As a core technology of Intemet of Things （loT）, Wireless Sensor Network （WSN） has become a research hotspot recently. More and more WSNs are being deployed in highly mobile environments. The fast moving sensor no...As a core technology of Intemet of Things （loT）, Wireless Sensor Network （WSN） has become a research hotspot recently. More and more WSNs are being deployed in highly mobile environments. The fast moving sensor nodes bring significant challenges for the routing decision. In this paper, we propose an efficient logical location method, and designe a mobility estimating metric and derive a novel Green Mobility Estirmtion- based Routing protocol （G-MER） for WSNs. We also set up a full framework to evaluate its per- formance. Simulation results illustrate that G-MER achieves a fairly better perforrmnce in terrm of broadcast times and link failures than AODV. What＇s more, it decreases the mean hops by about 0.25 and reduces energy consumption by about 10% during the whole experiment. All the results show that G-MER can be effectively used in fast- moving and limited resource scenarios.展开更多
Due to the increasing number of wireless mobile devices,the possibility of mobile communications without infrastructure becomes a reality.The Decentralized Mobile Social Network(DMSN) is a paradigm where nodes can mov...Due to the increasing number of wireless mobile devices,the possibility of mobile communications without infrastructure becomes a reality.The Decentralized Mobile Social Network(DMSN) is a paradigm where nodes can move freely and organize themselves arbitrarily.Routing in these environments is difficult for the reason of the rapid changes of the social relationship graph's topology.Meanwhile,the social ties among nodes change overtime.Therefore,an efficient data forwarding mechanism should be considered over the temporal weighted relationship graph.In this paper,an Advanced routing Protocol based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted mobile social network(APPOW) is proposed to improve the delivery success ratio and reduce the cost of exchanging information.APPOW combines the normalized relative weights of three local social metrics,i.e.,LinkRank,similarity and contact strength,to select the next relay node.The weights of the three metrics are derived by pair-wise learning algorithm.The result shows that APPOW outperforms the state-ofthe-art SimBet Routing in delivering message and significantly reduces the average hops.Additionally,the delivery performance of APPOW is close to Epidemic Routing but without message duplications.展开更多
Wireless Mesh Network （WMN） is seen as an effective Intemet access solution for dynamic wireless applications. For the low mobility of mesh routers in WMN, the backbone topography can be effectively maintained by pr...Wireless Mesh Network （WMN） is seen as an effective Intemet access solution for dynamic wireless applications. For the low mobility of mesh routers in WMN, the backbone topography can be effectively maintained by proactive routing protocol. Pre-proposals like Tree Based Routing （TBR） protocol and Root Driven Routing （RDR） protocol are so centralized that they make the gateway becorre a bottleneck which severely restricts the network performance. We proposed an Optimized Tree-based Routing （OTR） protocol that logically separated the proactive tree into pieces. Route is partly computed by the branches instead of root. We also discussed the operation of multipie Intemet gateways which is a main issue in WMN. The new proposal lightens the load in root, reduces the overhead and improves the throughput. Numerical analysis and simulation results confirm that the perforrmnce of WMN is improved and OTR is more suitable for large scale WMN.展开更多
This paper comes up with a SDN Based Vehicle Ad-Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol(SVAO),which separates the data forwarding layer and network control layer,as in software defined networking(SDN),to enhance data transmiss...This paper comes up with a SDN Based Vehicle Ad-Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol(SVAO),which separates the data forwarding layer and network control layer,as in software defined networking(SDN),to enhance data transmission efficiency within vehicle ad-hoc networks(VANETs).The roadside service unit plays the role of local controller and is in charge of selecting vehicles to forward packets within a road segment.All the vehicles state in the road.Correspondingly,a two-level design is used.The global level is distributed and adopts a ranked query scheme to collect vehicle information and determine the road segments along which a message should be forwarded.On the other hand,the local level is in charge of selecting forwarding vehicles in each road segment determined by the global level.We implement two routing algorithms of SVAO,and compare their performance in our simulation.We compare SVAO with popular ad-hoc network routing protocols,including Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR),Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),Destination Sequence Distance Vector(DSDV),and distance-based routing protocol(DB)via simulations.We consider the impact of vehicle density,speed on data transmission rate and average packet delay.The simulation results show that SVAO performs better than the others in large-scale networks or with high vehicle speeds.