This paper proposes a sub-critical nuclear energy system driven by fusion neutron source, FDS, which can be used to transmute long-lived radioactive wastes and to produce fissile nuclear fuel as a way for early applic...This paper proposes a sub-critical nuclear energy system driven by fusion neutron source, FDS, which can be used to transmute long-lived radioactive wastes and to produce fissile nuclear fuel as a way for early application of fusion technology. The necessity and feasibility to develop that system in China are illustrated on the basis of prediction of the demand of energy source in the first half of the 21th century, the status of current fission energy supply and the progress in fusion technology in the world. The characteristics of fusion neutron driver and the potential for transmutation of long-lived nuclear wastes and breeding of fissile nuclear fuel in a blanket are analyzed. A scenario of development steps is proposed.展开更多
The increasing requirements for bandwidth drive the 100G Ethernet into use as quickly as possible. The major technologies supporting 100G Ethernet interface include the physical layer channel convergence technology, m...The increasing requirements for bandwidth drive the 100G Ethernet into use as quickly as possible. The major technologies supporting 100G Ethernet interface include the physical layer channel convergence technology, multi-fiber channel and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. The key technology for high-speed optical devices at the interface requires a breakthrough. The demands driven by the increase of interface rate require better packet processing and storage, system switching, and backplane technology. In addition, in the network, the transport problem of the new interface should be solved, including defining transport standards and pushing the development of key transport technologies. As far as the cost and requirements are concerned, the commercial application of 100G Ethernet is viable in Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).展开更多
Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applic...Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.展开更多
During the past few years, the terahertz （THz） frequency regime has had renewed scientific and technological interest because of recent breakthroughs in the areas of high power sources, sensitive detectors, novel ma...During the past few years, the terahertz （THz） frequency regime has had renewed scientific and technological interest because of recent breakthroughs in the areas of high power sources, sensitive detectors, novel materials, and high resolution video imaging. Because it lies between the radio frequencies and infrared wavelengths, the terahertz electromagnetic region was thought to be promising for practical applications （300 micrometers wavelength corresponds to 1 THz frequency）, but it suffered from very high attenuation through the atmosphere （above 1 dB/meter）, and was found to be difficult to generate, modulate, and detect. On the other hand, many non-polar dielectric materials are transparent to THz waves,展开更多
Among all the metro Ethernet technologies,Virtual Private LAN Service(VPLS),a Layer 2 Virtual Private Network(L2VPN) technology,has drawn wide attention due to its simplicity,reliability,and ease of use.VPLS can imple...Among all the metro Ethernet technologies,Virtual Private LAN Service(VPLS),a Layer 2 Virtual Private Network(L2VPN) technology,has drawn wide attention due to its simplicity,reliability,and ease of use.VPLS can implement multipoint-to-multipoint interconnection of Local Area Networks(LAN) in the wide area.Its core elements include the Label Distribution Protocol(LDP) based or Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) based Pseudowire(PW) setup and maintenance on the control plane,Media Access Control(MAC) address learning on the data plane,and PW encapsulation on the transport plane.With hierarchical architecture,VPLS enables cross-domain Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN) services.Benefitting from its unique technical advantages,VPLS supports a wide variety of applications including L2VPN for VIP customers,municipal communications infrastructure and personal distributed services.展开更多
As a connection-oriented packet transport technology,Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching(T-MPLS) is an important bearer technology for Carrier Ethernet(CE).This article starts with the technological characteristi...As a connection-oriented packet transport technology,Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching(T-MPLS) is an important bearer technology for Carrier Ethernet(CE).This article starts with the technological characteristics of T-MPLS,then goes on to the latest T-MPLS standardization progress and challenges,followed by the description of T-MPLS based CE architecture.Next,the article covers several key technologies related with T-MPLS,including the data forwarding plane,control plane,network survivability,and Operation,Administration and Maintenance(OAM).Finally,the article analyzes the applications of T-MPLS based CE.展开更多
The Radio over Fiber (RoF) communication technology combines the technical advantages of both fiber communication and wireless mobile communication to solve the problems of bandwidth,flexibility and electromagnetic in...The Radio over Fiber (RoF) communication technology combines the technical advantages of both fiber communication and wireless mobile communication to solve the problems of bandwidth,flexibility and electromagnetic interference.Research of the technology is drawing wide concerns around the world.However,high cost becomes a drawback of this technology at present.In this article the RoF Multi-System Access (RoFMA) scheme is proposed.The scheme makes use of the Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) and multi-system multiplex/de-multiplex technologies to lower the access cost.The article also predicts good development and market prospect of the RoFMA technology.展开更多
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has rapidly developed in recent years. It is becoming one of the hotspots among broadband wireless access technologies. A WiMAX system can provide ban...Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has rapidly developed in recent years. It is becoming one of the hotspots among broadband wireless access technologies. A WiMAX system can provide bandwidth efficiency higher than 2 bps/Hz. In order to improve coverage and reliability of the WiMAX system,the IEEE 802.16 standard supports multiple antenna techniques such as Alamouti Space-Time Coding (STC),Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). The applications of the multiple antenna techniques improve system capacity and bandwidth efficiency significantly,and enhance the competence of the WiMAX technology greatly.展开更多
