Calycosin,Astragali Radix most prominent ingredient,has drawn more attention as a result of its ability to treat atherosclerosis(AS).However,the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.We investigated the ef...Calycosin,Astragali Radix most prominent ingredient,has drawn more attention as a result of its ability to treat atherosclerosis(AS).However,the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.We investigated the effects of calycosin on bile acid(BA)metabolism and gut microbiome in ApoE^(-/-)mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).The data showed that the aorta of ApoE^(-/-)mice treated with HFD showed significant atheromatous plaque formation and lipid accumulation,and the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly increased,while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were significantly decreased.Calycosin can substantially regulate lipid levels,thereby alleviating liver lipid deposition induced by atherosclerosis.In addition,16S rRNA sequencing showed that calycosin treatment has reshaped the gut microbiota disturbed by HFD,in particular,increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes,and improving the relative abundance of Bilophila,Desulfovibrio,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,etc.Meanwhile,targeted metabolomics analysis showed that calycosin treatment significantly modulated glycodeoxycholic acid(CDCA),taurocholic acids(TCA),lithocholic acid(LCA),deoxycholic acid(DCA),taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA)and BA pool composition,which were associated with atherosclerotic plaque areas.In addition,calycosin treatment also down-regulated farnesoid X receptor(FXR)protein levels and up-regulated cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1(CYP7A1)protein levels in the hepatic.At the same time,calycosin inhibits the ileum FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway,inhibits BA reabsorption,promotes BA excretion,and reduces hepatic cholesterol accumulation by enterohepatic circulation.In addition,we found that calycosin significantly promoted the expression of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)and ABCG1 to mediate cholesterol efflux.Meanwhile,calycosin regulates gut microbiota,and Bacteroides,Alistipes,Desulfovibrio,Lactobacillus,Bilophila and Odoribacter are closely related to specific BAs.This enables us to further understand the relationship between BA metabolism and gut microbiota.Calycosin may reduce high-fat diet-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation in ApoE^(-/-)mice through gut microbiota and BA metabolism,and play a role in treating AS.Finally,we confirmed that calycosin-altered gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation was sufficient to alleviate atherosclerosis.Taken together,our findings provide important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of calycosin on atherosclerosis.展开更多
With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic ...With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.展开更多
In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic...In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.展开更多
Objective To evaluate whether ursolic acid can inhibit breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vivo and in vitro. Methods Firstly, we explored the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouraci...Objective To evaluate whether ursolic acid can inhibit breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vivo and in vitro. Methods Firstly, we explored the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU, a substrate of BCRP) in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid. Secondly, we studied the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid or Ko143(inhibitor of BCRP). Finially, the concentration-dependent transport of rosuvastatin and the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid and Ko143 were examined in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK) Ⅱ-BCRP421CC(wild type) cells and MDCKⅡ-BCRP421AA(mutant type) cells. Results As a result, significant changes in pharmacokinetics parameters of 5-FU were observed in rats following pretreatment with ursolic acid. Both ursolic acid and Ko143 could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. The rosuvastatin transport in the BCRP overexpressing system was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, there was no statistical difference in BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin betweent the wild type cells and mutant cells. The same as Ko143, ursolic acid inhibited BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro. Conclusion Ursolic acid appears to be a potent modulator of BCRP that affects the pharmacokinetic of rosuvastatin in vivo and inhibits the transport of rosuvastatin in vitro.展开更多
