFDPSO3 are respectively effective in solving large scale, medium scale or strict constraint problems such as 0-1 knapsack problem and WTA problem.展开更多
Disconnection in the distributed heterogeneous networked unmanned weapon systems is caused by multiple weapon units＇ failure. The technical routes were analyzed to achieve resilience in the disconnection situation. A...Disconnection in the distributed heterogeneous networked unmanned weapon systems is caused by multiple weapon units＇ failure. The technical routes were analyzed to achieve resilience in the disconnection situation. A heterogeneous distributed network model of networked unmanned weapon systems was established. And an approach of adding relay weapon units was proposed to a- chieve fault tolerance after weapon units＇ failure due to attack or energy exhaustion. An improved ge- netic algorithm was proposed to determine and optimize the position of the relay weapon units. Simulation results in the MATLAB show that the improved resilience-based genetic algorithm can restore the network connection maximally when the number of relay units is limited, the network can keep on working after failure, and the implementation cost is controlled in a reasonable range.展开更多
The close-in weapon system(CIWS)is a combat system that faces a complex environment full of dynamic and unknown challenges,whose construction and planning require a systematic design method.Multiliving agent(MLA)theor...The close-in weapon system(CIWS)is a combat system that faces a complex environment full of dynamic and unknown challenges,whose construction and planning require a systematic design method.Multiliving agent(MLA)theory is a methodology for the combat system design,which uses the livelihood degree to evaluate the multi-dimensional long-term operational effectiveness of the system;whereas,there is still no uniform quantization framework for the livelihood degree,and the adjustment methods of livelihood degree need to be further improved.In this paper,we propose the uniform quantization framework for the livelihood degree and detailed discuss the methods of livelihood adjustment.Based on the MLA theory,the multi-dimensional operational effectiveness of the missile-gun integrated weapon system(MGIWS)is analyzed,and the long-term combat effectiveness against the saturation attack is assessed.Furthermore,the planning problem of the equipment deployment and configuration is investigated.Two objectives,including the overall livelihood degree and cost-effectiveness(CE),are proposed,and the optimization method based on genetic algorithm(GA)is studied for the planning problem.展开更多
This paper provides a review of methods of assessing a fragmentation weapon’s effectiveness against a point target or an area target with keeping the focus on the necessity of using the Carleton damage function with ...This paper provides a review of methods of assessing a fragmentation weapon’s effectiveness against a point target or an area target with keeping the focus on the necessity of using the Carleton damage function with the correct shape factor.First,cookie-cutter damage functions are redefined to preserve the shape factor of and to have the same lethal area as the corresponding Carleton damage function.Then,closed-form solutions of the effectiveness methods are obtained by using those cookie-cutter damage functions and the Carleton damage function.Finally,the closed-form solutions are applied to calculate the probability of damaging a point target and the expected fractional damage to an area target for several attack scenarios by using cookie-cutter damage functions and the Carleton damage functions with different shape factors.The comparison of the calculation results shows that using cookie-cutter damage functions or the Carleton damage function with a wrong shape factor results in quite significant differences from using the original Carleton damage function with a correct shape factor when weapon’s delivery error deviations are less than or comparable to the lengths of the lethal area and the aim point is far from a target.The effectiveness methods improved in this paper will be useful for mission planning utilizing the precision-guided munitions in circumstances where the collateral damage should be reduced.展开更多
The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a nov...The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.展开更多
文摘In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately analyzed the limiting biological dose of irreversible damage to human skin caused by the NLLW.Firstly,based on the burn theory in medicine and the actual tactical background,this paper redefines the evaluation criteria of the limiting laser dose of NLLW to the human body.Secondly,on the basis of anatomical knowledge,a 5-layer finite element model(FEM) of superficial skin is proposed,constructed and verified,which can accurately describe the limiting reversible damage.Based on the optimized Pennes bioheat transfer equation,the diffusion approximation theory,the modified Beer-Lambert law,the Arrhenius equation,and combined with dynamic thermophysical parameters,this paper highly restored the temperature distribution and accurately solved the necrotic tissue distribution inside the human skin irradiated by 1064 nm laser.Finally,it is concluded that the maximum human dose of the1064 nm NLLW is 8.93 J/cm^(2),8.29J/cm^(2),and 8.17 J/cm^(2) when the light spots are 5 mm,10 mm and15 mm,respectively,and the corresponding output power of the weapon is 46.74 W,173.72 W and384.77 W.Simultaneously,the temperature and damage distribution in the tissue at the time of ultimate damage are discussed from the axial and radial dimensions,respectively.The conclusions and analysis methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for future research in military,medical and many other related fields.
基金supported by the Research project VAROPS(Military autonomous and robotic assets)of the Ministry of Defence of The Czech Republicby the Specific Research Support Project(Grant No.SV22-201)financed from funds of the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of The Czech Republic。
文摘The article deals with the motion of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing of an automatic weapon mounted on a flexible carriage and the base of the weapon.Earlier works,which did not consider the dynamic properties of the base of the weapon,did not allow to reconcile the calculated and experimental results of the weapon casing displacement when shooting from firing rests.For the analysis of the motion of individual parts,the methods of mathematical modelling and firing experiments using a high-speed camera were chosen.Calculations show the best accord with experiment when modelling the system with 4 degrees of freedom.The oscillation of the system regarding the movement of the breech block carrier and the weapon casing was investigated under changed conditions of rate of fire,the use of a muzzle brake and different types of shock absorbers.The velocities and displacements of the weapon casing and the breech block carrier at different values of the impulse of the gases to the breech block carrier were determined.