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important application for safety monitoring in underground coal mines, which are difficult to monitor due to natural conditions. Based on the characteristic of limited energy for WS...Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important application for safety monitoring in underground coal mines, which are difficult to monitor due to natural conditions. Based on the characteristic of limited energy for WSNs in confined underground area such as coal face and laneway, we presents an energy- efficient clustering routing protocol based on weight (ECRPW) to prolong the lifetime of networks. ECRPW takes into consideration the nodes' residual energy during the election process of cluster heads. The constraint of distance threshold is used to optimize cluster scheme. Furthermore, the protocol also sets up a routing tree based on cluster heads' weight. The results show that ECRPW had better perfor- mance in energy consumption, death ratio of node and network lifetime.展开更多
Sensor networks tend to support different traffic patterns since more and more emerging applications have diverse needs. We present MGRP, a Multi-Gradient Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks, which is fully ...Sensor networks tend to support different traffic patterns since more and more emerging applications have diverse needs. We present MGRP, a Multi-Gradient Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks, which is fully distributed and efficiently supports endto-end, one-to-many and many-to-one traffic patterns by effectively construct and maintain a gradient vector for each node. We further combine neighbor link estimation with routing information to reduce packet exchange on network dynamics and node failures. We have implemented MGRP on Tiny OS and evaluated its performance on real-world testbeds. The result shows MGRP achieves lower end-to-end packet delay in different traffic patterns compared to the state of the art routing protocols while still remains high packet delivery ratio.展开更多
With the inclusion of satellite Internet as the information infrastructure in China's "new infrastructure" category,relevant domestic industries and scientific research institutes have successively carri...With the inclusion of satellite Internet as the information infrastructure in China's "new infrastructure" category,relevant domestic industries and scientific research institutes have successively carried out the design of broadband low earth orbit(LEO) constellation systems and key technical research.As the core technology for the satellite-to-ground network communications of a broadband LEO constellation system,routing technology is extremely important for the efficient and reliable transmission of various service data.Focusing on the two important broadband LEO constellation systems in China,in-depth analysis and simulation of the high dynamics of the satellite-to-ground satellites are conducted in this paper to obtain more accurate network topology changes and characteristics;then the adaptability of the ground standard IP routing protocol to the broadband LEO constellation system is analyzed,and an LEO constellation simulation scenario is built with the Opnet software.The simulation results of the convergence performance of the standard IP routing protocol are produced.The results show that the IP protocol does not perform well for LEO satellite constellation networks.Based on the studies,some solutions are proposed to take full advantages of the characteristics of LEO satellite systems.These can also provide a reference for the choice of intersatellite routing architecture and protocol technology for broadband LEO constellation in the future development.展开更多
A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact f...A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact factors in route calculation through the cross-layer operation mechanism： the node available bandwidth, the node load, the link delivery rate, and the link interference, and thus the effect of route selection is optimized greatly. The simulation results show that the proposed CL-OLSR protocol can not only improve the network throughput to a large extent, but also reduce the end-to-end delay, while achieving load balance route results.展开更多
Providing efficient packet delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） is particularly challenging due to the vehicle move- ment and lossy wireless channels. A data packet can be lost at a forwarding node even wh...Providing efficient packet delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） is particularly challenging due to the vehicle move- ment and lossy wireless channels. A data packet can be lost at a forwarding node even when a proper node is selected as the for- warding node. In this paper, we propose a loss-tolerant scheme for unicast routing protocols in VANETs. The proposed scheme employs multiple forwarding nodes to improve the packet reception ratio at the forwarding nodes. The scheme uses network coding to reduce the number of required transmissions, resulting in a significant improvement in end-to-end packet delivery ratio with low message overhead. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using both theoretical analysis and computer sim-展开更多