Atherosclerosis(AS)is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases.Hence,the prevention and treatment strategies of AS have attracted great research attention.As a potential probiotic,Pararabacteroides dista...Atherosclerosis(AS)is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases.Hence,the prevention and treatment strategies of AS have attracted great research attention.As a potential probiotic,Pararabacteroides distasonis has a positive regulatory effect on lipid metabolism and bile acids(BAs)profile.Oligomeric procyanidins have been confirmed to be conducive to the prevention and treatment of AS,whose antiatherosclerotic effect may be associated with the promotion of gut probiotics.However,it remains unclear whether and how oligomeric procyanidins and P.distasonis combined(PPC)treatment can effectively alleviate high-fat diet(HFD)-induced AS.In this study,PPC treatment was found to significantly decrease atherosclerotic lesion,as well as alleviate the lipid metabolism disorder,inflammation and oxidative stress injury in ApoE^(-/-)mice.Surprisingly,targeted metabolomics demonstrated that PPC intervention altered the BA profile in mice by regulating the ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs,and increased fecal BAs excretion.Further,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis showed that PPC intervention facilitated reverse cholesterol transport by upregulating Srb1 expression;In addition,PPC intervention promoted BA synthesis from cholesterol in liver by upregulating Cyp7a1 expression via suppression of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)pathway,thus exhibiting a significant serum cholesterol-lowering effect.In summary,PPC attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE^(-/-)mice,which provides new insights into the design of novel and efficient anti-atherosclerotic strategies to prevent AS based on probiotics and prebiotics.展开更多
Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome,and chronic,low-grade tissue inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells.Current...Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome,and chronic,low-grade tissue inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells.Current therapeutic approaches lack efficacy and immunomodulatory capacity.Thus,a new therapeutic approach is needed to prevent chronic inflammation and alleviate insulin resistance.Here,we synthesized a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(tFNA)nanoparticle that carried resveratrol(RSV)to inhibit tissue inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice.The prepared nanoparticles,namely tFNAs-RSV,possessed the characteristics of simple synthesis,stable properties,good water solubility,and superior biocompatibility.The tFNA-based delivery ameliorated the lability of RSV and enhanced its therapeutic efficacy.In high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,the administration of tFNAs-RSV ameliorated insulin resistance by alleviating inflammation status.tFNAs-RSV could reverse M1 phenotype macrophages in tissues to M2 phenotype macrophages.As for adaptive immunity,the prepared nanoparticles could repress the activation of Th1 and Th17 and promote Th2 and Treg,leading to the alleviation of insulin resistance.Furthermore,this study is the first to demonstrate that tFNAs,a nucleic acid material,possess immunomodulatory capacity.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that tFNAs-RSV alleviate insulin resistance and ameliorate inflammation in HFD mice,suggesting that nucleic acid materials or nucleic acid-based delivery systems may be a potential agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic diseases.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active comp...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active components of Bupleurum.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on“gut-liver axis”.Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice,improved insulin sensitivity,and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor(Fxr),small heterodimer partner(Shp),recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter(Asbt)in the intestine,suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling.SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase(BSH)expression,such as Clostridium.Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids,thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR.These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acidintestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can...CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can also cause severe CO_(2) gas channeling problems.Therefore,anti-gas channeling is a necessary measure to improve the effect of CO_(2) flooding.The kind of anti-gas channeling refers to the plugging of fractures in the deep formation to prevent CO_(2) gas channeling,which is different from the wellbore leakage.Polymer microspheres have the characteristics of controllable deep plugging,which can achieve the profile control of low-permeability fractured reservoirs.In acidic environments with supercritical CO_(2),traditional polymer microspheres have poor expandability and plugging properties.Based on previous work,a systematic evaluation of the expansion performance,dispersion rheological properties,stability,deep migration,anti-CO_(2) channeling and enhanced oil recovery ability of a novel acid-resistant polymer microsphere(DCNPM-A)was carried out under CQ oilifield conditions(salinity of85,000 mg/L,80℃,pH=3).The results show that the DCNPM-A microsphere had a better expansion performance than the traditional microsphere,with a swelling rate of 13.5.The microsphere dispersion with a concentration of 0.1%-0.5%had the advantages of low viscosity,high dispersion and good injectability in the low permeability fractured core.In the acidic environment of supercritical CO_(2),DCNPM-A microspheres showed excellent stability and could maintain strength for over 60 d with less loss.In core experiments,DCNPM-A microspheres exhibited delayed swelling characteristics and could effectively plug deep formations.With a plugging rate of 95%,the subsequent enhanced oil recovery of CO_(2) flooding could reach 21.03%.The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for anti-CO_(2)channeling and enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability fractured reservoirs.