V2O3 nanoparticles with high surface area have been successfully prepared by a new solvothermal method without using any surfactant and template. The size of V2O3 nanoparticles is mostly equal to 10 nm-30 nm. The high...V2O3 nanoparticles with high surface area have been successfully prepared by a new solvothermal method without using any surfactant and template. The size of V2O3 nanoparticles is mostly equal to 10 nm-30 nm. The highest surface area of obtained V2O3 nanoparticles reaches 49 m2/g. Several kinds of V2O3 catalysts were prepared by different methods. All these V2O3 catalysts obtained thereby showed high catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization(ODS) reaction by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. The V2O3 catalyst with a highest ODS activity was obtained under the following conditions: The catalyst was prepared upon using V2O5 as the vanadium source, methanol as the solvent, and oxalic acid as the complexing reagent at a V2O5/oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2. The process for ODS of dibenzothiophene was carried out under mild conditions(under atmospheric pressure and at a relatively low temperature). The highest ODS activity of the obtained V2O3 nanoparticles can be attributed to their highest surface area.展开更多
A new solvothermal post-synthesis treatment for preparing high aspect ratio magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides(Mg Al–LDHs) has been developed. Treating laurate-intercalated Mg Al–LDHs in pure ethanol in a...A new solvothermal post-synthesis treatment for preparing high aspect ratio magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides(Mg Al–LDHs) has been developed. Treating laurate-intercalated Mg Al–LDHs in pure ethanol in an autoclave for 48 h at 150 °C was found to produce delaminated MgA l–LDH nanosheets with a thickness of ~2.6 nm and an aspect ratio of ~105. It is proposed that the high pressure solvothermal process promotes the insertion of ethanol molecules into the LDH interlayer space, thereby facilitating delamination. This new post-synthesis treatment provides the opportunity for a facile, large scale route to highly delaminated high aspect ratio LDHs, which might be of interest towards novel nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage.展开更多
Well-shaped and uniformly dispersed LiFePOnanorods with a length of 400–500 nm and a diameter of about 100 nm, are obtained with participation of a proper amount of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate（SDS） wi...Well-shaped and uniformly dispersed LiFePOnanorods with a length of 400–500 nm and a diameter of about 100 nm, are obtained with participation of a proper amount of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate（SDS） without any further heating as a post-treatment. The surfactant acts as a self-assembling supermolecular template, which stimulated the crystallization of LiFePOand directed the nanoparticles growing into nanorods between bilayers of surfactant（BOS）. LiFePOnanorods with the reducing crystal size along the b axis shorten the diffusion distance of Liextraction/insertion, and thus improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePOnanorods. Such prepared LiFePOnanorods exhibited excellent specific capacity and high rate capability with discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g, 122 mAh/g and 95 mAh/g at 0.1C, 1 C and 5 C, respectively. Such excellent performance of LiFePOnanorods is supposed to be ascribed to the fast Lidiffusion velocity from reduced crystal size along the b axis and the well electrochemical conductivity. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HRTEM, charge/discharge tests, and EIS（electrochemical impedance spectra）.展开更多
We investigated the effects of using different thicknesses of pure and vanadium-doped thin films of TiO2 as the electron transport layer in the inverted configuration of organic photovoltaic cells based on poly（3-hex...We investigated the effects of using different thicknesses of pure and vanadium-doped thin films of TiO2 as the electron transport layer in the inverted configuration of organic photovoltaic cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） P3HT：[6-6] phenyl-（6） butyric acid methyl ester（PCBM）. 1% vanadium-doped TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized via the solvothermal method. Crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 thin films were studied by different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and UV–visible transmission spectrum. The doctor blade method which is compatible with roll-2-roll printing was used for deposition of pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 thin films with thicknesses of 30 nm and 60 nm. The final results revealed that the best thickness of TiO2 thin films for our fabricated cells was 30 nm. The cell with vanadium-doped TiO2 thin film showed slightly higher power conversion efficiency and great Jsc of 10.7 mA/cm^2 compared with its pure counterpart. In the cells using 60 nm pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 layers, the cell using the doped layer showed much higher efficiency. It is remarkable that the external quantum efficiency of vanadium-doped TiO2 thin film was better in all wavelengths.展开更多