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) technology is a type of enhanced WCDMA technology based on R5 and employed with a 5 MHz spectrum. It can provide a maximum bit rate of 13.9 Mb/s thereby dramatically extending...HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) technology is a type of enhanced WCDMA technology based on R5 and employed with a 5 MHz spectrum. It can provide a maximum bit rate of 13.9 Mb/s thereby dramatically extending the transmission rate and spectrum efficiency of R99 version. Currently, it is the first choice of mobile operators for high bit rate mobile multimedia services. All the mobile technologies and their characteristics, which are employed by HSDPA system in WCDMA, are analyzed in the following. The possible applications of HSDPA are also discussed in this article.展开更多
On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processin...On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP）, the Yanshan Petrochemical Branch Company（YPBC）, the Maoming Petrochemical Branch Companyand the Guangzhou Petrochemical Branch Company haspassed in Beijing the technical appraisal organized by theScience and Technology Division of the Sinopec Corp.展开更多
Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applic...Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.展开更多
Terahertz wave, sitting in the gap between middle infrared and millimeter wave, has been known as the last vacant area in spectrum that has not been quite understood and brought into applications. It has been the focu...Terahertz wave, sitting in the gap between middle infrared and millimeter wave, has been known as the last vacant area in spectrum that has not been quite understood and brought into applications. It has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to the unique characteristics of Terahertz wave, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, biomedical imaging, etc.展开更多
Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applic...Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.展开更多
The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma trea...The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.展开更多
The Remote Radio Head (RRH) over Fiber system is a new distributed network coverage mode.It processes the baseband parts concentratively by separating the baseband and Radio Frequency (RF).It moves the RF modules usin...The Remote Radio Head (RRH) over Fiber system is a new distributed network coverage mode.It processes the baseband parts concentratively by separating the baseband and Radio Frequency (RF).It moves the RF modules using fibers from the Base Stations (BSs) to the remote RF units.These RF modules are placed on the stations to be covered.This solution saves many equipment rooms required by conventional solutions.Meanwhile,it supports RRH over a large number of fibers through high-capacity macro BSs to realize the conversion between capacity and coverage.In addition,the RRH system also supports the coverage in other situations,such as high-speed railways and ultra-long distance.It is one of the most widely used technologies in the 3G network.展开更多
With more and more network services developed, users now have higher requirements on the Quality of Service (QoS). Service Level Agreement (SLA) is thereby proposed to manage telecom services with guaranteed QoS and t...With more and more network services developed, users now have higher requirements on the Quality of Service (QoS). Service Level Agreement (SLA) is thereby proposed to manage telecom services with guaranteed QoS and to address the QoS issues between Service Providers (SP) and users. SLA representation template, violation process and metrics evaluation are three key techniques to implement SLA. A typical SLA management system includes SLA data management, SLA problem management, and SLA management. SLA research is still in its primary stage and SLA management is yet to be standardized With general and special management approaches to be defined in the future, the unified industry standard will finally take shape.展开更多
The Internet has stepped into Web 2.0 era. Web 2.0 application technologies and services are rapidly developing, accompanied by the innovation and revolution of business models. This article analyzes the development o...The Internet has stepped into Web 2.0 era. Web 2.0 application technologies and services are rapidly developing, accompanied by the innovation and revolution of business models. This article analyzes the development of Web 2.0 technologies and their promotion role in the development of Internet services, discusses the implementation of Web 2.0 core concepts (including user participation, resource sharing and platform) by the multiple Internet application technologies, and gives the development trends of Internet application technologies.展开更多
Cloud computing technology is changing the development and usage patterns of IT infrastructure and applications. Virtualized and distributed systems as well as unified management and scheduling has greatly im proved c...Cloud computing technology is changing the development and usage patterns of IT infrastructure and applications. Virtualized and distributed systems as well as unified management and scheduling has greatly im proved computing and storage. Management has become easier, andOAM costs have been significantly reduced. Cloud desktop technology is develop ing rapidly. With this technology, users can flexibly and dynamically use virtual ma chine resources, companies＇ efficiency of using and allocating resources is greatly improved, and information security is ensured. In most existing virtual cloud desk top solutions, computing and storage are bound together, and data is stored as im age files. This limits the flexibility and expandability of systems and is insufficient for meetinz customers＇ requirements in different scenarios.展开更多
文摘This paper proposes a sub-critical nuclear energy system driven by fusion neutron source, FDS, which can be used to transmute long-lived radioactive wastes and to produce fissile nuclear fuel as a way for early application of fusion technology. The necessity and feasibility to develop that system in China are illustrated on the basis of prediction of the demand of energy source in the first half of the 21th century, the status of current fission energy supply and the progress in fusion technology in the world. The characteristics of fusion neutron driver and the potential for transmutation of long-lived nuclear wastes and breeding of fissile nuclear fuel in a blanket are analyzed. A scenario of development steps is proposed.
