近年来,皮秒脉冲电场诱导的生物电效应逐渐引起了国内外研究学者的关注。现有细胞实验已经初步证实,皮秒脉冲电场对神经元细胞及其动作电位有一定影响。然而,目前国内外尚未见皮秒脉冲对神经元spike发放影响的相关研究报道,皮秒脉冲对...近年来,皮秒脉冲电场诱导的生物电效应逐渐引起了国内外研究学者的关注。现有细胞实验已经初步证实,皮秒脉冲电场对神经元细胞及其动作电位有一定影响。然而,目前国内外尚未见皮秒脉冲对神经元spike发放影响的相关研究报道,皮秒脉冲对动物神经元spike发放的调控效果仍为一个未知数。为此,基于可调式皮秒脉冲发生器（最大峰值电压–1 000 V,半高宽550 ps,上升时间150 ps,重复频率0~10 k Hz可调）,以大鼠运动皮层神经元为实验对象,有效开展了皮秒脉冲对大鼠运动皮层电生理活动影响的研究,初步探讨了皮秒脉冲幅值、重复频率及作用时间等对大鼠运动皮层神经元spike发放的影响。实验发现：大鼠运动皮层神经元spike发放的改变与皮秒脉冲幅值、重复频率及作用时间密切相关。当皮秒脉冲电压幅值绝对值大于1 k V时,神经元spike发放开始出现变化。随着皮秒脉冲重复频率的增大,神经元spike发放有先增强后抑制的趋势。随着皮秒脉冲作用时间的增加,神经元spike发放出现增强或抑制效果的频率响应窗口均提前。展开更多
A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SA RS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus...A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SA RS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus and a potential target for SARS-specific cell-mediated immune responses. A pa nel of S protein-derived peptides was tested for their binding affinity to HLA -A *0201 molecules. Peptides with high affinity for HLA-A *0201 were then as se ssed for their capacity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by cytotoxi c T lymphocytes (CTLs) both in vivo, in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice, a nd in vitro, from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) harvested from healthy HLA-A 2.1 + donors. SARS-CoV protein-derived peptide-1 (SSp-1 RLNEVAKNL), induced pepti de-specific CTLs both in vivo (transgenic mice) and in vitro (human PBL s), which specifically released interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) upon stimulation with SSp-1-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DCs) or T2 cells. SSp-1-specif ic CTLs also lysed major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched tumor cell lines engineered to express S proteins. HLA-A *0201-SSp-1 tetramer staining re vealed the presence of significant populations of SSp-1-specific CTLs in SSp- 1-induced CD8 + T cells. We propose that the newly identified epitope SSp-1 w ill help in the characterization of virus control mechanisms and immunopathology in SARS-CoV infection, and may be relevant to the development of immunotherape utic approaches for SARS.展开更多
局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)与神经元发放的锋电位(spike)之间的同步关系揭示了重要的神经编码信息。为了研究不同对比度的光栅刺激下猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性,本文将锋电位触发的相关矩阵同步方法应用于在...局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)与神经元发放的锋电位(spike)之间的同步关系揭示了重要的神经编码信息。为了研究不同对比度的光栅刺激下猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性,本文将锋电位触发的相关矩阵同步方法应用于在猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区记录的微电极信号,发现spike与gamma频段LFP之间的同步与光栅朝向之间存在较强的相关性,反映了视觉刺激的基本特征信息。另外,神经元spike的发放速率虽然会受到光栅朝向的影响,但是在不同对比度下发放速率并无明显区别,而spike-LFP同步会随着对比度的增加而增加,能够反映出同一朝向下对比度的变化。本文还利用圆方差来量化spike-LFP同步的朝向调谐曲线,发现对比度越大,V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性越强,V1区神经元比V4区神经元具有更强的朝向选择性。总之,spike-LFP同步能够更深入地揭示视皮层神经元的朝向调谐特性,为研究朝向选择性的形成机制提供新的方向。展开更多
神经元动作电位(spike)的发放和局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)之间的锁相关系是重要的神经编码信息,但是目前的研究在连续运动过程中对锁相相位分布特征的分析仍比较缺乏.利用猕猴伸展抓握运动范式下的spike和LFP delta节律的...神经元动作电位(spike)的发放和局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)之间的锁相关系是重要的神经编码信息,但是目前的研究在连续运动过程中对锁相相位分布特征的分析仍比较缺乏.利用猕猴伸展抓握运动范式下的spike和LFP delta节律的锁相特性,分别在不同运动阶段,不同事件前后100 ms内,以及连续时间窗3种时间尺度下对M1、S1、PPC脑区的锁相相位分布变化进行了分析,实验发现在猕猴的连续运动中的不同阶段,spike和LFP的锁相相位分布具有不同的相位分布特点和相位分布峰值位置;对关键的事件TargetOn、CenterRelease、TargetHit发生前后各100 ms内的锁相相位分布进行分析,结果发现事件发生前后100 ms内的锁相相位分布具有显著差异性,锁相相位的峰值位置跟随时间增大;使用连续时间窗对运动中的锁相相位分布进行分析,结果表明锁相的相位分布在跟随时间变化,这种变化在CenterRelease事件发生前后更加剧烈,对相邻时间窗的均值差异分析表明伸手阶段内的锁相相位分布变化最为剧烈.对连续运动中不同的时间阶段锁相相位分布变化的分析所发现的规律,可以为解析大脑对运动过程中神经信息编码提供新的思路.展开更多
