This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Appl...This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.展开更多
The products of thermal desorption were generated under the temperature of 280 ℃ and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with capillary column,the residual monomer styrene was no detected.The produc...The products of thermal desorption were generated under the temperature of 280 ℃ and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with capillary column,the residual monomer styrene was no detected.The products of pyrolysis were generated under the temperature of 550 ℃ and were analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry,14 compounds were detected.展开更多
Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is one of the latest rapid prototyping techniques in which parts can be manufactured at a fast pace and are manufactured with a high accuracy. This research work is carried out to study ...Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is one of the latest rapid prototyping techniques in which parts can be manufactured at a fast pace and are manufactured with a high accuracy. This research work is carried out to study the friction and wear behavior of parts made of newly developed Nylon6-Fe composite material by FDM. This work also involves the comparison of the friction and wear characteristics of the Nylon6-Fe composite with the existing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) filament of the FDM machine. This Is carried out on the pin on disk setup by varying the load(5, 10, 15 and 20 N) and speed(200 and 300 r/min). It is concluded that the newly developed composite is highly wear resistant and can be used in industrial applications where wear resistance is of paramount importance. Morphology of the surface in contact with the Nylon6-Fe composite and ABS is also carried out.展开更多
Hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by heteronuclear metal cluster [PhCH<sub>2</sub>Me<sub>3</sub>N]-[FeCo<sub>3</sub>（CO）<sub>12</sub>] was studied. The effect of t...Hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by heteronuclear metal cluster [PhCH<sub>2</sub>Me<sub>3</sub>N]-[FeCo<sub>3</sub>（CO）<sub>12</sub>] was studied. The effect of temperature, pressure, and solvent ect. on olefin hydroformylation was examined. The results show that for the hydroformylation of various olefins, e.g. 1-hexene, isobutene, 2-octene, cyclohexene, diisobutene, and styrene, the Fe-Co cluster exhibits rather high activity under mild conditions. For example, under the pressure such of 4 MPa, H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 1: 1, at 120℃, 1-hexene was hydroformylated to heptanal with the conversion of 】 80％ and the selectivity of 】 95％ in 1 hr.展开更多
The hydrogenation rate of styrene in benzene using RhCI（PPh<sub>3</sub>）<sub>3</sub> as catalyst increases with the concentration of styrene. But the hydrogenation rate of cyclohexene is rath...The hydrogenation rate of styrene in benzene using RhCI（PPh<sub>3</sub>）<sub>3</sub> as catalyst increases with the concentration of styrene. But the hydrogenation rate of cyclohexene is rather different, It shows a maximum. So we inquire into the reaction mechanism of cyclohexene hydrogenation catalyzed by RhCI（PPh<sub>3</sub>）<sub>3</sub>. The rate of hydrogenation was measured at 25±0.15℃, as a function. of catalyst concentration, olefin concentration, triphenylphosphine concentration and hydrogen pressure. The maximum of the reaction rate is interpreted by the formation of RhClL<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. The rate determining step is considered to be the reaction of olefin insertion into one of the Rh-H bonds formed by hydrogenation of RhClL3 to H<sub>2</sub>RhClL<sub>3</sub>. The hydrogenation rate of the substrate can be described by a third order equation in terms of concentration of H<sub>2</sub>RhClL<sub>3</sub>. Average error between the results evaluated by this equation and experimental results is about 4.9％. The quantum chemistry calculation gives support to the present mechanism.展开更多
[Poly(styryl)bipyridine]palladium(O),a polymer-bound hydrogrnation catalyst,was characterized by DRS,ESCA and electron microscopy.This material was used as cata-lyst for the vinylation of ary liodides.It was found tha...[Poly(styryl)bipyridine]palladium(O),a polymer-bound hydrogrnation catalyst,was characterized by DRS,ESCA and electron microscopy.This material was used as cata-lyst for the vinylation of ary liodides.It was found that the catalytic activlty is comparableto that of the homogeneous catalyst and is not remarkably lowered on being used threetimes With this catalyst,a series of substituted stilbenes,cinnamic acids and methylcinnamates was prepared in high yields.展开更多
文摘This study investigates the potential of metal additives in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)polymer fuel to enhance hybrid rocket motor(HRM)performance through computational analysis,Chemical Equilibrium with Applications(CEA),software.ABS was selected as the base fuel due to its thermoplastic nature,which allows for the creation of complex fuel geometries through 3D printing,offering significant flexibility in fuel design.Hybrid rockets,which combine a solid fuel with a liquid oxidiser,offer advantages in terms of operational simplicity and safety.However,conventional polymer fuels often exhibit low regression rates and suboptimal combustion efficiencies.In this research,we evaluated a range of metal additives-aluminium(Al),boron(B),nickel(Ni),copper(Cu),and iron(Fe)-at chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 30 bar and oxidiser-to-fuel(O/F)ratios between 1.1 and 12,resulting in 1800 unique test conditions.The main performance parameters used to assess each formulation were characteristic velocity(C^(*))and adiabatic flame temperature.The results revealed that each test produced a different optimum O/F ratio,with most ratios falling between 4 and 6.The highest performance was achieved at a chamber pressure of 30 bar across all formulations.Among the additives,Al and B demonstrated significant potential for improved combustion performance with increasing metal loadings.In contrast,Fe,Cu,and Ni reached optimal performance at a minimum loading of 1%.Future work includes investigating B-Al metal composites as additives into the ABS base polymer fuel,and doing experimental validation tests where the metallised ABS polymer fuel is 3D printed.