The electronic system in a comprehensive shipboard has a extremely wide bandwidth. It supports synchronized and asynchronous data transmission, muhimedia correspondence, and videophone conferencing. In order to guaran...The electronic system in a comprehensive shipboard has a extremely wide bandwidth. It supports synchronized and asynchronous data transmission, muhimedia correspondence, and videophone conferencing. In order to guarantee the security and correspondent real time of the communication, choosing a multicast routing protocol based on different applications is a key problem in terms of the complexity of the system. A simulation model was first designed for existing multicast routing protocols in NS-2 and analysis was performed on their corresponding application environments. The experiments proved that PIM-DM based on the shortest-path tree protocol is suitable for communication in the field of comprehensive shipboard. Further work that is necessary is also discussed.展开更多
The application environments of wireless Ad hoc networks require that it should support Quality of Service (QoS). However, that is very difficult because of the inherent characteristics of the wireless channel and the...The application environments of wireless Ad hoc networks require that it should support Quality of Service (QoS). However, that is very difficult because of the inherent characteristics of the wireless channel and the frequent changes of network topology caused by nodes movement. An Ad hoc QoS Multicasting (AQM) protocol can solve this problem by previously reserving the neighbor nodes for tracking resource availability. By considering QoS restrictions of transport delay, loss ratio, bandwidth requirement, delay jitter, and throughout, and by finding the adaptive routing, the AQM protocol can obviously improve the efficiency of multicastsession. The results of network simulation show that QoS is essentially applicable to Ad hoc networks.展开更多
针对LAR路由协议的区域策略,提出一种改进的路由协议TTI-LAR。通过引进拦截时间(Time to Intercept)权值选择参与路由的中间节点,有效地降低了网络开销,提高了路由的可靠性。仿真结果表明,TTI_LAR路由协议与LAR路由协议相比,性能得到进...针对LAR路由协议的区域策略,提出一种改进的路由协议TTI-LAR。通过引进拦截时间(Time to Intercept)权值选择参与路由的中间节点,有效地降低了网络开销,提高了路由的可靠性。仿真结果表明,TTI_LAR路由协议与LAR路由协议相比,性能得到进一步改善。展开更多
In the wireless sensor networks, high efficient data routing for the limited energy resource networks is an important issue. By introducing Antcolony algorithm, this paper proposes the wireless sensor network routing ...In the wireless sensor networks, high efficient data routing for the limited energy resource networks is an important issue. By introducing Antcolony algorithm, this paper proposes the wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on LEACH. During the construction of sensor network clusters, to avoid the node premature death because of the energy consumption, only the nodes whose residual energy is higher than the average energy can be chosen as the cluster heads. The method of repeated division is used to divide the clusters in sensor networks so that the numbers of the nodes in each cluster are balanced. The basic thought of ant-colony algorithm is adopted to realize the data routing between the cluster heads and sink nodes, and the maintenance of routing. The analysis and simulation showed that the proposed routing protocol not only can reduce the energy consumption, balance the energy consumption between nodes, but also prolong the network lifetime.展开更多
Flying Ad hoc Network(FANET)has drawn significant consideration due to its rapid advancements and extensive use in civil applications.However,the characteristics of FANET including high mobility,limited resources,and ...Flying Ad hoc Network(FANET)has drawn significant consideration due to its rapid advancements and extensive use in civil applications.However,the characteristics of FANET including high mobility,limited resources,and distributed nature,have posed a new challenge to develop a secure and ef-ficient routing scheme for FANET.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes a novel cluster based secure routing scheme,which aims to solve the routing and data security problem of FANET.In this scheme,the optimal cluster head selection is based on residual energy,online time,reputation,blockchain transactions,mobility,and connectivity by using Improved Artificial Bee Colony Optimization(IABC).The proposed IABC utilizes two different search equations for employee bee and onlooker bee to enhance convergence rate and exploitation abilities.Further,a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm,AI-Proof of Witness Consensus Algorithm(AI-PoWCA)is proposed,which utilizes the optimal cluster head for mining.In AI-PoWCA,the concept of the witness for block verification is also involved to make the proposed scheme resource efficient and highly resilient against 51%attack.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterparts and achieves up to 90%packet delivery ratio,lowest end-to-end delay,highest throughput,resilience against security attacks,and superior in block processing time.展开更多
In an ad hoc network, it is usually difficult to optimize the assignment of network routing resources using a single type of routing protocol due to the differences in network scale, node moving mode and node distribu...In an ad hoc network, it is usually difficult to optimize the assignment of network routing resources using a single type of routing protocol due to the differences in network scale, node moving mode and node distribution. Therefore, it is desirable to have nodes run multiple routing protocols simultaneously so that more than one protocols can be chosen to work jointly. For this purpose, a multiple routing platform for Ad hoc networks is proposed on a higher level of current routing protocols. In order to ensure the security of the platform, a security mechanism and its formal analysis by BAN logic is given. The simulation results of the network performance demonstrate that the proposed multi-routing platform is practicable in some complex applications.展开更多
