This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for pr...This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for process optimization.The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction time,50 rain;microwave power,800 W;and amount of water addition for pretreatment,40%.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of essential oil was 0.92%.A total of 35 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the obtained essential oil with a total content of 91.06%,mostly consisting of ylangene(34.81%),β-himachalene(10.74%)andα-bergamotene(9.22%).The ICs0 value of the essential oil against DPPH free radicals was determined as 3.01 mg/mL.In conclusion,solvent-free microwave extraction is a feasible method for essential oil extraction from Schisandra chinensis fruits.展开更多
Objective:Aim To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.Methods:Essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.was extracted by using supercritical fluid ex...Objective:Aim To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.Methods:Essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.was extracted by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE),and the chemical constituents to be identified by GC/MS spectrum.Results:The yield of essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.by SFE was 6.60%(V/W)and 73 components were identified in this oil.Conclusions:The essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.was produced for the first time,and its yield was 3 times more than its root,the relative contents of linoleic acid,cetyl acetate,ethyl linoleate,(-)-caryophyllene oxide are 34.85%,16.63%,2.64%,1.81% apart in this essential oil.Phytol,cetyl acetate,ethyl linoleate,(-)-caryophyllene oxide were confirmed for the first time from the genus of Bupleurum.展开更多
Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation ...Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation and direct steam distillation method. Among their composition, the main components are terpene compounds, which account for 93.926% (mass fraction, the same below) and 85.843% of essential oils extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel, respectively. Although nootkatone is the major contributor of shaddock characteristic scent, and its contents are 1.069% and 1.749% of essential oils from Sweet shaddock peel and Shatian shaddock peel, respectively. The results show that squeeze-steam distillation gives higher yield and good quality of essential oil and the compositions of essential oils from two kinds of shaddock peels are different, but the main contributors of the shaddock scent are the same.展开更多
Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity....Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity.In this study,we investigated the main components and anti-TMV activity of PEO,identified its primary active components,and examined its mode of action.The results indicated that PEO exhibited anti-TMV activity(65.58%)at 800μg/mL,with perillaldehyde identified as the main active component.The protective,curative,and inactivation activities of perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL were 80.41%,73.42%,and 34.93%,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those of the control drug(commercial chitosan oligosaccharide)and the protective and curative activities were superior to those of ningnanmycin.The results of the mode of action showed that perillaldehyde induced a hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation revealed that perillaldehyde had no direct effect on TMV particles.The treatment of Nicotiana glutinosa with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL indicated that perillaldehyde had significant induction activity(58.46%).The expression of three pathogenesis-related tobacco genes(PR genes),including nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),and pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene(PR5),were induced and upregulated by perillaldehyde treatment.Perillaldehyde also induced the overexpression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene(PAL),respiratory burst oxidase homolog B gene(RBOHB),and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene 1(POR1).Furthermore,perillaldehyde increased the salicylic acid(SA)and H2O2 contents in tobacco leaves,and enhanced the activities of four defense enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).N.glutinosa was treated with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL for 24 h,and the results showed that the highest SA and H_(2)O_(2) contents(1032.08 pmol/L and 23.40μmol/g FW,respectively)were obtained in tobacco leaves.Defense enzyme activities also reached a maximum at 800μg/mL,and the activities of CAT,PAL,POD,and SOD increased by 1.76,1.95,2.17,and 3.78 times,respectively,compared to the control.The results of the study showed that perillaldehyde may enhance resistance to pathogen infection by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR),which may contribute to the activation of SA signal transduction pathway.Therefore,perillaldehyde has the potential for application in agriculture as a novel antiviral agent and immune inducer.展开更多
