Aim Evidence has shown that stimulation of alA-adrenorecetors receptor （alA-AR） or angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R） acutely down-regulates the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ＋ current （IKr） via...Aim Evidence has shown that stimulation of alA-adrenorecetors receptor （alA-AR） or angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R） acutely down-regulates the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ＋ current （IKr） via protein kinase C （PKC）. This study was designed to investigate which PKC isozymes mediate down-regulations of IKr by alA-AR and AT1R. Method The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr in native cardio- myocytes and in human embryonic kidney （HEK） 293 cells co-transfected with human ether-a-go-go related gene （hERG） encoding α-subunit of IKr and human alA-AR or AT1R gene. Result In isolated guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKr was little affected by Go6976 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β and γ） and Go6983 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β, γ , δ, and ζ）, but was significantly antagonized by an inter- nal dialysis with PKCe-selective inhibitory peptide εV1 -2. In contrast, the inhibitory action of alA-AR agonist A61603 on IKr was remarkably attenuated by Go6976 or Go6983, but not affected by peptide εV1 -2. Moreover, specific PKC-selective inhibitory peptide antagonized the effect of A61603. The results suggested that PKCe and PKCα isoform respectively mediated the inhibitory effect of AT1R and a1A-AR. In heterologous expression system, both PKCα and e-selective activator peptides down regulated hERG current with different manner. PKCα activator peptide shifted the activation curve of the channel to the right, but PKCe-selective activator peptide did not. Simi- larly, A61603 shifted the activation curve to the right, whereas Ang Ⅱ had no effect. In addition, both A61603 and PKCα activator peptide showed inhibitory action on bERG A PKC current （an bERG mutant in which 17 of the 18 ROSITE-predicted PKC acceptor serines/threonines were changed to alanine） with a similar potency to wild type bERG current. But, both Ang Ⅱ and PKCe-selective activator peptide exhibited no effects on bERG △ PKC cur- rent. The results indicated that PKCα and PKCe isoforms down-regulated bERG current through different mecha- nism. Conclusion PKCα and PKCe isoform respectively mediates the inhibition on IKr by stimulation of AT1R and alA-AR via different molecular mechanism.展开更多
Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology deri...Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology derivation. A series of TL rectifiers are derived by using double TL and multi TL methods, and their characteristics are compared at the same time. A novel seven-switch double TL rectifier is constructed, and its operational principle and control algorithm are illustrated as well. Lastly, its waveform and harmonic spectrum are compared to those of multi TL rectifiers, and the adopted rectifier gains better performance and unit PF.展开更多
Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hin...Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hinder system integration due to their specific manufacturing processes.Conversely,metal oxide diodes,with their simple fabrication techniques,offer advantages for system integration.The oxygen vacancy defect of oxide semiconductor will greatly affect the electrical performance of the device,so the performance of the diode can be effectively controlled by adjusting the oxygen vacancy concentration.This study centers on optimizing the performance of diodes by modulating the oxygen vacancy concentration within InGaZnO films through control of oxygen flows during the sputtering process.Experimental results demonstrate that the diode exhibits a forward current density of 43.82 A·cm^(−2),with a rectification ratio of 6.94×10^(4),efficiently rectifying input sine signals with 1 kHz frequency and 5 V magnitude.These results demonstrate its potential in energy conversion and management.By adjusting the oxygen vacancy,a methodology is provided for optimizing the performance of rectifying diodes.展开更多
新型脉冲功率设备对直流侧母线电压提出较高的性能要求,为减小脉冲负载对直流电压波动率的影响,建立带脉冲负载三相整流器拓扑结构及数学模型,并在现有无源控制(passivity based control,PBC)设计的基础上,以保证系统稳定性为前提,提出...新型脉冲功率设备对直流侧母线电压提出较高的性能要求,为减小脉冲负载对直流电压波动率的影响,建立带脉冲负载三相整流器拓扑结构及数学模型,并在现有无源控制(passivity based control,PBC)设计的基础上,以保证系统稳定性为前提,提出注入虚拟储能的无源控制算法(virtual energy storage injection PBC,VESI-PBC),该算法以提高能量函数收敛速度为目标,可有效降低直流母线电压波动率,提高抗负载扰动能力。分别基于根轨迹法和时域分析法,讨论VESI-PBC引入储能矩阵后,增大虚拟电感值L_(n)对系统的稳定性和动态性能的影响。为满足直流侧性能要求和保证系统稳定性,利用脉冲负载对直流电压波动率的影响规律,提出L_(n)自适应选取函数f(f_(PL)),使L_(n)自适应平衡系统高频毛刺和低频强脉冲冲击的不同需求。最后,通过仿真及实际试验,验证VESI-PBC算法对减小直流母线电压波动率的有效性,并指出该算法的实质是控制内环电流超前响应直流电压的动态变化及其变化趋势,由此具有较强的抗负载扰动能力,适用于负载脉冲功率等级高、动态特性强烈的场合。展开更多