Nanowires have recently attracted more attention because of their low-dimensional structure, tunable optical and electrical properties for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Cd S nanowire array, which i...Nanowires have recently attracted more attention because of their low-dimensional structure, tunable optical and electrical properties for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Cd S nanowire array, which is(002)-orientation growth and approximately perpendicular to Cd foil substrate, has been fabricated by the solvothermal method. In the temperature-dependent photoluminescence, from short wavelength to long wavelength, four peaks can be ascribed to the emissions from the bandgap, the transition from the holes being bound to the donors or the electrons being bound to the acceptors, the transition from Cd interstitials to Cd vacancies, and the transition from S vacancies to the valence band,respectively. In the photoluminescence of 10 K, the emission originated from the bandgap appears in the form of multiple peaks. Two stronger peaks and five weaker peaks can be observed. The energy differences of the adjacent peaks are close to 38 me V, which is ascribed to the LO phonon energy of Cd S. For the multiple peaks of bandgap emission, from low energy to high energy, the first, second, and third peaks are contributed to the third-order, second-order, and first-order phonon replica of the free exciton A, respectively;the fourth peak is originated from the free exciton A;the fifth peak is contributed to the first-order phonon replica of the excitons bound to neutral donors;the sixth and seventh peaks are originated from the excitons bound to neutral donors and the light polarization parallel to the c axis of hexagonal Cd S, respectively.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target ana...Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.展开更多
Developing high-performance noble metal-free and free-standing catalytic electrodes are crucial for overall water splitting. Here, nickel sulfide（NiS） and nickel selenide（Ni Se） are synthesized on nickel foam（NF...Developing high-performance noble metal-free and free-standing catalytic electrodes are crucial for overall water splitting. Here, nickel sulfide（NiS） and nickel selenide（Ni Se） are synthesized on nickel foam（NF） with a one-pot solvothermal method and directly used as free-standing electrodes for efficiently catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） and oxygen evolution reaction（OER） in alkaline solution.In virtue of abundant active sites, the NiS/NF and the NiS e/NF electrodes can deliver a current density of 10 m A cmat only 123 m V, 137 m V for HER and 222 m V, 271 m V for OER. Both of the hierarchical NiS/NF and Ni Se/NF electrodes can serve as anodes and cathodes in electrocatalytic overall watersplitting and can achieve a current density of 10 m A cmwith an applied voltage of.59 V and 1.69 V,respectively. The performance of as-obtained NiS/NF||NiS/NF is even close to that of the noble metalbased Pt/C/NF||IrO/NF system.展开更多
Ni-based phosphides(NiPx)composed of earth-abundant elements are promising cocatalysts to replace noble metals for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction(HER).A safe,energy-saving,and compositioncontrollable synthesis o...Ni-based phosphides(NiPx)composed of earth-abundant elements are promising cocatalysts to replace noble metals for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction(HER).A safe,energy-saving,and compositioncontrollable synthesis of NiPx is still highly desired.A facile and mild solvothermal process was developed for the first time for selective synthesis of a series of NiPx,including Ni,Ni12P5,Ni2P/Ni12P5,Ni/Ni2P and Ni2P,through controlling the dosage of NaBH4 and NaH2PO2.The phosphidation process was mainly composed of(1)a sequential reduction of Ni2+to Nj0 and(H2PO2)-to P(around the formed Ni0)triggered by NaBH4,and(2)a final phosphidation between Nj0 and the in situ generated P atoms.The photocatalytic HER performance of g-C3N4 can be substantially improved with the decoration of NiPx(3 wt%)as the separation of photoinduced charge carriers can be promoted and some active sites with low over-potential for HER can be introduced.The cocatalytic efficiency of NiPx is mainly determined by P content.Ni2P with a high ratio of P consequently exhibits the highest HER performance(215.1 umol g-1 h-1),which is almost six times higher than that of the pristine g-C3N4(35.6 umol g-1 h-1).Thus,as for the cocatalyst based on Ni phosphides,Ni2P is the preferable crystal phase and more efforts should be devoted to Ni2P to further optimize its structure,texture,and morphology in future works.展开更多
In this paper we describe a route to produce crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders from serpentinite ore distributed in the Halilovskiy array （Russia, Orenburg region）. An efficient extraction route consisting of treatm...In this paper we describe a route to produce crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders from serpentinite ore distributed in the Halilovskiy array （Russia, Orenburg region）. An efficient extraction route consisting of treatment on serpentinite in 40% HNO3 at 80 ℃followed by NH4OH titration for Mg（OH）2 precipitation was demonstrated. In this study, crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction method using （Mg（NO3）2·6H2O） which were obtained from serpentinite, NH4OH as a precipitator, and hydroxyethylated nonylphenol as surface-active substance. Microstructure and phase composition of samples were investigated employing scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray phase analysis （XRD）, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy （ICP-OES）. XRD reveals that Mg（OH）2 nanopowder with high purity has the brucite structure. It was found that crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders exclusively consist of lamellar-like structures and the sizes of Mg（OH）2 are 30-265 nm length or width.展开更多
