Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging f...Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).展开更多
In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characte...In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characteristics of the working processes in the TRPE, corresponding differential equations were established and then simplified by period features of the TRPE. Finally, the major boundary conditions were figured out. The changing trends of mass, pressure and temperature of working fuel in the working chamber during a complete engine cycle were presented. The simulation results are consistent with the trends of an actual working cycle in the TRPE, which indicates that the method of simulation is feasible. As the pressure in the working chamber is calculated, all the performance parameters of the TRPE can be obtained. The major performance indicators, such as the indicated mean effective pressure, power to weight ratio and the volume power, are also acquired. Compared with three different types of conventional engines, the TRPE has a bigger utilization ratio of cylinder volume, a higher power to weight ratio and a more compact structure. This indicates that TRPE is superior to conventional engines.展开更多
In order to calculate the activity coefficients of water in aqueous solution of metal electrolytes, a simplified model predicting them in ternary or multicomponent solutions with common anions from the activity data o...In order to calculate the activity coefficients of water in aqueous solution of metal electrolytes, a simplified model predicting them in ternary or multicomponent solutions with common anions from the activity data of water of the corresponding binary systems has been developed based on an assumption that the electrolytes in the solution are treated as independent particles instead of their ion forms, and the interaction of the salt( i ) salt( j ) pair in the solution is assumed to be much weaker than that of water salt pair due to the common anions of both of salts. The model was applied to the systems such as KCl H 2O NaCl, MCl H 2O M′Cl 2 (M represents Na and K, M′ represents Ca and Ba) and KCl H 2O NaCl BaCl 2 with satisfying results. The interchange energies of the studied component pairs between water and salts have also been determined by the corresponding binary aqueous solutions.展开更多
To increase the efficiency and reliability of the thermodynamics analysis of the hydraulic system, the method based on pseudo-bond graph is introduced. According to the working mechanism of hydraulic components, they ...To increase the efficiency and reliability of the thermodynamics analysis of the hydraulic system, the method based on pseudo-bond graph is introduced. According to the working mechanism of hydraulic components, they can be separated into two categories: capacitive components and resistive components. Then, the thermal-hydraulic pseudo-bond graphs of capacitive C element and resistance R element were developed, based on the conservation of mass and energy. Subsequently, the connection rule for the pseudo-bond graph elements and the method to construct the complete thermal-hydraulic system model were proposed. On the basis of heat transfer analysis of a typical hydraulic circuit containing a piston pump, the lumped parameter mathematical model of the system was given. The good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data demonstrates the validity of the modeling method.展开更多
文摘Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).
基金Project(7131109)supported by the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of ChinaProject(51175500)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study the major performance indicators of the twin-rotor piston engine(TRPE), Matlab/simulink was used to simulate the mathematical models of its thermodynamic processes. With consideration of the characteristics of the working processes in the TRPE, corresponding differential equations were established and then simplified by period features of the TRPE. Finally, the major boundary conditions were figured out. The changing trends of mass, pressure and temperature of working fuel in the working chamber during a complete engine cycle were presented. The simulation results are consistent with the trends of an actual working cycle in the TRPE, which indicates that the method of simulation is feasible. As the pressure in the working chamber is calculated, all the performance parameters of the TRPE can be obtained. The major performance indicators, such as the indicated mean effective pressure, power to weight ratio and the volume power, are also acquired. Compared with three different types of conventional engines, the TRPE has a bigger utilization ratio of cylinder volume, a higher power to weight ratio and a more compact structure. This indicates that TRPE is superior to conventional engines.
文摘In order to calculate the activity coefficients of water in aqueous solution of metal electrolytes, a simplified model predicting them in ternary or multicomponent solutions with common anions from the activity data of water of the corresponding binary systems has been developed based on an assumption that the electrolytes in the solution are treated as independent particles instead of their ion forms, and the interaction of the salt( i ) salt( j ) pair in the solution is assumed to be much weaker than that of water salt pair due to the common anions of both of salts. The model was applied to the systems such as KCl H 2O NaCl, MCl H 2O M′Cl 2 (M represents Na and K, M′ represents Ca and Ba) and KCl H 2O NaCl BaCl 2 with satisfying results. The interchange energies of the studied component pairs between water and salts have also been determined by the corresponding binary aqueous solutions.
基金Project(51175518)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To increase the efficiency and reliability of the thermodynamics analysis of the hydraulic system, the method based on pseudo-bond graph is introduced. According to the working mechanism of hydraulic components, they can be separated into two categories: capacitive components and resistive components. Then, the thermal-hydraulic pseudo-bond graphs of capacitive C element and resistance R element were developed, based on the conservation of mass and energy. Subsequently, the connection rule for the pseudo-bond graph elements and the method to construct the complete thermal-hydraulic system model were proposed. On the basis of heat transfer analysis of a typical hydraulic circuit containing a piston pump, the lumped parameter mathematical model of the system was given. The good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data demonstrates the validity of the modeling method.