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifi dobacterium breve CCFM683 on psoriasis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.B.breve CCFM683 significantly ameliorated psoriasis in mice as well as elevated the ...This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifi dobacterium breve CCFM683 on psoriasis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.B.breve CCFM683 significantly ameliorated psoriasis in mice as well as elevated the deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)in the colon compared with those of the imiquimod(IMQ)-treated mice.Meanwhile,B.breve CCFM683 increased the relative abundance of DCA-producing Lachnoclostridium and diminished the harmful Desulfovibrio and Prevotellaceae UCG001.Additionally,the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the skin was activated and the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway was inhibited,and the downstream interleukin(IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere downregulated whereas IL-10 was up-regulated.Moreover,the subsequent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier were improved.In conclusion,CCFM683 administration ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis via modulating gut microbiota,promoting the DCA production,regulating the FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway,diminishing proinflammatory cytokines,and regulating keratinocytes and epidermal barrier.These findings may be conducive to elucidating the mechanism for probiotics to ameliorate psoriasis and to promote its clinical trials in skin disease.展开更多
Small-cell HSY-S zeolite prepared by the gas-phase ultra-stable method had been researched and developed,and industrial preparation tests of HSY-S have been successfully carried out for the first time.The acid resista...Small-cell HSY-S zeolite prepared by the gas-phase ultra-stable method had been researched and developed,and industrial preparation tests of HSY-S have been successfully carried out for the first time.The acid resistance of industrially prepared HSY-S was investigated by acid solutions with different pH values.The structures and properties of HSY-S and its acid-treated samples were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,and IR.Results show that the HSY-S samples have the characteristics of high crystallinity,good stability,large specific surface area,and good acid resistance.展开更多
It is unclear how docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)improves insulin resistance via modulating gut microbiome in obese individuals.We used diet-induced obesity(DIO)mice as a model to study the effects of DHA-rich fish oil(DHA-...It is unclear how docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)improves insulin resistance via modulating gut microbiome in obese individuals.We used diet-induced obesity(DIO)mice as a model to study the effects of DHA-rich fish oil(DHA-FO)on host metabolic disorders and colonic microbiome.DHA-FO reduced fat deposition,regulated lipid profiles and alleviated insulin resistance in DIO mice.Probably because DHA-FO prevented the permeation of lipopolysaccharide across intestinal epithelial barrier,and promoted peptide YY(PYY)secretion via the mediation of short chain fatty acids receptor(FFAR2)in colon.Furthermore,DHA-FO might regulate PYY expression by reversing microbial dysbiosis,including increasing the abundance ofAkkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus,and suppressing the growth of Helicobacter.DHA-FO also altered gut microbial function(e.g."linoleic acid metabolism")associated with PYY expression(r>0.80,P<0.05).Herein,DHA-FO enhanced insulin action on glucose metabolism by altering gut microbiome and facilitating colonic PYY expression in DIO mice.展开更多
Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 （NOD1）, a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Methods Adipo...Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 （NOD1）, a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[SH] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA （siRNA） targeting NOD 1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed. Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-R, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD 1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.展开更多
The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress an...The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.展开更多
Enzyme-linked colorimetric analysis and adioimmunoassay were employed to detect serum fasting total bile acids(FBA) and choloyglycin (CG) respectively in cases of 32 neonatal hepatitis , 33 cases of neonatal unconjuga...Enzyme-linked colorimetric analysis and adioimmunoassay were employed to detect serum fasting total bile acids(FBA) and choloyglycin (CG) respectively in cases of 32 neonatal hepatitis , 33 cases of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and 34 cases of breast milk jaundice(BMJ). FBA and CG in acute period of neonatal hepatitis were obviously elevated and decreased gradually in convalescent and recovered period. The difference was significant for each stage as compared with controls. Acute FBA correlated strongly with the course. Both neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and BMJ differed significantly from controls in FBA and CG. The results suggested that serum FBA and CG were helpful in Judging the course and state of neonatal hepatitis, and cholestasis might existed in neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.展开更多