For the first time,WO_(2.72) nanowires were in-situ grown on carbon cloth by a simple solvothermal reaction.The nanowire WO_(2.72)/carbon cloth(NW WO_(2.72)/CC) electrode showed good electrochemical performance with s...For the first time,WO_(2.72) nanowires were in-situ grown on carbon cloth by a simple solvothermal reaction.The nanowire WO_(2.72)/carbon cloth(NW WO_(2.72)/CC) electrode showed good electrochemical performance with specific capacitance(C_s) reaching up to 398 F g^(-1) at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The capacitance of 240 F g^(-1) was retained at a high current density of 16 A g^(-1).To further evaluate the energy storage performance,flexible asymmetric supercapacitors(FASC_s) were fabricated using the activated carbon/carbon cloth(AC/CC) as negative electrode and NW WO_(2.72)/CC as positive electrode,respectively.The FASC_s delivered a high energy density of 28 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 745 W kg^(-1) and 13 Wh kg^(-1) even at a high power density of 22.5 k W kg^(-1).More impressively,81% of the specific capacitance of the FASC_s was retained after 10,000 cycles,indicating excellent cycle stability.This work indicates the NW WO_(2.72)/CC holds a great potential for application in energy storage devices.展开更多
Monodisperse Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared solvothermally starting from manganese acetate by using polyether amide block copolymers(Pebax2533) as a template in isopropanol. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the...Monodisperse Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared solvothermally starting from manganese acetate by using polyether amide block copolymers(Pebax2533) as a template in isopropanol. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the range of 8.7 nm^31.5 nm was decreased with increase of Pebax2533 concentration.The electrochemical properties and application in supercapacitor of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were further studied.The results showed that smaller nanoparticles had a larger capacitance. The higher capacitance of 217.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was obtained on 8.7 nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The specific capacitance retention of 82% was maintained after 500 times of continuous charge-discharge cycles.展开更多
Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged with a huge potential for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, preparation of high-quality perovskite crystals with controlled morphology is of great significance f...Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged with a huge potential for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, preparation of high-quality perovskite crystals with controlled morphology is of great significance for the fundamental studies such as optical and electrical properties, as well as the applications. Here, we report a one-pot solvothermal process to synthesize sheet-shaped CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals with the lateral size of 100 μm and the thickness of 3–8 μm. Furthermore, a controlled etching behavior on the crystalline surface was demonstrated, which could be the irregular collapse of the crystalline surface caused by the local accumulation of methylammonium cations. Using this technique,CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal sheets could be used in the various optoelectronic devices, such as nanolaser,optical sensors, photodetectors and field effect transistors.展开更多
A chemical reaction for the preparation of B-C-N compounds by using carbon tetrachloride （CC14）, boron tribromide （BBr3）, lithium nitride （Li3N） and sodium as reactants has been carried out at the temperature of...A chemical reaction for the preparation of B-C-N compounds by using carbon tetrachloride （CC14）, boron tribromide （BBr3）, lithium nitride （Li3N） and sodium as reactants has been carried out at the temperature of 400℃. Measurements of FTIR, XRD, TEM and EELS show that two kinds of compounds have been formed in the prepared sample. One is hollow sphere-like C-N with an amorphous, structure; the other is piece-like polycrystalline B-C-N with the hexagonal structure. Their determined compositions are close to C3N and BC2N, respectively.展开更多
High crystallinity of TiOwas prepared by a modified alcohothermal method, in which titanium isopropoxide was used as the titania precursor, absolute ethanol as the reaction medium, and NHHCOas the raw materials for re...High crystallinity of TiOwas prepared by a modified alcohothermal method, in which titanium isopropoxide was used as the titania precursor, absolute ethanol as the reaction medium, and NHHCOas the raw materials for release of water, ammonia and carbon dioxides via in-situ decomposition. The X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） measurements showed that water and ammonia from the in-situ decomposition of NHHCOplayed an important role in conducting the size, shape, crystallinity and microstructure of TiO. The photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements indicated that enhanced crystallinity could hinder the recombination and promote the separation of electron-hole pairs in TiO, which contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic activity.Methyl orange photodegradation under UV light confirmed that high crystallinity of TiOdid present a high photocatalytic activity due to the effective separation of photoinduced charges.展开更多
AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)ternary composites were prepared to form a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and introduce Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst.The as-prepared AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites showed higher ...AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)ternary composites were prepared to form a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and introduce Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst.The as-prepared AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure AgCl and Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for photooxidation of a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative(1,4-DHP)and tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)under visible light irradiation(λ>400 nm).The photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites depended on Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)content,and the catalytic activity of the optimized samples were 6.9 times higher than that of pure AgCl for 1,4-DHP photodehydrogenation and 7.3 times higher than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for TCH photooxidation.The increased photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and the introduction of Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst,which lowered the internal resistance,sped up the charge transfer,and increased the separation efficiency of photogenerated carries.Photogenerated holes and superoxide radical anions were the major active species in the photocatalytic process.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21303088)
文摘V2O3 nanoparticles with high surface area have been successfully prepared by a new solvothermal method without using any surfactant and template. The size of V2O3 nanoparticles is mostly equal to 10 nm-30 nm. The highest surface area of obtained V2O3 nanoparticles reaches 49 m2/g. Several kinds of V2O3 catalysts were prepared by different methods. All these V2O3 catalysts obtained thereby showed high catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization(ODS) reaction by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. The V2O3 catalyst with a highest ODS activity was obtained under the following conditions: The catalyst was prepared upon using V2O5 as the vanadium source, methanol as the solvent, and oxalic acid as the complexing reagent at a V2O5/oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2. The process for ODS of dibenzothiophene was carried out under mild conditions(under atmospheric pressure and at a relatively low temperature). The highest ODS activity of the obtained V2O3 nanoparticles can be attributed to their highest surface area.
基金the AdFutura Scholarship provided by the Slovene Human Resources Development and Scholarship Fund for this workthe Clarendon and Balliol Jowett Scholarships for subsequent funding+1 种基金SCG Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Thailand)SCG Packaging Co. Ltd PLC, for funding
文摘A new solvothermal post-synthesis treatment for preparing high aspect ratio magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxides(Mg Al–LDHs) has been developed. Treating laurate-intercalated Mg Al–LDHs in pure ethanol in an autoclave for 48 h at 150 °C was found to produce delaminated MgA l–LDH nanosheets with a thickness of ~2.6 nm and an aspect ratio of ~105. It is proposed that the high pressure solvothermal process promotes the insertion of ethanol molecules into the LDH interlayer space, thereby facilitating delamination. This new post-synthesis treatment provides the opportunity for a facile, large scale route to highly delaminated high aspect ratio LDHs, which might be of interest towards novel nanomaterials for energy conversion and storage.
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:91534205)
文摘Well-shaped and uniformly dispersed LiFePOnanorods with a length of 400–500 nm and a diameter of about 100 nm, are obtained with participation of a proper amount of anion surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate（SDS） without any further heating as a post-treatment. The surfactant acts as a self-assembling supermolecular template, which stimulated the crystallization of LiFePOand directed the nanoparticles growing into nanorods between bilayers of surfactant（BOS）. LiFePOnanorods with the reducing crystal size along the b axis shorten the diffusion distance of Liextraction/insertion, and thus improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePOnanorods. Such prepared LiFePOnanorods exhibited excellent specific capacity and high rate capability with discharge capacity of 151 mAh/g, 122 mAh/g and 95 mAh/g at 0.1C, 1 C and 5 C, respectively. Such excellent performance of LiFePOnanorods is supposed to be ascribed to the fast Lidiffusion velocity from reduced crystal size along the b axis and the well electrochemical conductivity. The structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HRTEM, charge/discharge tests, and EIS（electrochemical impedance spectra）.