Spiking neural P systems with anti-spikes （ASN P systems） are variant forms of spiking neural P systems, which are inspired by inhibitory impulses/spikes or inhibitory synapses. The typical feature of ASN P systems ...Spiking neural P systems with anti-spikes （ASN P systems） are variant forms of spiking neural P systems, which are inspired by inhibitory impulses/spikes or inhibitory synapses. The typical feature of ASN P systems is when a neuron contains both spikes and anti-spikes, spikes and anti-spikes wil immediately annihilate each other in a maximal way. In this paper, a restricted variant of ASN P systems, cal ed ASN P systems without anni-hilating priority, is considered, where the annihilating rule is used as the standard rule, i.e., it is not obligatory to use in the neuron associated with both spikes and anti-spikes. If the annihilating rule is used in a neuron, the annihilation wil consume one time unit. As a result, such systems using two categories of spiking rules （identified by （a, a） and （a,a^-）） can achieve Turing completeness as number accepting devices.展开更多
文摘近年来,皮秒脉冲电场诱导的生物电效应逐渐引起了国内外研究学者的关注。现有细胞实验已经初步证实,皮秒脉冲电场对神经元细胞及其动作电位有一定影响。然而,目前国内外尚未见皮秒脉冲对神经元spike发放影响的相关研究报道,皮秒脉冲对动物神经元spike发放的调控效果仍为一个未知数。为此,基于可调式皮秒脉冲发生器（最大峰值电压–1 000 V,半高宽550 ps,上升时间150 ps,重复频率0~10 k Hz可调）,以大鼠运动皮层神经元为实验对象,有效开展了皮秒脉冲对大鼠运动皮层电生理活动影响的研究,初步探讨了皮秒脉冲幅值、重复频率及作用时间等对大鼠运动皮层神经元spike发放的影响。实验发现：大鼠运动皮层神经元spike发放的改变与皮秒脉冲幅值、重复频率及作用时间密切相关。当皮秒脉冲电压幅值绝对值大于1 k V时,神经元spike发放开始出现变化。随着皮秒脉冲重复频率的增大,神经元spike发放有先增强后抑制的趋势。随着皮秒脉冲作用时间的增加,神经元spike发放出现增强或抑制效果的频率响应窗口均提前。
文摘A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SA RS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the causal agent of SARS. Spike (S) protein is a major structural glycoprotein of the SARS virus and a potential target for SARS-specific cell-mediated immune responses. A pa nel of S protein-derived peptides was tested for their binding affinity to HLA -A *0201 molecules. Peptides with high affinity for HLA-A *0201 were then as se ssed for their capacity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by cytotoxi c T lymphocytes (CTLs) both in vivo, in HLA-A2.1/K b transgenic mice, a nd in vitro, from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) harvested from healthy HLA-A 2.1 + donors. SARS-CoV protein-derived peptide-1 (SSp-1 RLNEVAKNL), induced pepti de-specific CTLs both in vivo (transgenic mice) and in vitro (human PBL s), which specifically released interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) upon stimulation with SSp-1-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (DCs) or T2 cells. SSp-1-specif ic CTLs also lysed major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched tumor cell lines engineered to express S proteins. HLA-A *0201-SSp-1 tetramer staining re vealed the presence of significant populations of SSp-1-specific CTLs in SSp- 1-induced CD8 + T cells. We propose that the newly identified epitope SSp-1 w ill help in the characterization of virus control mechanisms and immunopathology in SARS-CoV infection, and may be relevant to the development of immunotherape utic approaches for SARS.
文摘局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)与神经元发放的锋电位(spike)之间的同步关系揭示了重要的神经编码信息。为了研究不同对比度的光栅刺激下猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性,本文将锋电位触发的相关矩阵同步方法应用于在猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区记录的微电极信号,发现spike与gamma频段LFP之间的同步与光栅朝向之间存在较强的相关性,反映了视觉刺激的基本特征信息。另外,神经元spike的发放速率虽然会受到光栅朝向的影响,但是在不同对比度下发放速率并无明显区别,而spike-LFP同步会随着对比度的增加而增加,能够反映出同一朝向下对比度的变化。本文还利用圆方差来量化spike-LFP同步的朝向调谐曲线,发现对比度越大,V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性越强,V1区神经元比V4区神经元具有更强的朝向选择性。总之,spike-LFP同步能够更深入地揭示视皮层神经元的朝向调谐特性,为研究朝向选择性的形成机制提供新的方向。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6103300361100145+1 种基金91130034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M550389)
文摘Spiking neural P systems with anti-spikes （ASN P systems） are variant forms of spiking neural P systems, which are inspired by inhibitory impulses/spikes or inhibitory synapses. The typical feature of ASN P systems is when a neuron contains both spikes and anti-spikes, spikes and anti-spikes wil immediately annihilate each other in a maximal way. In this paper, a restricted variant of ASN P systems, cal ed ASN P systems without anni-hilating priority, is considered, where the annihilating rule is used as the standard rule, i.e., it is not obligatory to use in the neuron associated with both spikes and anti-spikes. If the annihilating rule is used in a neuron, the annihilation wil consume one time unit. As a result, such systems using two categories of spiking rules （identified by （a, a） and （a,a^-）） can achieve Turing completeness as number accepting devices.