To examine the hypothesis that plasma bile acid (BA) level is correlated with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: The level of plasma total bile acid (TBA) in 88 patients with EH and in 11 spontaneous hypertension r...To examine the hypothesis that plasma bile acid (BA) level is correlated with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: The level of plasma total bile acid (TBA) in 88 patients with EH and in 11 spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were measured, and regression analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressures with plasma TBA was performed. Results: Plasma TBA level in EH patients was significantly higher than that in normotensive subjects (7. 35±3. 38μmol/L vs 4. 94±3. 25 μmol/L, PRO. of ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was significantly higher than that in Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) rats (13. 16±3. 58 μmol/L vs 10. 42±2. 24 μmol/L,P<0. 05); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was the highest in stage Ⅲ (9. 54±4. 12 μmol/L, n ＝25), the lowest in stage Ⅰ (5. 76±3. 33 μmol/L, n＝33), and middle in stage Ⅱ (7. 32±4. 52 μmol/L, n＝30); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was positively correlated with both systolic (r= 0. 33, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressure (r＝0. 46, P＜0．01 ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was positively correlated with both systolic (r＝0. 82, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressures (r＝0. 69, P<0. 01). Conclusion: elevated level of plasma TBA in patients with EH and in SHR may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.展开更多
Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignm...Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.展开更多
The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramib...The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids） suffocated by Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and Methyl salicylate （MeSA） were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.展开更多
牛磺酸是人体内广泛分布的非必需含硫氨基酸,主要通过饮食补充。牛磺酸可与胆汁酸形成牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸(taurine-conjugated bile acids,Tau-Bas),而Tau-Bas经肠道微生物修饰转化或释放牛磺酸。牛磺酸和TauBas与肠道微生物相互作用,...牛磺酸是人体内广泛分布的非必需含硫氨基酸,主要通过饮食补充。牛磺酸可与胆汁酸形成牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸(taurine-conjugated bile acids,Tau-Bas),而Tau-Bas经肠道微生物修饰转化或释放牛磺酸。牛磺酸和TauBas与肠道微生物相互作用,对生理和病理过程都有重要影响。本文以牛磺酸和肠道微生物为对象,探讨了肠道菌群概况、体内牛磺酸的来源与转化、牛磺酸与肠道菌群的相互作用,以及给予牛磺酸对肠道菌群稳态的重塑作用。旨在深入阐释牛磺酸与肠道菌群的关系,为开发与菌群失调相关疾病的预防和治疗措施提供科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Program(ZHY2022-114)General program of Heilongjiang Province(LBHZ22251)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program(2022-QNRC1-27)。
文摘Calycosin,Astragali Radix most prominent ingredient,has drawn more attention as a result of its ability to treat atherosclerosis(AS).However,the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.We investigated the effects of calycosin on bile acid(BA)metabolism and gut microbiome in ApoE^(-/-)mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).The data showed that the aorta of ApoE^(-/-)mice treated with HFD showed significant atheromatous plaque formation and lipid accumulation,and the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly increased,while the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were significantly decreased.Calycosin can substantially regulate lipid levels,thereby alleviating liver lipid deposition induced by atherosclerosis.In addition,16S rRNA sequencing showed that calycosin treatment has reshaped the gut microbiota disturbed by HFD,in particular,increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes,and improving the relative abundance of Bilophila,Desulfovibrio,Bacteroides,Lactobacillus,etc.Meanwhile,targeted metabolomics analysis showed that calycosin treatment significantly modulated glycodeoxycholic acid(CDCA),taurocholic acids(TCA),lithocholic acid(LCA),deoxycholic acid(DCA),taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA)and BA pool composition,which were associated with atherosclerotic plaque areas.In addition,calycosin treatment also down-regulated farnesoid X receptor(FXR)protein levels and up-regulated cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1(CYP7A1)protein levels in the hepatic.At the same time,calycosin inhibits the ileum FXR/TGR5 signaling pathway,inhibits BA reabsorption,promotes BA excretion,and reduces hepatic cholesterol accumulation by enterohepatic circulation.In addition,we found that calycosin significantly promoted the expression of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1)and ABCG1 to mediate cholesterol efflux.Meanwhile,calycosin regulates gut microbiota,and Bacteroides,Alistipes,Desulfovibrio,Lactobacillus,Bilophila and Odoribacter are closely related to specific BAs.This enables us to further understand the relationship between BA metabolism and gut microbiota.Calycosin may reduce high-fat diet-induced hepatic cholesterol accumulation in ApoE^(-/-)mice through gut microbiota and BA metabolism,and play a role in treating AS.Finally,we confirmed that calycosin-altered gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation was sufficient to alleviate atherosclerosis.Taken together,our findings provide important insights into the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of calycosin on atherosclerosis.
基金by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803224)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH33)to X.G.+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973031)Cheeloo Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(21320089963054)to H.W.Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(2018WLJH34)the Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(LMDBKF-2019-05)to L.D.