文摘The products of thermal desorption were generated under the temperature of 280 ℃ and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with capillary column,the residual monomer styrene was no detected.The products of pyrolysis were generated under the temperature of 550 ℃ and were analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry,14 compounds were detected.
基金PTU Jalandhar,Manufacturing Research Lab GNDEC,Ludhiana and DST GOI for financial support
文摘Fused deposition modeling(FDM) is one of the latest rapid prototyping techniques in which parts can be manufactured at a fast pace and are manufactured with a high accuracy. This research work is carried out to study the friction and wear behavior of parts made of newly developed Nylon6-Fe composite material by FDM. This work also involves the comparison of the friction and wear characteristics of the Nylon6-Fe composite with the existing acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS) filament of the FDM machine. This Is carried out on the pin on disk setup by varying the load(5, 10, 15 and 20 N) and speed(200 and 300 r/min). It is concluded that the newly developed composite is highly wear resistant and can be used in industrial applications where wear resistance is of paramount importance. Morphology of the surface in contact with the Nylon6-Fe composite and ABS is also carried out.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Hydroformylation of olefins catalyzed by heteronuclear metal cluster [PhCH<sub>2</sub>Me<sub>3</sub>N]-[FeCo<sub>3</sub>（CO）<sub>12</sub>] was studied. The effect of temperature, pressure, and solvent ect. on olefin hydroformylation was examined. The results show that for the hydroformylation of various olefins, e.g. 1-hexene, isobutene, 2-octene, cyclohexene, diisobutene, and styrene, the Fe-Co cluster exhibits rather high activity under mild conditions. For example, under the pressure such of 4 MPa, H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 1: 1, at 120℃, 1-hexene was hydroformylated to heptanal with the conversion of 】 80％ and the selectivity of 】 95％ in 1 hr.
文摘The hydrogenation rate of styrene in benzene using RhCI（PPh<sub>3</sub>）<sub>3</sub> as catalyst increases with the concentration of styrene. But the hydrogenation rate of cyclohexene is rather different, It shows a maximum. So we inquire into the reaction mechanism of cyclohexene hydrogenation catalyzed by RhCI（PPh<sub>3</sub>）<sub>3</sub>. The rate of hydrogenation was measured at 25±0.15℃, as a function. of catalyst concentration, olefin concentration, triphenylphosphine concentration and hydrogen pressure. The maximum of the reaction rate is interpreted by the formation of RhClL<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>. The rate determining step is considered to be the reaction of olefin insertion into one of the Rh-H bonds formed by hydrogenation of RhClL3 to H<sub>2</sub>RhClL<sub>3</sub>. The hydrogenation rate of the substrate can be described by a third order equation in terms of concentration of H<sub>2</sub>RhClL<sub>3</sub>. Average error between the results evaluated by this equation and experimental results is about 4.9％. The quantum chemistry calculation gives support to the present mechanism.
文摘[Poly(styryl)bipyridine]palladium(O),a polymer-bound hydrogrnation catalyst,was characterized by DRS,ESCA and electron microscopy.This material was used as cata-lyst for the vinylation of ary liodides.It was found that the catalytic activlty is comparableto that of the homogeneous catalyst and is not remarkably lowered on being used threetimes With this catalyst,a series of substituted stilbenes,cinnamic acids and methylcinnamates was prepared in high yields.