Decentralized peer-to-peer session initiation protocol （P2PSIP） provides the same services as legacy SIPs such as IMS. However, in relatively open network, the requirement for route efficiency in a complex environme...Decentralized peer-to-peer session initiation protocol （P2PSIP） provides the same services as legacy SIPs such as IMS. However, in relatively open network, the requirement for route efficiency in a complex environment brings about undefined problems. To deploy a controllable P2PSIP network, perfect mechanisms have to be appended, especially in QoS, security, and management. Several proposals for QoS, network address translation （NAT）, and interworking have been put forward. In this paper, we propose an integrated architecture for a P2PSIP system as well as a proactive intelligent routing scheme on the media plane used in system. Implementation and simulation show that our solution is suitable for operation and management.展开更多
In a Wireless Mesh Network(WMN),the convenience of a routing strategy strongly depends on the mobility of the intermediate nodes that compose the paths.Taking this behaviour into account,this paper presents a routing ...In a Wireless Mesh Network(WMN),the convenience of a routing strategy strongly depends on the mobility of the intermediate nodes that compose the paths.Taking this behaviour into account,this paper presents a routing scheme that works differently accordingly to the node mobility.In this sense,a proactive routing scheme is restricted to the backbone to promote the use of stable routes.Conversely,the reactive protocol is used for searching routes to or from a mobile destination.Both approaches are simultaneously implemented in the mesh nodes so that the routing protocols share routing information that optimises the network performance.Aimed at guaranteeing the IP compatibility,the combination of the two protocols in the core routers is carried out in the Medium Access Control(MAC)layer.In contrast to the operation in the IP layer where two routing protocols cannot work concurrently,the transfer of the routing tasks to the MAC layer enables the use of multiple independent forwarding tables.Simulation results show the advantage of the proposal in terms of packet losses and data delay.展开更多
基金This paper was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Crants No. 61003283, No. 61001122 Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China under Crants No. 4102064+2 种基金 the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Crant No. BK2011171 the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China under Crant No. 2011 AA010701 the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cen- tral Universities under Ccants No. 2011RC0507, No. 2012RO3603.
文摘As a core technology of Intemet of Things （loT）, Wireless Sensor Network （WSN） has become a research hotspot recently. More and more WSNs are being deployed in highly mobile environments. The fast moving sensor nodes bring significant challenges for the routing decision. In this paper, we propose an efficient logical location method, and designe a mobility estimating metric and derive a novel Green Mobility Estirmtion- based Routing protocol （G-MER） for WSNs. We also set up a full framework to evaluate its per- formance. Simulation results illustrate that G-MER achieves a fairly better perforrmnce in terrm of broadcast times and link failures than AODV. What＇s more, it decreases the mean hops by about 0.25 and reduces energy consumption by about 10% during the whole experiment. All the results show that G-MER can be effectively used in fast- moving and limited resource scenarios.
基金supported by NSFC (Grant No. 61172074, 61471028, 61371069, and 61272505)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. 2015JBM016+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20130009110015the financial support from China Scholarship Council
文摘Due to the increasing number of wireless mobile devices,the possibility of mobile communications without infrastructure becomes a reality.The Decentralized Mobile Social Network(DMSN) is a paradigm where nodes can move freely and organize themselves arbitrarily.Routing in these environments is difficult for the reason of the rapid changes of the social relationship graph's topology.Meanwhile,the social ties among nodes change overtime.Therefore,an efficient data forwarding mechanism should be considered over the temporal weighted relationship graph.In this paper,an Advanced routing Protocol based on Parameters Optimization in the Weighted mobile social network(APPOW) is proposed to improve the delivery success ratio and reduce the cost of exchanging information.APPOW combines the normalized relative weights of three local social metrics,i.e.,LinkRank,similarity and contact strength,to select the next relay node.The weights of the three metrics are derived by pair-wise learning algorithm.The result shows that APPOW outperforms the state-ofthe-art SimBet Routing in delivering message and significantly reduces the average hops.Additionally,the delivery performance of APPOW is close to Epidemic Routing but without message duplications.