文摘The increasing requirements for bandwidth drive the 100G Ethernet into use as quickly as possible. The major technologies supporting 100G Ethernet interface include the physical layer channel convergence technology, multi-fiber channel and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. The key technology for high-speed optical devices at the interface requires a breakthrough. The demands driven by the increase of interface rate require better packet processing and storage, system switching, and backplane technology. In addition, in the network, the transport problem of the new interface should be solved, including defining transport standards and pushing the development of key transport technologies. As far as the cost and requirements are concerned, the commercial application of 100G Ethernet is viable in Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).
文摘Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.
文摘During the past few years, the terahertz （THz） frequency regime has had renewed scientific and technological interest because of recent breakthroughs in the areas of high power sources, sensitive detectors, novel materials, and high resolution video imaging. Because it lies between the radio frequencies and infrared wavelengths, the terahertz electromagnetic region was thought to be promising for practical applications （300 micrometers wavelength corresponds to 1 THz frequency）, but it suffered from very high attenuation through the atmosphere （above 1 dB/meter）, and was found to be difficult to generate, modulate, and detect. On the other hand, many non-polar dielectric materials are transparent to THz waves,
基金supported by the Startup Program of Innovative Young Talents of Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.BK2007604
文摘Among all the metro Ethernet technologies,Virtual Private LAN Service(VPLS),a Layer 2 Virtual Private Network(L2VPN) technology,has drawn wide attention due to its simplicity,reliability,and ease of use.VPLS can implement multipoint-to-multipoint interconnection of Local Area Networks(LAN) in the wide area.Its core elements include the Label Distribution Protocol(LDP) based or Border Gateway Protocol(BGP) based Pseudowire(PW) setup and maintenance on the control plane,Media Access Control(MAC) address learning on the data plane,and PW encapsulation on the transport plane.With hierarchical architecture,VPLS enables cross-domain Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN) services.Benefitting from its unique technical advantages,VPLS supports a wide variety of applications including L2VPN for VIP customers,municipal communications infrastructure and personal distributed services.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60572134the National High-Tech Researchand Development Plan of China ("863" Program) under Grant No. 2007AA01Z254
文摘As a connection-oriented packet transport technology,Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching(T-MPLS) is an important bearer technology for Carrier Ethernet(CE).This article starts with the technological characteristics of T-MPLS,then goes on to the latest T-MPLS standardization progress and challenges,followed by the description of T-MPLS based CE architecture.Next,the article covers several key technologies related with T-MPLS,including the data forwarding plane,control plane,network survivability,and Operation,Administration and Maintenance(OAM).Finally,the article analyzes the applications of T-MPLS based CE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.60736003
文摘The Radio over Fiber (RoF) communication technology combines the technical advantages of both fiber communication and wireless mobile communication to solve the problems of bandwidth,flexibility and electromagnetic interference.Research of the technology is drawing wide concerns around the world.However,high cost becomes a drawback of this technology at present.In this article the RoF Multi-System Access (RoFMA) scheme is proposed.The scheme makes use of the Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) and multi-system multiplex/de-multiplex technologies to lower the access cost.The article also predicts good development and market prospect of the RoFMA technology.