文摘为研究冲击波作用下的人耳动态响应特性,设计并开展基于某单兵火箭类武器发射环境的有/无佩戴护听器装置试验研究。在分析发射冲击波特性的基础上,设计制作人耳测试装置模型,形成耳内冲击波防护试验测试方法。通过在射手位置处布设人耳测试装置模型以获取人耳内压力-时间变化曲线,并采用超压传感器测量对比位置处的自由场冲击波压力。利用小波分析法对测到的数据进行分析,对比分析2种发射冲击波安全限值的评价方法。研究结果表明:发射时的高声强冲击波具有不稳定性,超压峰值高,持续时间短,具有多个脉冲;高声强冲击波频带宽,成分复杂,有明显的低频率高声压特性;无护听器装置时耳内压力有所增强;佩戴护听器装置后可大幅度削弱冲击波对人耳的作用,正射手右耳超压峰值削弱95.7%、声压级峰值削弱14.8%;改进后的国家军用标准GJB 2A—1996“常规兵器发射或爆炸时脉冲噪声和冲击波对人员听觉器官损伤的限值”和美军标MIL-STD-1474E“Department of defense design criteria standard noise limits”中AHAAH模型2种方法得到的单日允许射击数范围接近,对佩戴护听器装置后的冲击波测量曲线评估的方法是可行的。研究结果可为单兵火箭类武器发射冲击波测试系统优化及改进提供理论基础和实践指导。
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61402517, 61573375The Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics of China under Grant No. 2016ADL-DW0302+2 种基金The Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 2013M542331, 2015M572778The Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No. 2013JQ8035The Aviation Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 20151996015
文摘Aiming at the problems of convergence-slow and convergence-free of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(DPSO) in solving large scale or complicated discrete problem, this article proposes Intuitionistic Fuzzy Entropy of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization(IFDPSO) and makes it applied to Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment(WTA). First, the strategy of choosing intuitionistic fuzzy parameters of particle swarm is defined, making intuitionistic fuzzy entropy as a basic parameter for measure and velocity mutation. Second, through analyzing the defects of DPSO, an adjusting parameter for balancing two cognition, velocity mutation mechanism and position mutation strategy are designed, and then two sets of improved and derivative algorithms for IFDPSO are put forward, which ensures the IFDPSO possibly search as much as possible sub-optimal positions and its neighborhood and the algorithm ability of searching global optimal value in solving large scale 0-1 knapsack problem is intensified. Third, focusing on the problem of WTA, some parameters including dynamic parameter for shifting firepower and constraints are designed to solve the problems of weapon target assignment. In addition, WTA Optimization Model with time and resource constraints is finally set up, which also intensifies the algorithm ability of searching global and local best value in the solution of WTA problem. Finally, the superiority of IFDPSO is proved by several simulation experiments. Particularly, IFDPSO, IFDPSO1~IFDPSO3 are respectively effective in solving large scale, medium scale or strict constraint problems such as 0-1 knapsack problem and WTA problem.
基金Supported by the Aviation Science Foundation of China(2013ZC72006)
文摘Disconnection in the distributed heterogeneous networked unmanned weapon systems is caused by multiple weapon units＇ failure. The technical routes were analyzed to achieve resilience in the disconnection situation. A heterogeneous distributed network model of networked unmanned weapon systems was established. And an approach of adding relay weapon units was proposed to a- chieve fault tolerance after weapon units＇ failure due to attack or energy exhaustion. An improved ge- netic algorithm was proposed to determine and optimize the position of the relay weapon units. Simulation results in the MATLAB show that the improved resilience-based genetic algorithm can restore the network connection maximally when the number of relay units is limited, the network can keep on working after failure, and the implementation cost is controlled in a reasonable range.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under contract number L191004the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract number U1833203.
文摘The close-in weapon system(CIWS)is a combat system that faces a complex environment full of dynamic and unknown challenges,whose construction and planning require a systematic design method.Multiliving agent(MLA)theory is a methodology for the combat system design,which uses the livelihood degree to evaluate the multi-dimensional long-term operational effectiveness of the system;whereas,there is still no uniform quantization framework for the livelihood degree,and the adjustment methods of livelihood degree need to be further improved.In this paper,we propose the uniform quantization framework for the livelihood degree and detailed discuss the methods of livelihood adjustment.Based on the MLA theory,the multi-dimensional operational effectiveness of the missile-gun integrated weapon system(MGIWS)is analyzed,and the long-term combat effectiveness against the saturation attack is assessed.Furthermore,the planning problem of the equipment deployment and configuration is investigated.Two objectives,including the overall livelihood degree and cost-effectiveness(CE),are proposed,and the optimization method based on genetic algorithm(GA)is studied for the planning problem.
文摘This paper provides a review of methods of assessing a fragmentation weapon’s effectiveness against a point target or an area target with keeping the focus on the necessity of using the Carleton damage function with the correct shape factor.First,cookie-cutter damage functions are redefined to preserve the shape factor of and to have the same lethal area as the corresponding Carleton damage function.Then,closed-form solutions of the effectiveness methods are obtained by using those cookie-cutter damage functions and the Carleton damage function.Finally,the closed-form solutions are applied to calculate the probability of damaging a point target and the expected fractional damage to an area target for several attack scenarios by using cookie-cutter damage functions and the Carleton damage functions with different shape factors.The comparison of the calculation results shows that using cookie-cutter damage functions or the Carleton damage function with a wrong shape factor results in quite significant differences from using the original Carleton damage function with a correct shape factor when weapon’s delivery error deviations are less than or comparable to the lengths of the lethal area and the aim point is far from a target.The effectiveness methods improved in this paper will be useful for mission planning utilizing the precision-guided munitions in circumstances where the collateral damage should be reduced.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102453)。
文摘The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.