文摘Aim Evidence has shown that stimulation of alA-adrenorecetors receptor （alA-AR） or angiotensin II type 1 receptor （AT1R） acutely down-regulates the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K ＋ current （IKr） via protein kinase C （PKC）. This study was designed to investigate which PKC isozymes mediate down-regulations of IKr by alA-AR and AT1R. Method The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record IKr in native cardio- myocytes and in human embryonic kidney （HEK） 293 cells co-transfected with human ether-a-go-go related gene （hERG） encoding α-subunit of IKr and human alA-AR or AT1R gene. Result In isolated guinea-pig ventricular cardiomyocytes the inhibitory action of Ang II on IKr was little affected by Go6976 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β and γ） and Go6983 （selectively inhibiting PKCα, β, γ , δ, and ζ）, but was significantly antagonized by an inter- nal dialysis with PKCe-selective inhibitory peptide εV1 -2. In contrast, the inhibitory action of alA-AR agonist A61603 on IKr was remarkably attenuated by Go6976 or Go6983, but not affected by peptide εV1 -2. Moreover, specific PKC-selective inhibitory peptide antagonized the effect of A61603. The results suggested that PKCe and PKCα isoform respectively mediated the inhibitory effect of AT1R and a1A-AR. In heterologous expression system, both PKCα and e-selective activator peptides down regulated hERG current with different manner. PKCα activator peptide shifted the activation curve of the channel to the right, but PKCe-selective activator peptide did not. Simi- larly, A61603 shifted the activation curve to the right, whereas Ang Ⅱ had no effect. In addition, both A61603 and PKCα activator peptide showed inhibitory action on bERG A PKC current （an bERG mutant in which 17 of the 18 ROSITE-predicted PKC acceptor serines/threonines were changed to alanine） with a similar potency to wild type bERG current. But, both Ang Ⅱ and PKCe-selective activator peptide exhibited no effects on bERG △ PKC cur- rent. The results indicated that PKCα and PKCe isoforms down-regulated bERG current through different mecha- nism. Conclusion PKCα and PKCe isoform respectively mediates the inhibition on IKr by stimulation of AT1R and alA-AR via different molecular mechanism.
基金National Nature Science Foundation of China(50277017)
文摘Based on a neutral point diode clamped eight-switch configuration, a general mathematical model of single phase bi-directional three-level (TL) rectifiers is built by proposing two equivalent TL arms for topology derivation. A series of TL rectifiers are derived by using double TL and multi TL methods, and their characteristics are compared at the same time. A novel seven-switch double TL rectifier is constructed, and its operational principle and control algorithm are illustrated as well. Lastly, its waveform and harmonic spectrum are compared to those of multi TL rectifiers, and the adopted rectifier gains better performance and unit PF.
文摘Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hinder system integration due to their specific manufacturing processes.Conversely,metal oxide diodes,with their simple fabrication techniques,offer advantages for system integration.The oxygen vacancy defect of oxide semiconductor will greatly affect the electrical performance of the device,so the performance of the diode can be effectively controlled by adjusting the oxygen vacancy concentration.This study centers on optimizing the performance of diodes by modulating the oxygen vacancy concentration within InGaZnO films through control of oxygen flows during the sputtering process.Experimental results demonstrate that the diode exhibits a forward current density of 43.82 A·cm^(−2),with a rectification ratio of 6.94×10^(4),efficiently rectifying input sine signals with 1 kHz frequency and 5 V magnitude.These results demonstrate its potential in energy conversion and management.By adjusting the oxygen vacancy,a methodology is provided for optimizing the performance of rectifying diodes.
文摘新型脉冲功率设备对直流侧母线电压提出较高的性能要求,为减小脉冲负载对直流电压波动率的影响,建立带脉冲负载三相整流器拓扑结构及数学模型,并在现有无源控制(passivity based control,PBC)设计的基础上,以保证系统稳定性为前提,提出注入虚拟储能的无源控制算法(virtual energy storage injection PBC,VESI-PBC),该算法以提高能量函数收敛速度为目标,可有效降低直流母线电压波动率,提高抗负载扰动能力。分别基于根轨迹法和时域分析法,讨论VESI-PBC引入储能矩阵后,增大虚拟电感值L_(n)对系统的稳定性和动态性能的影响。为满足直流侧性能要求和保证系统稳定性,利用脉冲负载对直流电压波动率的影响规律,提出L_(n)自适应选取函数f(f_(PL)),使L_(n)自适应平衡系统高频毛刺和低频强脉冲冲击的不同需求。最后,通过仿真及实际试验,验证VESI-PBC算法对减小直流母线电压波动率的有效性,并指出该算法的实质是控制内环电流超前响应直流电压的动态变化及其变化趋势,由此具有较强的抗负载扰动能力,适用于负载脉冲功率等级高、动态特性强烈的场合。