文摘With the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndrome,such as insulin resistance in recent years,it is urgent to explore effective interventions to prevent the progression of obesity-related metabolic syndrome.Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid that is available from dietary sources,mainly derived from marine products.P almitoleic acid plays a positive role in maintaining glucose homeostasis and reducing inflammation.However,it is still unknow the mechanism of palmitoleic acid in ameliorating insulin resistance.Here,we investigated the effects of palmitoleic acid on chow diet(CD)-fed and high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,which were fed CD or HFD for 12 weeks before administration.We administrated mice with BSA(control),oleic acid,or palmitoleic acid for 6 weeks on top of CD or HFD feeding.We found that palmitoleic acid only improved glucose homeostasis in HFD-fed obese mice by increasing glucose clearance and reducing HOMA-IR.Further study explored that palmitoleic acid changed the composition of gut microbiota by decreasing Firmicutes population and increasing Bacteroidetes population.In colon,palmitoleic acid increased intestinal tight junction integrity and reduced inflammation.Moreover,palmitoleic acid decreased macrophage infiltration in liver and adipose tissue and increase glucose uptake in adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol(DAG)in tissue(for example,liver)is found to positively correlated with HOMA-IR.HFD enhanced the levels of DAGs in liver but not in adipose tissue in this study.Palmitoleic acid did not reverse the high DAG levels induced by HFD in liver.Therefore,in HFD-fed mice,palmitoleic acid reduced insulin resistance by an independent-manner of DAGs.It might be associated with the beneficial effects of palmitoleic acid on altering the gut microbiota composition,improving of intestinal barrier function,and downregulating the inflammation in colon,liver,and adipose tissue.
基金The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515010730)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001647)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972022)Financial and moral assistance supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515011996)111 Project(B17018)。
文摘In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81202583)the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(GJJ12145)+1 种基金Research Fund Project for Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Health Department of Jiangxi Province(2012A137)the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province(20151BBG70214)
文摘Objective To evaluate whether ursolic acid can inhibit breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP)-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vivo and in vitro. Methods Firstly, we explored the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU, a substrate of BCRP) in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid. Secondly, we studied the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats in the presence or absence of ursolic acid or Ko143(inhibitor of BCRP). Finially, the concentration-dependent transport of rosuvastatin and the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid and Ko143 were examined in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney(MDCK) Ⅱ-BCRP421CC(wild type) cells and MDCKⅡ-BCRP421AA(mutant type) cells. Results As a result, significant changes in pharmacokinetics parameters of 5-FU were observed in rats following pretreatment with ursolic acid. Both ursolic acid and Ko143 could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin. The rosuvastatin transport in the BCRP overexpressing system was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. However, there was no statistical difference in BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin betweent the wild type cells and mutant cells. The same as Ko143, ursolic acid inhibited BCRP-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro. Conclusion Ursolic acid appears to be a potent modulator of BCRP that affects the pharmacokinetic of rosuvastatin in vivo and inhibits the transport of rosuvastatin in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272331)。
文摘Atherosclerosis(AS)is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases.Hence,the prevention and treatment strategies of AS have attracted great research attention.As a potential probiotic,Pararabacteroides distasonis has a positive regulatory effect on lipid metabolism and bile acids(BAs)profile.Oligomeric procyanidins have been confirmed to be conducive to the prevention and treatment of AS,whose antiatherosclerotic effect may be associated with the promotion of gut probiotics.However,it remains unclear whether and how oligomeric procyanidins and P.distasonis combined(PPC)treatment can effectively alleviate high-fat diet(HFD)-induced AS.In this study,PPC treatment was found to significantly decrease atherosclerotic lesion,as well as alleviate the lipid metabolism disorder,inflammation and oxidative stress injury in ApoE^(-/-)mice.Surprisingly,targeted metabolomics demonstrated that PPC intervention altered the BA profile in mice by regulating the ratio of secondary BAs to primary BAs,and increased fecal BAs excretion.Further,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis showed that PPC intervention facilitated reverse cholesterol transport by upregulating Srb1 expression;In addition,PPC intervention promoted BA synthesis from cholesterol in liver by upregulating Cyp7a1 expression via suppression of the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)pathway,thus exhibiting a significant serum cholesterol-lowering effect.In summary,PPC attenuated HFD-induced AS in ApoE^(-/-)mice,which provides new insights into the design of novel and efficient anti-atherosclerotic strategies to prevent AS based on probiotics and prebiotics.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970916,81671031)the LU JIAXI International team program supported by the K.C.Wong Education Foundation and CAS and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.2016236).