基金Acknowledgements This paper was supported by the Major National Science and Technology program under Grant No. 2011ZX03005-002 the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61100233 the Fundamental Universities under Grant No Research Funds for the Central K50510030010.
文摘Wireless Mesh Network （WMN） is seen as an effective Intemet access solution for dynamic wireless applications. For the low mobility of mesh routers in WMN, the backbone topography can be effectively maintained by proactive routing protocol. Pre-proposals like Tree Based Routing （TBR） protocol and Root Driven Routing （RDR） protocol are so centralized that they make the gateway becorre a bottleneck which severely restricts the network performance. We proposed an Optimized Tree-based Routing （OTR） protocol that logically separated the proactive tree into pieces. Route is partly computed by the branches instead of root. We also discussed the operation of multipie Intemet gateways which is a main issue in WMN. The new proposal lightens the load in root, reduces the overhead and improves the throughput. Numerical analysis and simulation results confirm that the perforrmnce of WMN is improved and OTR is more suitable for large scale WMN.
基金partially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0200400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61379157)+1 种基金Program of Science and Technology of Guangdong(No.2015B010111001)MOE-CMCC Joint Research Fund of China(No.MCM20160104)
文摘This paper comes up with a SDN Based Vehicle Ad-Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocol(SVAO),which separates the data forwarding layer and network control layer,as in software defined networking(SDN),to enhance data transmission efficiency within vehicle ad-hoc networks(VANETs).The roadside service unit plays the role of local controller and is in charge of selecting vehicles to forward packets within a road segment.All the vehicles state in the road.Correspondingly,a two-level design is used.The global level is distributed and adopts a ranked query scheme to collect vehicle information and determine the road segments along which a message should be forwarded.On the other hand,the local level is in charge of selecting forwarding vehicles in each road segment determined by the global level.We implement two routing algorithms of SVAO,and compare their performance in our simulation.We compare SVAO with popular ad-hoc network routing protocols,including Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR),Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),Destination Sequence Distance Vector(DSDV),and distance-based routing protocol(DB)via simulations.We consider the impact of vehicle density,speed on data transmission rate and average packet delay.The simulation results show that SVAO performs better than the others in large-scale networks or with high vehicle speeds.
基金supports provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50904070)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20100471009)+2 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2008AA062200 and2007AA01Z180)the Key Project of Jiangsu (No. BG2007012)the Science Foundation of China University of Mining and Technology (No. OC080303)
文摘Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important application for safety monitoring in underground coal mines, which are difficult to monitor due to natural conditions. Based on the characteristic of limited energy for WSNs in confined underground area such as coal face and laneway, we presents an energy- efficient clustering routing protocol based on weight (ECRPW) to prolong the lifetime of networks. ECRPW takes into consideration the nodes' residual energy during the election process of cluster heads. The constraint of distance threshold is used to optimize cluster scheme. Furthermore, the protocol also sets up a routing tree based on cluster heads' weight. The results show that ECRPW had better perfor- mance in energy consumption, death ratio of node and network lifetime.
基金supported by National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2014BAH14F01National Science and Technology Major Project of China under Grant No.2012ZX03005007+1 种基金National NSF of China Grant No.61402372Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Grant No.3102014JSJ0003
文摘Sensor networks tend to support different traffic patterns since more and more emerging applications have diverse needs. We present MGRP, a Multi-Gradient Routing Protocol for wireless sensor networks, which is fully distributed and efficiently supports endto-end, one-to-many and many-to-one traffic patterns by effectively construct and maintain a gradient vector for each node. We further combine neighbor link estimation with routing information to reduce packet exchange on network dynamics and node failures. We have implemented MGRP on Tiny OS and evaluated its performance on real-world testbeds. The result shows MGRP achieves lower end-to-end packet delay in different traffic patterns compared to the state of the art routing protocols while still remains high packet delivery ratio.