文摘We investigated the effects of using different thicknesses of pure and vanadium-doped thin films of TiO2 as the electron transport layer in the inverted configuration of organic photovoltaic cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） P3HT：[6-6] phenyl-（6） butyric acid methyl ester（PCBM）. 1% vanadium-doped TiO2nanoparticles were synthesized via the solvothermal method. Crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 thin films were studied by different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmittance electron microscopy, and UV–visible transmission spectrum. The doctor blade method which is compatible with roll-2-roll printing was used for deposition of pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 thin films with thicknesses of 30 nm and 60 nm. The final results revealed that the best thickness of TiO2 thin films for our fabricated cells was 30 nm. The cell with vanadium-doped TiO2 thin film showed slightly higher power conversion efficiency and great Jsc of 10.7 mA/cm^2 compared with its pure counterpart. In the cells using 60 nm pure and vanadium-doped TiO2 layers, the cell using the doped layer showed much higher efficiency. It is remarkable that the external quantum efficiency of vanadium-doped TiO2 thin film was better in all wavelengths.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(Grant No.202300410304)Key Research Project for Science and Technology of the Education Department of Henan Province,China(Grant No.21A140021)。
文摘Nanowires have recently attracted more attention because of their low-dimensional structure, tunable optical and electrical properties for next-generation nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Cd S nanowire array, which is(002)-orientation growth and approximately perpendicular to Cd foil substrate, has been fabricated by the solvothermal method. In the temperature-dependent photoluminescence, from short wavelength to long wavelength, four peaks can be ascribed to the emissions from the bandgap, the transition from the holes being bound to the donors or the electrons being bound to the acceptors, the transition from Cd interstitials to Cd vacancies, and the transition from S vacancies to the valence band,respectively. In the photoluminescence of 10 K, the emission originated from the bandgap appears in the form of multiple peaks. Two stronger peaks and five weaker peaks can be observed. The energy differences of the adjacent peaks are close to 38 me V, which is ascribed to the LO phonon energy of Cd S. For the multiple peaks of bandgap emission, from low energy to high energy, the first, second, and third peaks are contributed to the third-order, second-order, and first-order phonon replica of the free exciton A, respectively;the fourth peak is originated from the free exciton A;the fifth peak is contributed to the first-order phonon replica of the excitons bound to neutral donors;the sixth and seventh peaks are originated from the excitons bound to neutral donors and the light polarization parallel to the c axis of hexagonal Cd S, respectively.
基金supported by the National HighTech R&D Program of China (863 program, 2011AA050504)National Natural Science Foundation of China (21171117 and 61376003)+4 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0356)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (13ZR1456600)Shanghai Science and Technology Grant (12JC1405700)Shanghai Pujiang Program (11PJD011)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning, and Medical-Engineering Crossover Fund (YG2012MS40 and YG2012MS32) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), as a new member of carbon nanomaterial family, have aroused great interest since their discovery in 2004. Because of their outstanding water solubility, high sensitivity and selectivity to target analytes, low toxicity, favorable biocompatibility, and excellent photostability, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop the fundamental properties of CDs. Many methods for the production of CDs have been reported, therein, hydrothermal and solvothermal technology needs simple equipments, and microwave synthesis needs less reaction time, hence these methods become current common synthesis methods, in which many precursors have been applied to produce CDs. Due to their excellent fluorescence, CDs have made impressive strides in sensitivity and selectivity to a diverse array of salt ions,organic/biological molecules and target gases. The development of CDs as nanoprobes is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into environmental and biological applications. Hydrothermal,solvothermal, and microwave synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots and their detection applications as nanoprobes in salt ions, organic/biological molecules, and target gases will be reviewed.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.51722207 and 51372131)973 Program of China(nos.2015CB932500 and 2014CB932401)+2 种基金Beijing Nova Program(no.Z161100004916099)the International Collaboration Project of Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(no.20173080001)Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.2015M570092)
