Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch dr...Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.展开更多
Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.How...Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.展开更多
The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI)...The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.展开更多
为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d...为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)(F1);(3)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2);(4)栽后20 d滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)+栽后50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F3),研究了滴灌条件下不同水溶肥处理对鲜食甘薯植株干重、块根产量、块根淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均显著高于对照,不同水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均为F2>F3>F1。济薯26在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产10.04%、28.60%和19.23%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产10.88%、29.55%和21.29%;烟薯25在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产7.62%、27.79%和20.12%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产8.52%、29.17%和19.90%。甘薯生长中后期,F2处理的蔓长、叶片数、地上部干重均显著低于其他处理,块根干重均显著高于其他处理。F2处理的淀粉含量显著低于其他处理,可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。因此,在本试验条件下(土壤速效氮含量≤80 mg kg–1),栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N︰P_(2)O_(5)︰K_(2)O=8︰12︰35,腐植酸≥3%)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2处理)为最优施肥处理。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52269011,52469008)。
文摘Sediment particles,as one of the key components of drip irrigation technology,significantly affect the service life of emitters and restrict the popularization of drip irrigation technology.Hence,two types of patch drip irrigation emitters,focusing on the anti-clogging performance through the experiment,were investigated.The dynamic variations in the clogging characteristics of emitters,specifically were subjected to statistical analysis.The movement mechanism of emitter clogging and discharging sediment was studied.The effects of emitter structure and position factors on emitter clogging were analyzed.The results show that the pressure-compensated emitter exhibits superior anti-clogging perfor-mance,with a service life that is 227.8%greater than that of the labyrinth channel emitter.A single structural factor cannot completely evaluate the anti-clogging performance of emitters.All factors causing emitter clogging should be considered comprehensively.Emitters contain sensitive sediment prone to clogging,however,significant blockage occurs primarily when the sediment content is elevated.The discharge of sediment,denoted as V90,from the emitter is affected by the accumulative effect of clogged sediment.These results may offer valuable insights for the application and advancement of drip irrigation technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31250512).
文摘Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109102,51469010,51769010)the basic research project of Yunnan Province(2014FB130)key project of education department in Yunnan Province(2011Z035)
文摘The objective of this study was to obtain the water-saving and efficient production mode of Arabica coffee. The effects of three drip irrigation modes,conventional drip irrigation( CDI),alternate drip irrigation( ADI) and fixed drip irrigation( FDI) on growth,photosynthetic characteristics,biomass accumulation and irrigation water use efficiency of Arabica coffee were investigated under three nitrogen levels,high nitrogen( NH),middle nitrogen( NM) and low nitrogen( NL). The results show that there was a significant Logistic curve between the plant height,the stem diameter of Arabica coffee and growth days. Compared with CDI,ADI had no significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,instantaneous water use efficiency and biomass accumulation above ground of Arabica coffee,while FDI decreased significantly,ADI and FDI increased irrigation water use efficiency by 50. 59% and 32. 85%,respectively. Compared with NH,with the reduction of N application rate,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,biomass accumulation above ground and irrigation water use efficiency decreased by 6. 81%-12. 30%,13. 70%-22. 69%,9. 61%-16. 67% and 9. 78%-15. 64%,respectively. Compared with CDINH,ADINHdecreased net photosynthesis rate and the stomatal conductance not significantly,other treatments decreased by 9. 16%-19. 22%,14. 49%-32. 91%,and decreased biomass accumulation above ground by 8. 26%-27. 34% except ADINH,and increased irrigation water use efficiency by 16. 46%-60. 95% except CDINMand CDINL. Therefore,alternate drip irrigation under high N level( ADINH) is the best water and nitrogen coupling mode of young Arabica coffee tree for water efficiency.
文摘为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响,在山东省平阴县和泗水县,以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料,设置4个处理:(1)基施复合肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=15∶15∶15)450 kg hm^(–2)(CK);(2)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)(F1);(3)栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2);(4)栽后20 d滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=16∶6∶36)150 kg hm^(–2)+栽后50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P_(2)O_(5):K_(2)O=8∶12∶35)150 kg hm^(–2)(F3),研究了滴灌条件下不同水溶肥处理对鲜食甘薯植株干重、块根产量、块根淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均显著高于对照,不同水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均为F2>F3>F1。济薯26在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产10.04%、28.60%和19.23%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产10.88%、29.55%和21.29%;烟薯25在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产7.62%、27.79%和20.12%,在泗水试验点分别比对照增产8.52%、29.17%和19.90%。甘薯生长中后期,F2处理的蔓长、叶片数、地上部干重均显著低于其他处理,块根干重均显著高于其他处理。F2处理的淀粉含量显著低于其他处理,可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。因此,在本试验条件下(土壤速效氮含量≤80 mg kg–1),栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N︰P_(2)O_(5)︰K_(2)O=8︰12︰35,腐植酸≥3%)150 kg hm^(–2)(F2处理)为最优施肥处理。