文摘With the inclusion of satellite Internet as the information infrastructure in China's "new infrastructure" category,relevant domestic industries and scientific research institutes have successively carried out the design of broadband low earth orbit(LEO) constellation systems and key technical research.As the core technology for the satellite-to-ground network communications of a broadband LEO constellation system,routing technology is extremely important for the efficient and reliable transmission of various service data.Focusing on the two important broadband LEO constellation systems in China,in-depth analysis and simulation of the high dynamics of the satellite-to-ground satellites are conducted in this paper to obtain more accurate network topology changes and characteristics;then the adaptability of the ground standard IP routing protocol to the broadband LEO constellation system is analyzed,and an LEO constellation simulation scenario is built with the Opnet software.The simulation results of the convergence performance of the standard IP routing protocol are produced.The results show that the IP protocol does not perform well for LEO satellite constellation networks.Based on the studies,some solutions are proposed to take full advantages of the characteristics of LEO satellite systems.These can also provide a reference for the choice of intersatellite routing architecture and protocol technology for broadband LEO constellation in the future development.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.ZYGX2009j006Foundation of Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2011GZ0192
文摘A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact factors in route calculation through the cross-layer operation mechanism： the node available bandwidth, the node load, the link delivery rate, and the link interference, and thus the effect of route selection is optimized greatly. The simulation results show that the proposed CL-OLSR protocol can not only improve the network throughput to a large extent, but also reduce the end-to-end delay, while achieving load balance route results.
基金supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI under Grant Number25730053
文摘Providing efficient packet delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） is particularly challenging due to the vehicle move- ment and lossy wireless channels. A data packet can be lost at a forwarding node even when a proper node is selected as the for- warding node. In this paper, we propose a loss-tolerant scheme for unicast routing protocols in VANETs. The proposed scheme employs multiple forwarding nodes to improve the packet reception ratio at the forwarding nodes. The scheme uses network coding to reduce the number of required transmissions, resulting in a significant improvement in end-to-end packet delivery ratio with low message overhead. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated by using both theoretical analysis and computer sim-
基金Supported by the Performance Simulation and Computation Complexity on Computer Network Foundation (No.F2004060)
文摘The electronic system in a comprehensive shipboard has a extremely wide bandwidth. It supports synchronized and asynchronous data transmission, muhimedia correspondence, and videophone conferencing. In order to guarantee the security and correspondent real time of the communication, choosing a multicast routing protocol based on different applications is a key problem in terms of the complexity of the system. A simulation model was first designed for existing multicast routing protocols in NS-2 and analysis was performed on their corresponding application environments. The experiments proved that PIM-DM based on the shortest-path tree protocol is suitable for communication in the field of comprehensive shipboard. Further work that is necessary is also discussed.
文摘The application environments of wireless Ad hoc networks require that it should support Quality of Service (QoS). However, that is very difficult because of the inherent characteristics of the wireless channel and the frequent changes of network topology caused by nodes movement. An Ad hoc QoS Multicasting (AQM) protocol can solve this problem by previously reserving the neighbor nodes for tracking resource availability. By considering QoS restrictions of transport delay, loss ratio, bandwidth requirement, delay jitter, and throughout, and by finding the adaptive routing, the AQM protocol can obviously improve the efficiency of multicastsession. The results of network simulation show that QoS is essentially applicable to Ad hoc networks.
