Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths...Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths were on an average more than 40% in the period from 2007 to 2016 and in 2016, the global cumulative photovoltaic power installed has reached 320 GWp. The level 0.5 TWp could be reached before 2020. The production processes in the solar industry still have great potential for optimization both wafer based and thin film technologies. Trends following from the present technology levels are discussed, also taking into account other parts of photovoltaic systems that influence the cost of electrical energy produced. Present developments in the three generations of photovoltaic modules are discussed along with the criteria for the selection of appropriate photovoltaic module manufacturing technologies. The wafer based crystalline silicon(csilicon) technologies have the role of workhorse of present photovoltaic power generation, representing more than 90% of total module production. Further technology improvements have to be implemented without significantly increasing costs per unit, despite the necessarily more complex manufacturing processes involved. The tandem of c-silicon and thin film cells is very promising. Durability may be a limiting factor of this technology due to the dependence of the produced electricity cost on the module service time.展开更多
The resiliency of a standalone microgrid is of considerable issue because the available regulation measures and capabilities are limited.Given this background,this paper presented a new mathematical model for a detail...The resiliency of a standalone microgrid is of considerable issue because the available regulation measures and capabilities are limited.Given this background,this paper presented a new mathematical model for a detailed photovoltaic(PV)module and the application of new control techniques for efficient energy extraction.The PV module employs a single-stage conversion method to integrate it with the utility grid.For extraction the maximum power from PV and integrate it to power grid,a three-phase voltage source converter is used.For obtaining the maximum power at a particular irradiance a maximum power point tracking(MPPT)scheme is used.The fuzzy logic control and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system are proposed for direct current(DC)link voltage control.The proposed model and control scheme are validated through a comparison with the standard power-voltage and current-voltage charts for a PV module.Simulation results demonstrate that the system stability can be maintained with the power grid and in the island mode,in contrast with the MPPT.展开更多
文摘Progresses in photovoltaic technologies over the past years are evident from the lower costs, the rising efficiency, to the great improvements in system reliability and yield. Cumulative installed power yearly growths were on an average more than 40% in the period from 2007 to 2016 and in 2016, the global cumulative photovoltaic power installed has reached 320 GWp. The level 0.5 TWp could be reached before 2020. The production processes in the solar industry still have great potential for optimization both wafer based and thin film technologies. Trends following from the present technology levels are discussed, also taking into account other parts of photovoltaic systems that influence the cost of electrical energy produced. Present developments in the three generations of photovoltaic modules are discussed along with the criteria for the selection of appropriate photovoltaic module manufacturing technologies. The wafer based crystalline silicon(csilicon) technologies have the role of workhorse of present photovoltaic power generation, representing more than 90% of total module production. Further technology improvements have to be implemented without significantly increasing costs per unit, despite the necessarily more complex manufacturing processes involved. The tandem of c-silicon and thin film cells is very promising. Durability may be a limiting factor of this technology due to the dependence of the produced electricity cost on the module service time.
基金supported by a project under the scheme entitled“Developing Policies&Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region”(ASTRA),Project No.ASTRA6-4(2014-2020.4.01.16-0032).
文摘The resiliency of a standalone microgrid is of considerable issue because the available regulation measures and capabilities are limited.Given this background,this paper presented a new mathematical model for a detailed photovoltaic(PV)module and the application of new control techniques for efficient energy extraction.The PV module employs a single-stage conversion method to integrate it with the utility grid.For extraction the maximum power from PV and integrate it to power grid,a three-phase voltage source converter is used.For obtaining the maximum power at a particular irradiance a maximum power point tracking(MPPT)scheme is used.The fuzzy logic control and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system are proposed for direct current(DC)link voltage control.The proposed model and control scheme are validated through a comparison with the standard power-voltage and current-voltage charts for a PV module.Simulation results demonstrate that the system stability can be maintained with the power grid and in the island mode,in contrast with the MPPT.