A comparative study of Cannabis sativa(Hemp)essential constituents obtained by using Supercritical Fluid Extraction(SCFE),Steam Distillation(SD)and Hydrodistillation(HD)is presented here.The optimized extraction tempe...A comparative study of Cannabis sativa(Hemp)essential constituents obtained by using Supercritical Fluid Extraction(SCFE),Steam Distillation(SD)and Hydrodistillation(HD)is presented here.The optimized extraction temperatures were 130,110and 50℃for hydrodistillation,steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction respectively.The essential oil of C.sativa was analyzed by using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 33,30and 31components have been identified in HD,SD and SCFE respectively.Yield of essential oil using SCFE(0.039%)was more than HD(0.025%)and SD(0.035%)extraction respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by hydrodistillation at 130℃with their percentages included caryophyllene(40.58%),trans-α-bergamotene(5.41%),humulene(10.97%),cis-β-farnesene(8.53%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(2.13%),d-limonene(6.46%),p-cymol(0.65%)and cineole(2.58%)respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by SD steam distillation at110℃including caryophyllene(38.60%)trans-α-bergamotene(4.22%),humulene(10.26%),cis-β-farnesene(6.67%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(3.21%),d-limonene(7.07%),p-cymol(2.59%)and cineole(3.88%)whereas the more percentages of major components were obtained by SCFE at 50℃included caryophyllene(44.31%),trans-α-bergamotene(6.79%),humulene(11.97%)cis-β-farnesene(9.71%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(0.45%),d-limonene(2.13%)p-cymol(0.19%)and cineole(1.38%)respectively.We found yield/efficiency,chemical composition,quality of the essential oils by supercritical fluid extraction superior in terms of modern,green,saving energy and a rapid approach as compared to traditional techniques.展开更多
Galangal(Alpinia officinaruim Hance)is the rhizome of the perennial herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family.There are many active components in galangal,such as volatile oil,flavonoids,terpenoids,phenylpropanoids and g...Galangal(Alpinia officinaruim Hance)is the rhizome of the perennial herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family.There are many active components in galangal,such as volatile oil,flavonoids,terpenoids,phenylpropanoids and glycosides,among which the content of volatile oil is higher.The bioactivities of galangal volatile oil on health effect includesanti-inflammatory,anti-hypertension,anti-oxidation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a kind of diseases related to circulatory system,which is also called circulatory system diseases.Over the past decade,the number of people dying from CVD has increased by 12.5%worldwide,and it is now the leading cause of human death worldwide.Studies have shown that galangal volatile oil has good pharmacological effects in treating CVD.①Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism:studies have found that abnormal lipid metabolism can lead to obesity,diabetes,CVD and other diseases.The serum total triglyceride(TG)content in liver and serum will increase in patients with abnormal fat metabolism.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal could increase the excretion of neutral cholesterol,significantly reduce liver TG and serum TG,and thus regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,prevent lipid deposition and prevent CVD.②Improving insulin resistance(IR):inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as IL^(-1),IL-6 activation and expression of TNF-α,improves IR,thereby protecting myocardium from IR-mediated damage.Through the establishment of endothelial cell injury model induced by high glucose in vitro,it was found that the volatile oil of galangal can significantly reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-8,and inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by high glucose,suggesting that it has protective effect on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation induced by high glucose.③Regulate blood oxygenation:during acute myocardial hypoxia,the activity of free radical scavenging system is decreased,and oxygen free radicals are produced in large quantity,which reacts with unsaturated fatty acids on the cell membrane and forms lipid peroxidation,resulting in myocardial structural damage.The results showed that the water extract of Galangal could reduce the content of MDA in blood and protect the SOD activity of ischemic and hypoxic myocardium.④Protective effect of vascular endothelial cells(ES):ES injury is the pathological basis of some cardiovascular diseases.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal had a protective effect on ES apoptosis.Compared with the morphology and activity of ES treated with oxidized LDL,galangal volatile oil could ameliorate these morphological changes and improve cell viability.⑤Antiplatelet agglutination:inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane release,improve blood circulation,and have obvious anti-thrombotic effect,which has a good effect on the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal had inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and anticoagulant effect.In conclusion,the volatile oil of galangal can be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.Based on the mechanism of CVD,this study summarized the role of the essential oil of Alpinia officinaruim in CVD,providing basis for the clinical application of alpiniaofficinalis essential oil in the prevention and treatment of CVD and the development of new drugs.展开更多
文摘This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for process optimization.The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction time,50 rain;microwave power,800 W;and amount of water addition for pretreatment,40%.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of essential oil was 0.92%.A total of 35 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the obtained essential oil with a total content of 91.06%,mostly consisting of ylangene(34.81%),β-himachalene(10.74%)andα-bergamotene(9.22%).The ICs0 value of the essential oil against DPPH free radicals was determined as 3.01 mg/mL.In conclusion,solvent-free microwave extraction is a feasible method for essential oil extraction from Schisandra chinensis fruits.