文摘Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has rapidly developed in recent years. It is becoming one of the hotspots among broadband wireless access technologies. A WiMAX system can provide bandwidth efficiency higher than 2 bps/Hz. In order to improve coverage and reliability of the WiMAX system,the IEEE 802.16 standard supports multiple antenna techniques such as Alamouti Space-Time Coding (STC),Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). The applications of the multiple antenna techniques improve system capacity and bandwidth efficiency significantly,and enhance the competence of the WiMAX technology greatly.
文摘HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) technology is a type of enhanced WCDMA technology based on R5 and employed with a 5 MHz spectrum. It can provide a maximum bit rate of 13.9 Mb/s thereby dramatically extending the transmission rate and spectrum efficiency of R99 version. Currently, it is the first choice of mobile operators for high bit rate mobile multimedia services. All the mobile technologies and their characteristics, which are employed by HSDPA system in WCDMA, are analyzed in the following. The possible applications of HSDPA are also discussed in this article.
文摘On December 9, 2014 the scientific research project ＂Developmentand commercial application of technology forultra-deep HDS of diesel （RTS）＂ jointly performed bythe SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP）, the Yanshan Petrochemical Branch Company（YPBC）, the Maoming Petrochemical Branch Companyand the Guangzhou Petrochemical Branch Company haspassed in Beijing the technical appraisal organized by theScience and Technology Division of the Sinopec Corp.
文摘Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.
文摘Terahertz wave, sitting in the gap between middle infrared and millimeter wave, has been known as the last vacant area in spectrum that has not been quite understood and brought into applications. It has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to the unique characteristics of Terahertz wave, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, biomedical imaging, etc.
文摘Terahertz waves, sitting in the gap between the middle infrared and millimeter wave regions, are known as the last vacant area of the electromagnetic spectrum that has not quite been understood and brought into applications. The Terahertz region has been the focus of research worldwide since early 1990s. Due to their unique characteristics, Terahertz technologies have a wide range of applications, such as hazard detection, high speed data communications, radio astronomy, and biomedical imaging.
文摘The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in thatthe energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. Inthis paperl the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminantswas synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressureplasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospectsand existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmentalprotection were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60877052
文摘The Remote Radio Head (RRH) over Fiber system is a new distributed network coverage mode.It processes the baseband parts concentratively by separating the baseband and Radio Frequency (RF).It moves the RF modules using fibers from the Base Stations (BSs) to the remote RF units.These RF modules are placed on the stations to be covered.This solution saves many equipment rooms required by conventional solutions.Meanwhile,it supports RRH over a large number of fibers through high-capacity macro BSs to realize the conversion between capacity and coverage.In addition,the RRH system also supports the coverage in other situations,such as high-speed railways and ultra-long distance.It is one of the most widely used technologies in the 3G network.
文摘With more and more network services developed, users now have higher requirements on the Quality of Service (QoS). Service Level Agreement (SLA) is thereby proposed to manage telecom services with guaranteed QoS and to address the QoS issues between Service Providers (SP) and users. SLA representation template, violation process and metrics evaluation are three key techniques to implement SLA. A typical SLA management system includes SLA data management, SLA problem management, and SLA management. SLA research is still in its primary stage and SLA management is yet to be standardized With general and special management approaches to be defined in the future, the unified industry standard will finally take shape.
文摘The Internet has stepped into Web 2.0 era. Web 2.0 application technologies and services are rapidly developing, accompanied by the innovation and revolution of business models. This article analyzes the development of Web 2.0 technologies and their promotion role in the development of Internet services, discusses the implementation of Web 2.0 core concepts (including user participation, resource sharing and platform) by the multiple Internet application technologies, and gives the development trends of Internet application technologies.
文摘Cloud computing technology is changing the development and usage patterns of IT infrastructure and applications. Virtualized and distributed systems as well as unified management and scheduling has greatly im proved computing and storage. Management has become easier, andOAM costs have been significantly reduced. Cloud desktop technology is develop ing rapidly. With this technology, users can flexibly and dynamically use virtual ma chine resources, companies＇ efficiency of using and allocating resources is greatly improved, and information security is ensured. In most existing virtual cloud desk top solutions, computing and storage are bound together, and data is stored as im age files. This limits the flexibility and expandability of systems and is insufficient for meetinz customers＇ requirements in different scenarios.
