为获得爆炸冲击波下人员胸部损伤机理,借助高保真数字假人模型(Total Human Model for Safety,THUMS),使用Load_Blast_Enhanced方法与任意拉格朗日欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)方法构建了人体-爆炸流场数值模型,对爆炸冲击波下...为获得爆炸冲击波下人员胸部损伤机理,借助高保真数字假人模型(Total Human Model for Safety,THUMS),使用Load_Blast_Enhanced方法与任意拉格朗日欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)方法构建了人体-爆炸流场数值模型,对爆炸冲击波下人体胸部的损伤情况开展数值计算,结合爆炸事故验证模型的有效性;基于冲击波峰值超压准则和Axelsson损伤模型判别6个工况下人员伤情等级,发现仅在TNT当量1500 g、爆距4 m时人员有轻伤风险。基于皮肤、骨骼、心肺的动态响应细致分析人员各组织器官的损伤类型,揭示了人员轻伤时的损伤模式及爆炸冲击波的致伤机理,研究结果可为爆炸致伤人员损伤评估的研究及相关防护装备的设计提供参考。展开更多
To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA...To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.展开更多
用第4代新版丰田人体模型THUMS(Total Human Model for Safety),分析研究了正面碰撞对于乘员人体模型的头部﹑胸部﹑腿部的伤害。基于国内某款运动型多功能车(SUV)零部件试验和正面碰撞试验,利用动态非线性显式有限元方法,建立了有限元...用第4代新版丰田人体模型THUMS(Total Human Model for Safety),分析研究了正面碰撞对于乘员人体模型的头部﹑胸部﹑腿部的伤害。基于国内某款运动型多功能车(SUV)零部件试验和正面碰撞试验,利用动态非线性显式有限元方法,建立了有限元约束系统模型,用Hyperworks软件作为前后处理器,用动力学分析软件LS-Dyna为求解器的仿真模式。结果表明:该款THUMS人体模型头骨最大压应力2.4 MPa,颅内压应力44 k Pa,头部无损伤风险;股骨﹑胫骨最大应变0.4%,左右十字韧带应变3.6%,腿部无损伤风险。上肋骨应变大于3%,胸部压缩量达到30 mm,造成胸部简明损伤等级三级(AIS3)的概率为30%。因此,该碰撞工况下最有可能受伤的部位是胸部。展开更多
为探索民机驾驶舱人机交互典型场景中人为差错发生的认知层面原因,运用人的排队网络信息加工模型(Queuing Network-Model Human Processor, QN-MHP)和人因可靠性方法对空速不可靠场景下的飞行员行为进行仿真研究。首先,通过设计任务及...为探索民机驾驶舱人机交互典型场景中人为差错发生的认知层面原因,运用人的排队网络信息加工模型(Queuing Network-Model Human Processor, QN-MHP)和人因可靠性方法对空速不可靠场景下的飞行员行为进行仿真研究。首先,通过设计任务及场景进行任务建模;然后,对模型中表示各脑区功能服务器的处理时间、处理容量及实体处理路径与差错概率赋值,进行24次仿真模拟;最后,通过设计模拟飞行试验,验证QN-MHP模型在民机驾驶舱人机交互研究中的可行性。结果表明,在空客A320机型空速不可靠处置任务中,飞行员在处置路径上易发生人为差错,在故障的识别、判断等关键节点也有少数差错发生,且任务过程中飞行员眼部利用率较高。研究表明,飞行员过高的用眼负荷是导致驾驶舱人机交互失效的原因之一,在未来驾驶舱人机交互流程设计及飞行训练中应予以重点关注。展开更多
文摘为获得爆炸冲击波下人员胸部损伤机理,借助高保真数字假人模型(Total Human Model for Safety,THUMS),使用Load_Blast_Enhanced方法与任意拉格朗日欧拉(Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler,ALE)方法构建了人体-爆炸流场数值模型,对爆炸冲击波下人体胸部的损伤情况开展数值计算,结合爆炸事故验证模型的有效性;基于冲击波峰值超压准则和Axelsson损伤模型判别6个工况下人员伤情等级,发现仅在TNT当量1500 g、爆距4 m时人员有轻伤风险。基于皮肤、骨骼、心肺的动态响应细致分析人员各组织器官的损伤类型,揭示了人员轻伤时的损伤模式及爆炸冲击波的致伤机理,研究结果可为爆炸致伤人员损伤评估的研究及相关防护装备的设计提供参考。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB1600601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Civil Aviation Administration of China(U1933106)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Educational Committee(2019KJ134)the Natural Science Foundation of TianjinIntelligent Civil Aviation Program(21JCQNJ C00900)。
文摘To solve the problem of risk identification and quantitative assessment for human-computer interaction(HCI)in complex avionics systems,an HCI safety analysis framework based on system-theoretical process analysis(STPA)and cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM)is proposed.STPACREAM can identify unsafe control actions and find the causal path during the interaction of avionics systems and pilot with the help of formal verification tools automatically.The common performance conditions(CPC)of avionics systems in the aviation environment is established and a quantitative analysis of human failure is carried out.Taking the head-up display(HUD)system interaction process as an example,a case analysis is carried out,the layered safety control structure and formal model of the HUD interaction process are established.For the interactive behavior“Pilots approaching with HUD”,four unsafe control actions and35 causal scenarios are identified and the impact of common performance conditions at different levels on the pilot decision model are analyzed.The results show that HUD's HCI level gradually improves as the scores of CPC increase,and the quality of crew member cooperation and time sufficiency of the task is the key to its HCI.Through case analysis,it is shown that STPACREAM can quantitatively assess the hazards in HCI and identify the key factors that impact safety.
文摘用第4代新版丰田人体模型THUMS(Total Human Model for Safety),分析研究了正面碰撞对于乘员人体模型的头部﹑胸部﹑腿部的伤害。基于国内某款运动型多功能车(SUV)零部件试验和正面碰撞试验,利用动态非线性显式有限元方法,建立了有限元约束系统模型,用Hyperworks软件作为前后处理器,用动力学分析软件LS-Dyna为求解器的仿真模式。结果表明:该款THUMS人体模型头骨最大压应力2.4 MPa,颅内压应力44 k Pa,头部无损伤风险;股骨﹑胫骨最大应变0.4%,左右十字韧带应变3.6%,腿部无损伤风险。上肋骨应变大于3%,胸部压缩量达到30 mm,造成胸部简明损伤等级三级(AIS3)的概率为30%。因此,该碰撞工况下最有可能受伤的部位是胸部。
文摘为探索民机驾驶舱人机交互典型场景中人为差错发生的认知层面原因,运用人的排队网络信息加工模型(Queuing Network-Model Human Processor, QN-MHP)和人因可靠性方法对空速不可靠场景下的飞行员行为进行仿真研究。首先,通过设计任务及场景进行任务建模;然后,对模型中表示各脑区功能服务器的处理时间、处理容量及实体处理路径与差错概率赋值,进行24次仿真模拟;最后,通过设计模拟飞行试验,验证QN-MHP模型在民机驾驶舱人机交互研究中的可行性。结果表明,在空客A320机型空速不可靠处置任务中,飞行员在处置路径上易发生人为差错,在故障的识别、判断等关键节点也有少数差错发生,且任务过程中飞行员眼部利用率较高。研究表明,飞行员过高的用眼负荷是导致驾驶舱人机交互失效的原因之一,在未来驾驶舱人机交互流程设计及飞行训练中应予以重点关注。