文摘Objective:Aim To analyze the chemical constituents of essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.Methods:Essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.was extracted by using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE),and the chemical constituents to be identified by GC/MS spectrum.Results:The yield of essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.by SFE was 6.60%(V/W)and 73 components were identified in this oil.Conclusions:The essential oil from the fruits of Bupleurum chinense DC.was produced for the first time,and its yield was 3 times more than its root,the relative contents of linoleic acid,cetyl acetate,ethyl linoleate,(-)-caryophyllene oxide are 34.85%,16.63%,2.64%,1.81% apart in this essential oil.Phytol,cetyl acetate,ethyl linoleate,(-)-caryophyllene oxide were confirmed for the first time from the genus of Bupleurum.
文摘Essential oil, with more than thirty kinds of compounds separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel by squeeze-steam distillation and direct steam distillation method. Among their composition, the main components are terpene compounds, which account for 93.926% (mass fraction, the same below) and 85.843% of essential oils extracted from Shatian shaddock peel and Sweet shaddock peel, respectively. Although nootkatone is the major contributor of shaddock characteristic scent, and its contents are 1.069% and 1.749% of essential oils from Sweet shaddock peel and Shatian shaddock peel, respectively. The results show that squeeze-steam distillation gives higher yield and good quality of essential oil and the compositions of essential oils from two kinds of shaddock peels are different, but the main contributors of the shaddock scent are the same.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072444)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32060429)the key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.2022D01D44).
文摘Perilla essential oil(PEO)is reported as an aromatic yellowish oily substance with a volatile odor extracted from perilla leaves.It exhibits various biological activities except anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)activity.In this study,we investigated the main components and anti-TMV activity of PEO,identified its primary active components,and examined its mode of action.The results indicated that PEO exhibited anti-TMV activity(65.58%)at 800μg/mL,with perillaldehyde identified as the main active component.The protective,curative,and inactivation activities of perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL were 80.41%,73.42%,and 34.93%,respectively.These values were significantly higher than those of the control drug(commercial chitosan oligosaccharide)and the protective and curative activities were superior to those of ningnanmycin.The results of the mode of action showed that perillaldehyde induced a hypersensitive response(HR)in tobacco.Transmission electron microscope(TEM)observation revealed that perillaldehyde had no direct effect on TMV particles.The treatment of Nicotiana glutinosa with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL indicated that perillaldehyde had significant induction activity(58.46%).The expression of three pathogenesis-related tobacco genes(PR genes),including nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1(NPR1),pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene(PR1),and pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene(PR5),were induced and upregulated by perillaldehyde treatment.Perillaldehyde also induced the overexpression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene(PAL),respiratory burst oxidase homolog B gene(RBOHB),and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase gene 1(POR1).Furthermore,perillaldehyde increased the salicylic acid(SA)and H2O2 contents in tobacco leaves,and enhanced the activities of four defense enzymes:superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL).N.glutinosa was treated with perillaldehyde at 800μg/mL for 24 h,and the results showed that the highest SA and H_(2)O_(2) contents(1032.08 pmol/L and 23.40μmol/g FW,respectively)were obtained in tobacco leaves.Defense enzyme activities also reached a maximum at 800μg/mL,and the activities of CAT,PAL,POD,and SOD increased by 1.76,1.95,2.17,and 3.78 times,respectively,compared to the control.The results of the study showed that perillaldehyde may enhance resistance to pathogen infection by inducing systemic acquired resistance(SAR),which may contribute to the activation of SA signal transduction pathway.Therefore,perillaldehyde has the potential for application in agriculture as a novel antiviral agent and immune inducer.
