This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50,a nitrogen-rich energetic material,exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX.Through experimenta...This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50,a nitrogen-rich energetic material,exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX.Through experimental measurements and theoretical calculations,we propose a novel three-factor competition mechanism to explain this phenomenon.TKX-50-based PBX formulations achieved detonation velocities up to 9100 m/s,surpassing HMX-based counterparts.However,cylinder expansion tests revealed a 15%reduction in metal acceleration ability.Thermochemical measurements showed lower detonation heat for TKX-50(4900 J/g)versus HMX(5645 J/g).Our mechanism involves:(1)compositional effects prevailing at high pressures;(2)Energy release becoming essential as pressure drops;(3)Pressure-dependent product composition evolution functioning at low pressure.VLW code calculations unveiled a"crossover"in Hugoniot curves,lending support to this mechanism.This study furnishes a new framework for comprehending the performance of nitrogen-rich energetic materials,with significant implications for the design and optimization of future high-energy density materials.展开更多
The formula for the analytical calculations of the shaped charge jetting parameters exhibit an explicit dependence upon the Gurney velocity of an explosive material.Many attempts have been done to approximate the char...The formula for the analytical calculations of the shaped charge jetting parameters exhibit an explicit dependence upon the Gurney velocity of an explosive material.Many attempts have been done to approximate the characteristic constant 2E^(1/2) and to make its use more efficient.It is shown herein that the characteristic Gurney velocity parameter depends on the ratio of the Chapman Jouguet-pressure to explosive impulse ratio by the formula:2E^(1/2)=0.2415(P_(CJ)/I_(SP)ρ_0)-970.76,where PCJis the Chapman Jouguet pressure(Pa),ISPis the specific impulse of the explosive used as a monopropellant(N·s/kg)andρois the explosive density(kg/m^3).The proposed empirical formula was found to be reasonable and quite accurate approximation that can be implemented over a wide range of explosives,where the maximum deviation between the measured and the calculated Gurney velocities was nearly 6%.Besides,the proposed approach has been used analytically to calculate the jet tip velocity of a small caliber shaped charge,which is measured experimentally.The difference between the measured and the calculated jet tip velocity was only 1.6%.展开更多
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12102405)the Presidential Foundation of CAEP(Grant No.YZJJZQ2023008).
文摘This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50,a nitrogen-rich energetic material,exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX.Through experimental measurements and theoretical calculations,we propose a novel three-factor competition mechanism to explain this phenomenon.TKX-50-based PBX formulations achieved detonation velocities up to 9100 m/s,surpassing HMX-based counterparts.However,cylinder expansion tests revealed a 15%reduction in metal acceleration ability.Thermochemical measurements showed lower detonation heat for TKX-50(4900 J/g)versus HMX(5645 J/g).Our mechanism involves:(1)compositional effects prevailing at high pressures;(2)Energy release becoming essential as pressure drops;(3)Pressure-dependent product composition evolution functioning at low pressure.VLW code calculations unveiled a"crossover"in Hugoniot curves,lending support to this mechanism.This study furnishes a new framework for comprehending the performance of nitrogen-rich energetic materials,with significant implications for the design and optimization of future high-energy density materials.
文摘The formula for the analytical calculations of the shaped charge jetting parameters exhibit an explicit dependence upon the Gurney velocity of an explosive material.Many attempts have been done to approximate the characteristic constant 2E^(1/2) and to make its use more efficient.It is shown herein that the characteristic Gurney velocity parameter depends on the ratio of the Chapman Jouguet-pressure to explosive impulse ratio by the formula:2E^(1/2)=0.2415(P_(CJ)/I_(SP)ρ_0)-970.76,where PCJis the Chapman Jouguet pressure(Pa),ISPis the specific impulse of the explosive used as a monopropellant(N·s/kg)andρois the explosive density(kg/m^3).The proposed empirical formula was found to be reasonable and quite accurate approximation that can be implemented over a wide range of explosives,where the maximum deviation between the measured and the calculated Gurney velocities was nearly 6%.Besides,the proposed approach has been used analytically to calculate the jet tip velocity of a small caliber shaped charge,which is measured experimentally.The difference between the measured and the calculated jet tip velocity was only 1.6%.