文摘Obesity-induced insulin resistance is the hallmark of metabolic syndrome,and chronic,low-grade tissue inflammation links obesity to insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells.Current therapeutic approaches lack efficacy and immunomodulatory capacity.Thus,a new therapeutic approach is needed to prevent chronic inflammation and alleviate insulin resistance.Here,we synthesized a tetrahedral framework nucleic acid(tFNA)nanoparticle that carried resveratrol(RSV)to inhibit tissue inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in obese mice.The prepared nanoparticles,namely tFNAs-RSV,possessed the characteristics of simple synthesis,stable properties,good water solubility,and superior biocompatibility.The tFNA-based delivery ameliorated the lability of RSV and enhanced its therapeutic efficacy.In high-fat diet(HFD)-fed mice,the administration of tFNAs-RSV ameliorated insulin resistance by alleviating inflammation status.tFNAs-RSV could reverse M1 phenotype macrophages in tissues to M2 phenotype macrophages.As for adaptive immunity,the prepared nanoparticles could repress the activation of Th1 and Th17 and promote Th2 and Treg,leading to the alleviation of insulin resistance.Furthermore,this study is the first to demonstrate that tFNAs,a nucleic acid material,possess immunomodulatory capacity.Collectively,our findings demonstrate that tFNAs-RSV alleviate insulin resistance and ameliorate inflammation in HFD mice,suggesting that nucleic acid materials or nucleic acid-based delivery systems may be a potential agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82222071, 82273990, 82104253)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNMKF202208)
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.Bupleurum is widely used in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver,and saikosaponin D(SSD)is one of the main active components of Bupleurum.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SSD in the treatment of NAFLD and to explore the mechanism of SSD in the improvement of NAFLD based on“gut-liver axis”.Our results showed that SSD dose-dependently alleviated high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice,improved insulin sensitivity,and also reduced liver lipid accumulation and injury-related biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT).Further exploration found that SSD inhibited the mRNA expression levels of farnesoid X receptor(Fxr),small heterodimer partner(Shp),recombinant fibroblast growth factor 15(Fgf15)and apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter(Asbt)in the intestine,suggesting that SSD improved liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting intestinal FXR signaling.SSD can significantly reduce the gut microbiota associated with bile salt hydrolase(BSH)expression,such as Clostridium.Decreased BSH expression reduced the ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids,thereby inhibiting the intestinal FXR.These data demonstrated that SSD ameliorated NAFLD potentially through the gut microbiota-bile acidintestinal FXR pathway and suggested that SSD is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.
基金supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum (East China) (SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-06)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130401)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52104055,52250410349)Major Science and Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation Limited (2021ZZ01-08)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (ZR2021ME171)。
文摘CO_(2) flooding is a vital development method for enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs,However,micro-fractures are developed in low-permeability reservoirs,which are essential oil flow channels but can also cause severe CO_(2) gas channeling problems.Therefore,anti-gas channeling is a necessary measure to improve the effect of CO_(2) flooding.The kind of anti-gas channeling refers to the plugging of fractures in the deep formation to prevent CO_(2) gas channeling,which is different from the wellbore leakage.Polymer microspheres have the characteristics of controllable deep plugging,which can achieve the profile control of low-permeability fractured reservoirs.In acidic environments with supercritical CO_(2),traditional polymer microspheres have poor expandability and plugging properties.Based on previous work,a systematic evaluation of the expansion performance,dispersion rheological properties,stability,deep migration,anti-CO_(2) channeling and enhanced oil recovery ability of a novel acid-resistant polymer microsphere(DCNPM-A)was carried out under CQ oilifield conditions(salinity of85,000 mg/L,80℃,pH=3).The results show that the DCNPM-A microsphere had a better expansion performance than the traditional microsphere,with a swelling rate of 13.5.The microsphere dispersion with a concentration of 0.1%-0.5%had the advantages of low viscosity,high dispersion and good injectability in the low permeability fractured core.In the acidic environment of supercritical CO_(2),DCNPM-A microspheres showed excellent stability and could maintain strength for over 60 d with less loss.In core experiments,DCNPM-A microspheres exhibited delayed swelling characteristics and could effectively plug deep formations.With a plugging