基金University of Agriculture,Faisalabad for research support
文摘A comparative study of Cannabis sativa(Hemp)essential constituents obtained by using Supercritical Fluid Extraction(SCFE),Steam Distillation(SD)and Hydrodistillation(HD)is presented here.The optimized extraction temperatures were 130,110and 50℃for hydrodistillation,steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction respectively.The essential oil of C.sativa was analyzed by using Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS).A total of 33,30and 31components have been identified in HD,SD and SCFE respectively.Yield of essential oil using SCFE(0.039%)was more than HD(0.025%)and SD(0.035%)extraction respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by hydrodistillation at 130℃with their percentages included caryophyllene(40.58%),trans-α-bergamotene(5.41%),humulene(10.97%),cis-β-farnesene(8.53%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(2.13%),d-limonene(6.46%),p-cymol(0.65%)and cineole(2.58%)respectively.The main component of sesquiterpenes obtained by SD steam distillation at110℃including caryophyllene(38.60%)trans-α-bergamotene(4.22%),humulene(10.26%),cis-β-farnesene(6.67%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(3.21%),d-limonene(7.07%),p-cymol(2.59%)and cineole(3.88%)whereas the more percentages of major components were obtained by SCFE at 50℃included caryophyllene(44.31%),trans-α-bergamotene(6.79%),humulene(11.97%)cis-β-farnesene(9.71%)and monoterpenes includedα-pinene(0.45%),d-limonene(2.13%)p-cymol(0.19%)and cineole(1.38%)respectively.We found yield/efficiency,chemical composition,quality of the essential oils by supercritical fluid extraction superior in terms of modern,green,saving energy and a rapid approach as compared to traditional techniques.
文摘Galangal(Alpinia officinaruim Hance)is the rhizome of the perennial herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family.There are many active components in galangal,such as volatile oil,flavonoids,terpenoids,phenylpropanoids and glycosides,among which the content of volatile oil is higher.The bioactivities of galangal volatile oil on health effect includesanti-inflammatory,anti-hypertension,anti-oxidation and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a kind of diseases related to circulatory system,which is also called circulatory system diseases.Over the past decade,the number of people dying from CVD has increased by 12.5%worldwide,and it is now the leading cause of human death worldwide.Studies have shown that galangal volatile oil has good pharmacological effects in treating CVD.①Regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism:studies have found that abnormal lipid metabolism can lead to obesity,diabetes,CVD and other diseases.The serum total triglyceride(TG)content in liver and serum will increase in patients with abnormal fat metabolism.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal could increase the excretion of neutral cholesterol,significantly reduce liver TG and serum TG,and thus regulate glucose and lipid metabolism,prevent lipid deposition and prevent CVD.②Improving insulin resistance(IR):inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as IL^(-1),IL-6 activation and expression of TNF-α,improves IR,thereby protecting myocardium from IR-mediated damage.Through the establishment of endothelial cell injury model induced by high glucose in vitro,it was found that the volatile oil of galangal can significantly reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL-8,and inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by high glucose,suggesting that it has protective effect on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation induced by high glucose.③Regulate blood oxygenation:during acute myocardial hypoxia,the activity of free radical scavenging system is decreased,and oxygen free radicals are produced in large quantity,which reacts with unsaturated fatty acids on the cell membrane and forms lipid peroxidation,resulting in myocardial structural damage.The results showed that the water extract of Galangal could reduce the content of MDA in blood and protect the SOD activity of ischemic and hypoxic myocardium.④Protective effect of vascular endothelial cells(ES):ES injury is the pathological basis of some cardiovascular diseases.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal had a protective effect on ES apoptosis.Compared with the morphology and activity of ES treated with oxidized LDL,galangal volatile oil could ameliorate these morphological changes and improve cell viability.⑤Antiplatelet agglutination:inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane release,improve blood circulation,and have obvious anti-thrombotic effect,which has a good effect on the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.The results showed that the volatile oil of galangal had inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and anticoagulant effect.In conclusion,the volatile oil of galangal can be used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.Based on the mechanism of CVD,this study summarized the role of the essential oil of Alpinia officinaruim in CVD,providing basis for the clinical application of alpiniaofficinalis essential oil in the prevention and treatment of CVD and the development of new drugs.
