Based on the comprehensive comparison of vehicle performance in economy,engine power,driving smoothness,and efficiency cost as well as pollutant emission etc,the paper discussed the high value CVT concept from an angl...Based on the comprehensive comparison of vehicle performance in economy,engine power,driving smoothness,and efficiency cost as well as pollutant emission etc,the paper discussed the high value CVT concept from an angle of the cost effective and powerful for vehicle.In the paper,it researched the related technical detail in CVT.By means of realizing the continuous change in transmission ratio,it could obtain the optimal matching between transmission system and engine operating mode,and enhance the characteristic of fuel oil in economy,and also improve the convenience in manipulation for driver and make passenger comfortable.For easy to understand the concept,the paper made the comparison analysis in many aspects such as performance,transmission specification,high value CVT hybrid,orifice torque sensor,hydraulic system,high value CVT em,new chain portfolio and assessment of the high value CVT on the NEDC.Finally it showed the potential advantages of CVT technology development,and proposed future developing trends to realize technical scheme of high value CVT.展开更多
Urban transportation is closely related to land use. The changes of transportation cost and accessibility have a direct impact on land use and land prices. Land exploitation and land use play a role of redistributing ...Urban transportation is closely related to land use. The changes of transportation cost and accessibility have a direct impact on land use and land prices. Land exploitation and land use play a role of redistributing traffic flow in the urban districts. Real property values are regarded as a sole comprehensive index representing all the benefits generated by transport investment. We have applied the theory of time value on transportation to land price model to evaluate the increased value of real estate resulting from improved accessibility. Agency responsible for the development of urban transport infrastructure can capture part of the financial benefit gained by real estate development through a variety of value capture. This enables us to transfer indirect benefit of transport infrastructure construction to transport enterprise and achieve a benign cycle between urban transport investment and land exploitation.展开更多
为分析影响低空出行意愿的主要影响因素和影响路径,基于出行意愿模型及价值-风险分析构建了结构方程模型,量化出行偏好、出行特征、感知价值、感知风险对低空出行意愿的相互作用机理,利用未加权最小二乘法求解路径系数,并开展了感知价...为分析影响低空出行意愿的主要影响因素和影响路径,基于出行意愿模型及价值-风险分析构建了结构方程模型,量化出行偏好、出行特征、感知价值、感知风险对低空出行意愿的相互作用机理,利用未加权最小二乘法求解路径系数,并开展了感知价值、感知风险等对出行偏好的中介效应分析,以及性别、年龄等出行者个体信息的多群组模型不变性分析,最后利用模糊集定性比较分析(fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis,fsQCA)方法分析了出行意愿的前因变量构成组态。结果表明:结构模型卡方自由度比、RMSEA(root mean square error of approximation)值、CFI(comparative fit index)值分别为3.803、0.063、0.938,通过了模型检验;感知价值(0.38)是直接影响出行意愿的最重要因素,出行特征(0.08)对出行意愿有正向直接影响,感知风险(-0.22)有负向直接影响,但出行偏好对出行意愿无显著影响;出行偏好对出行意愿呈现负效应,出行特征、感知价值对出行偏好产生了遮掩效应,感知风险则对其产生了中介效应;出行者个体信息中税前年收入对模型起调节作用,随着出行距离的增加,高收入群体较低收入群体使用低空飞行器意愿更大,同时高收入群体对低空飞行器在技术成熟度、事故严重程度等感知风险方面更加敏感;fsQCA分析表明,有3种组态可以形成出行意愿,其中组态3(出行特征、感知价值型)样本覆盖率最高,能解释48.9%的样本案例数量,当出行者属于高峰时段必要出行,且对低空出行舒适度、私密性等存在正面认知时,会产生低空出行倾向。研究结论可为低空飞行器推广促进和政策制定提供数据支撑。展开更多
文摘Based on the comprehensive comparison of vehicle performance in economy,engine power,driving smoothness,and efficiency cost as well as pollutant emission etc,the paper discussed the high value CVT concept from an angle of the cost effective and powerful for vehicle.In the paper,it researched the related technical detail in CVT.By means of realizing the continuous change in transmission ratio,it could obtain the optimal matching between transmission system and engine operating mode,and enhance the characteristic of fuel oil in economy,and also improve the convenience in manipulation for driver and make passenger comfortable.For easy to understand the concept,the paper made the comparison analysis in many aspects such as performance,transmission specification,high value CVT hybrid,orifice torque sensor,hydraulic system,high value CVT em,new chain portfolio and assessment of the high value CVT on the NEDC.Finally it showed the potential advantages of CVT technology development,and proposed future developing trends to realize technical scheme of high value CVT.
文摘Urban transportation is closely related to land use. The changes of transportation cost and accessibility have a direct impact on land use and land prices. Land exploitation and land use play a role of redistributing traffic flow in the urban districts. Real property values are regarded as a sole comprehensive index representing all the benefits generated by transport investment. We have applied the theory of time value on transportation to land price model to evaluate the increased value of real estate resulting from improved accessibility. Agency responsible for the development of urban transport infrastructure can capture part of the financial benefit gained by real estate development through a variety of value capture. This enables us to transfer indirect benefit of transport infrastructure construction to transport enterprise and achieve a benign cycle between urban transport investment and land exploitation.
文摘为分析影响低空出行意愿的主要影响因素和影响路径,基于出行意愿模型及价值-风险分析构建了结构方程模型,量化出行偏好、出行特征、感知价值、感知风险对低空出行意愿的相互作用机理,利用未加权最小二乘法求解路径系数,并开展了感知价值、感知风险等对出行偏好的中介效应分析,以及性别、年龄等出行者个体信息的多群组模型不变性分析,最后利用模糊集定性比较分析(fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis,fsQCA)方法分析了出行意愿的前因变量构成组态。结果表明:结构模型卡方自由度比、RMSEA(root mean square error of approximation)值、CFI(comparative fit index)值分别为3.803、0.063、0.938,通过了模型检验;感知价值(0.38)是直接影响出行意愿的最重要因素,出行特征(0.08)对出行意愿有正向直接影响,感知风险(-0.22)有负向直接影响,但出行偏好对出行意愿无显著影响;出行偏好对出行意愿呈现负效应,出行特征、感知价值对出行偏好产生了遮掩效应,感知风险则对其产生了中介效应;出行者个体信息中税前年收入对模型起调节作用,随着出行距离的增加,高收入群体较低收入群体使用低空飞行器意愿更大,同时高收入群体对低空飞行器在技术成熟度、事故严重程度等感知风险方面更加敏感;fsQCA分析表明,有3种组态可以形成出行意愿,其中组态3(出行特征、感知价值型)样本覆盖率最高,能解释48.9%的样本案例数量,当出行者属于高峰时段必要出行,且对低空出行舒适度、私密性等存在正面认知时,会产生低空出行倾向。研究结论可为低空飞行器推广促进和政策制定提供数据支撑。