rate of 95%,the subsequent enhanced oil recovery of CO_(2) flooding could reach 21.03%.The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis for anti-CO_(2)channeling and enhanced oil recovery in low-permeability fractured reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072227,32021005)111 Project(BP0719028)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Bifi dobacterium breve CCFM683 on psoriasis and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.B.breve CCFM683 significantly ameliorated psoriasis in mice as well as elevated the deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)in the colon compared with those of the imiquimod(IMQ)-treated mice.Meanwhile,B.breve CCFM683 increased the relative abundance of DCA-producing Lachnoclostridium and diminished the harmful Desulfovibrio and Prevotellaceae UCG001.Additionally,the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)in the skin was activated and the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway was inhibited,and the downstream interleukin(IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere downregulated whereas IL-10 was up-regulated.Moreover,the subsequent hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier were improved.In conclusion,CCFM683 administration ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis via modulating gut microbiota,promoting the DCA production,regulating the FXR-TLR4/NF-κB pathway,diminishing proinflammatory cytokines,and regulating keratinocytes and epidermal barrier.These findings may be conducive to elucidating the mechanism for probiotics to ameliorate psoriasis and to promote its clinical trials in skin disease.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding of the project by SINOPEC(No.118001-6).
文摘Small-cell HSY-S zeolite prepared by the gas-phase ultra-stable method had been researched and developed,and industrial preparation tests of HSY-S have been successfully carried out for the first time.The acid resistance of industrially prepared HSY-S was investigated by acid solutions with different pH values.The structures and properties of HSY-S and its acid-treated samples were characterized by XRD,XRF,BET,and IR.Results show that the HSY-S samples have the characteristics of high crystallinity,good stability,large specific surface area,and good acid resistance.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2018YFC0311201)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M672147).
文摘It is unclear how docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)improves insulin resistance via modulating gut microbiome in obese individuals.We used diet-induced obesity(DIO)mice as a model to study the effects of DHA-rich fish oil(DHA-FO)on host metabolic disorders and colonic microbiome.DHA-FO reduced fat deposition,regulated lipid profiles and alleviated insulin resistance in DIO mice.Probably because DHA-FO prevented the permeation of lipopolysaccharide across intestinal epithelial barrier,and promoted peptide YY(PYY)secretion via the mediation of short chain fatty acids receptor(FFAR2)in colon.Furthermore,DHA-FO might regulate PYY expression by reversing microbial dysbiosis,including increasing the abundance ofAkkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus,and suppressing the growth of Helicobacter.DHA-FO also altered gut microbial function(e.g."linoleic acid metabolism")associated with PYY expression(r>0.80,P<0.05).Herein,DHA-FO enhanced insulin action on glucose metabolism by altering gut microbiome and facilitating colonic PYY expression in DIO mice.
基金Supported by the Grant from the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(2008810)
文摘Objective To investigate the potential role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 （NOD1）, a component of the innate immune system, in mediating lipid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Methods Adipocytes from Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency mice were used for stimulation experiments. The effect of oleate/palmitate mixture on nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） activation was analyzed by reporter plasmid assay. The release of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines production was determined by using real-time PCR. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was measured by 2-deoxy-D-[SH] glucose uptake assay. Chemokine/cytokine expression and glucose uptake in adipocytes transfected with small interfering RNA （siRNA） targeting NOD 1 upon fatty acids treatment were analyzed. Results Oleate/palmitate mixture activated the NF-κB pathway and induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-R, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expressions in adipocytes from mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, and these effects were blocked by siRNA targeting NOD1. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids decreased the ability of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, siRNA targeting NOD 1 partially reversed saturated fatty acid-induced suppression of insulin-induced glucose uptake. Conclusion NOD1 might play an important role in saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which reduced NOD1 activity confers beneficial effects on insulin action.
文摘The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.