基金Acknowledgements Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities（72104988）, The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （ 2009AA01 Z204, 2007AA01Z429, 2007AA01Z405）, The post doctor science foundation of China （20090451495, 20090461415） The National Natural science foundation of China （60874085, 60633020, 60803151 ）, The Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China （Program No. SJ08F13）, The Aviation Sci- ence Foundation of China （2007ZD31003, 2008ZD31001 ）
文摘In the wireless sensor networks, high efficient data routing for the limited energy resource networks is an important issue. By introducing Antcolony algorithm, this paper proposes the wireless sensor network routing algorithm based on LEACH. During the construction of sensor network clusters, to avoid the node premature death because of the energy consumption, only the nodes whose residual energy is higher than the average energy can be chosen as the cluster heads. The method of repeated division is used to divide the clusters in sensor networks so that the numbers of the nodes in each cluster are balanced. The basic thought of ant-colony algorithm is adopted to realize the data routing between the cluster heads and sink nodes, and the maintenance of routing. The analysis and simulation showed that the proposed routing protocol not only can reduce the energy consumption, balance the energy consumption between nodes, but also prolong the network lifetime.
基金This paper is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61701322)the Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Plan of Shenyang(RC190026)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-237)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Science Foundation(JYT19052).
文摘Flying Ad hoc Network(FANET)has drawn significant consideration due to its rapid advancements and extensive use in civil applications.However,the characteristics of FANET including high mobility,limited resources,and distributed nature,have posed a new challenge to develop a secure and ef-ficient routing scheme for FANET.To overcome these challenges,this paper proposes a novel cluster based secure routing scheme,which aims to solve the routing and data security problem of FANET.In this scheme,the optimal cluster head selection is based on residual energy,online time,reputation,blockchain transactions,mobility,and connectivity by using Improved Artificial Bee Colony Optimization(IABC).The proposed IABC utilizes two different search equations for employee bee and onlooker bee to enhance convergence rate and exploitation abilities.Further,a lightweight blockchain consensus algorithm,AI-Proof of Witness Consensus Algorithm(AI-PoWCA)is proposed,which utilizes the optimal cluster head for mining.In AI-PoWCA,the concept of the witness for block verification is also involved to make the proposed scheme resource efficient and highly resilient against 51%attack.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms its counterparts and achieves up to 90%packet delivery ratio,lowest end-to-end delay,highest throughput,resilience against security attacks,and superior in block processing time.
文摘In an ad hoc network, it is usually difficult to optimize the assignment of network routing resources using a single type of routing protocol due to the differences in network scale, node moving mode and node distribution. Therefore, it is desirable to have nodes run multiple routing protocols simultaneously so that more than one protocols can be chosen to work jointly. For this purpose, a multiple routing platform for Ad hoc networks is proposed on a higher level of current routing protocols. In order to ensure the security of the platform, a security mechanism and its formal analysis by BAN logic is given. The simulation results of the network performance demonstrate that the proposed multi-routing platform is practicable in some complex applications.
基金funded by the Next Generation Bandwidth Wireless Mobile Communication Network Programa Key National Science and Technology Specific Project sponsored by MIIT of China, under Grant No. 2010ZX03004-001
文摘Decentralized peer-to-peer session initiation protocol （P2PSIP） provides the same services as legacy SIPs such as IMS. However, in relatively open network, the requirement for route efficiency in a complex environment brings about undefined problems. To deploy a controllable P2PSIP network, perfect mechanisms have to be appended, especially in QoS, security, and management. Several proposals for QoS, network address translation （NAT）, and interworking have been put forward. In this paper, we propose an integrated architecture for a P2PSIP system as well as a proactive intelligent routing scheme on the media plane used in system. Implementation and simulation show that our solution is suitable for operation and management.
文摘In a Wireless Mesh Network(WMN),the convenience of a routing strategy strongly depends on the mobility of the intermediate nodes that compose the paths.Taking this behaviour into account,this paper presents a routing scheme that works differently accordingly to the node mobility.In this sense,a proactive routing scheme is restricted to the backbone to promote the use of stable routes.Conversely,the reactive protocol is used for searching routes to or from a mobile destination.Both approaches are simultaneously implemented in the mesh nodes so that the routing protocols share routing information that optimises the network performance.Aimed at guaranteeing the IP compatibility,the combination of the two protocols in the core routers is carried out in the Medium Access Control(MAC)layer.In contrast to the operation in the IP layer where two routing protocols cannot work concurrently,the transfer of the routing tasks to the MAC layer enables the use of multiple independent forwarding tables.Simulation results show the advantage of the proposal in terms of packet losses and data delay.