文摘Enzyme-linked colorimetric analysis and adioimmunoassay were employed to detect serum fasting total bile acids(FBA) and choloyglycin (CG) respectively in cases of 32 neonatal hepatitis , 33 cases of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and 34 cases of breast milk jaundice(BMJ). FBA and CG in acute period of neonatal hepatitis were obviously elevated and decreased gradually in convalescent and recovered period. The difference was significant for each stage as compared with controls. Acute FBA correlated strongly with the course. Both neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and BMJ differed significantly from controls in FBA and CG. The results suggested that serum FBA and CG were helpful in Judging the course and state of neonatal hepatitis, and cholestasis might existed in neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
文摘To examine the hypothesis that plasma bile acid (BA) level is correlated with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: The level of plasma total bile acid (TBA) in 88 patients with EH and in 11 spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) were measured, and regression analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressures with plasma TBA was performed. Results: Plasma TBA level in EH patients was significantly higher than that in normotensive subjects (7. 35±3. 38μmol/L vs 4. 94±3. 25 μmol/L, PRO. of ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was significantly higher than that in Wistar--Kyoto (WKY) rats (13. 16±3. 58 μmol/L vs 10. 42±2. 24 μmol/L,P<0. 05); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was the highest in stage Ⅲ (9. 54±4. 12 μmol/L, n ＝25), the lowest in stage Ⅰ (5. 76±3. 33 μmol/L, n＝33), and middle in stage Ⅱ (7. 32±4. 52 μmol/L, n＝30); Plasma TBA level in patients with EH was positively correlated with both systolic (r= 0. 33, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressure (r＝0. 46, P＜0．01 ); Plasma TBA level in SHR was positively correlated with both systolic (r＝0. 82, P<0. 01 ) and diastolic blood pressures (r＝0. 69, P<0. 01). Conclusion: elevated level of plasma TBA in patients with EH and in SHR may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
文摘Bile acids are the main body of enterohepatic circulation in vivo.They have essential functions such as emulsifying fat,bacteriostasis and regulating multiple metabolic pathways as signal molecules.However,the assignments of NMR signals for some lowconcentration bile acids are still needed.This study combined 1D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and 2D NMR techniques including 1He1H correlation spectroscopy(COSY),1He1H total correlation spectroscopy(TOCSY),1H J-resolved spectroscopy(J-Res),1He13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy(HSQC),and 1He13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy(HMBC)to assign the 1H and 13C signals of six bile acids in aqueous solution at physiological pH(~7.4)and nine bile acids in methanol.These data are of importance to the NMR-based studies on lipid digestion,absorption,and metabolism.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30170764)
文摘The contents of seven different phenolic acids such as gallic acid, catechinic acid, pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid in the poplar leaves （Populus Simonii×Populus Pyramibalis c.v and Populus deltoids） suffocated by Methyl jasmonate （MeJA） and Methyl salicylate （MeSA） were monitored for analyzing their functions in interplant communications by using high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）.The results showed that the contents of phenolic acids had obviously difference in leaves exposed to either MeSA or MeJA.When P.deltoides leaves exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and benzoic acid was increased, gallic acid in leaves treated with MeJA comes to a peak at 24 h while to a peak at 12-d having leaves treated with MeSA.When P.Simonii ×P.Pyramibalis c.v leaves were exposed to MeJA or MeSA, the level of gallic acid, pyrocatechol and ferulic acid was increased; The catechinic acid and benzoic acid had a little drop; The caffeic acid and coumaric acid were undetected in both suffocated and control leaves.This changed pattern indicated that MeJA and MeSA can act as airborne signals to induce defense response of plants.
文摘牛磺酸是人体内广泛分布的非必需含硫氨基酸,主要通过饮食补充。牛磺酸可与胆汁酸形成牛磺酸结合型胆汁酸(taurine-conjugated bile acids,Tau-Bas),而Tau-Bas经肠道微生物修饰转化或释放牛磺酸。牛磺酸和TauBas与肠道微生物相互作用,对生理和病理过程都有重要影响。本文以牛磺酸和肠道微生物为对象,探讨了肠道菌群概况、体内牛磺酸的来源与转化、牛磺酸与肠道菌群的相互作用,以及给予牛磺酸对肠道菌群稳态的重塑作用。旨在深入阐释牛磺酸与肠道菌群的关系,为开发与菌群失调相关疾病的预防和治疗措施提供科学依据。