文摘Developing high-performance noble metal-free and free-standing catalytic electrodes are crucial for overall water splitting. Here, nickel sulfide（NiS） and nickel selenide（Ni Se） are synthesized on nickel foam（NF） with a one-pot solvothermal method and directly used as free-standing electrodes for efficiently catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） and oxygen evolution reaction（OER） in alkaline solution.In virtue of abundant active sites, the NiS/NF and the NiS e/NF electrodes can deliver a current density of 10 m A cmat only 123 m V, 137 m V for HER and 222 m V, 271 m V for OER. Both of the hierarchical NiS/NF and Ni Se/NF electrodes can serve as anodes and cathodes in electrocatalytic overall watersplitting and can achieve a current density of 10 m A cmwith an applied voltage of.59 V and 1.69 V,respectively. The performance of as-obtained NiS/NF||NiS/NF is even close to that of the noble metalbased Pt/C/NF||IrO/NF system.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.1808085J24)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1808085MB45)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Educational Committee of Anhui Province(No.KJ2018A0671,KJ2018A0387)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21473066,51772118,21603002)。
文摘Ni-based phosphides(NiPx)composed of earth-abundant elements are promising cocatalysts to replace noble metals for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction(HER).A safe,energy-saving,and compositioncontrollable synthesis of NiPx is still highly desired.A facile and mild solvothermal process was developed for the first time for selective synthesis of a series of NiPx,including Ni,Ni12P5,Ni2P/Ni12P5,Ni/Ni2P and Ni2P,through controlling the dosage of NaBH4 and NaH2PO2.The phosphidation process was mainly composed of(1)a sequential reduction of Ni2+to Nj0 and(H2PO2)-to P(around the formed Ni0)triggered by NaBH4,and(2)a final phosphidation between Nj0 and the in situ generated P atoms.The photocatalytic HER performance of g-C3N4 can be substantially improved with the decoration of NiPx(3 wt%)as the separation of photoinduced charge carriers can be promoted and some active sites with low over-potential for HER can be introduced.The cocatalytic efficiency of NiPx is mainly determined by P content.Ni2P with a high ratio of P consequently exhibits the highest HER performance(215.1 umol g-1 h-1),which is almost six times higher than that of the pristine g-C3N4(35.6 umol g-1 h-1).Thus,as for the cocatalyst based on Ni phosphides,Ni2P is the preferable crystal phase and more efforts should be devoted to Ni2P to further optimize its structure,texture,and morphology in future works.
基金the state on behalf of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of the Agreement (No. 14.577.21.0111 (22 September 2014))The unique identifier of the applied research (No. RFMEFI57714X0111)
文摘In this paper we describe a route to produce crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders from serpentinite ore distributed in the Halilovskiy array （Russia, Orenburg region）. An efficient extraction route consisting of treatment on serpentinite in 40% HNO3 at 80 ℃followed by NH4OH titration for Mg（OH）2 precipitation was demonstrated. In this study, crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction method using （Mg（NO3）2·6H2O） which were obtained from serpentinite, NH4OH as a precipitator, and hydroxyethylated nonylphenol as surface-active substance. Microstructure and phase composition of samples were investigated employing scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray phase analysis （XRD）, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy （ICP-OES）. XRD reveals that Mg（OH）2 nanopowder with high purity has the brucite structure. It was found that crystalline Mg（OH）2 nanopowders exclusively consist of lamellar-like structures and the sizes of Mg（OH）2 are 30-265 nm length or width.
基金supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Program,Japan (C,Grant Number 15K05597)Takahashi Industrial and Research Center for Solar Light Energy Conversion,Kyushu Institute of Technology
文摘For the first time,WO_(2.72) nanowires were in-situ grown on carbon cloth by a simple solvothermal reaction.The nanowire WO_(2.72)/carbon cloth(NW WO_(2.72)/CC) electrode showed good electrochemical performance with specific capacitance(C_s) reaching up to 398 F g^(-1) at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The capacitance of 240 F g^(-1) was retained at a high current density of 16 A g^(-1).To further evaluate the energy storage performance,flexible asymmetric supercapacitors(FASC_s) were fabricated using the activated carbon/carbon cloth(AC/CC) as negative electrode and NW WO_(2.72)/CC as positive electrode,respectively.The FASC_s delivered a high energy density of 28 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 745 W kg^(-1) and 13 Wh kg^(-1) even at a high power density of 22.5 k W kg^(-1).More impressively,81% of the specific capacitance of the FASC_s was retained after 10,000 cycles,indicating excellent cycle stability.This work indicates the NW WO_(2.72)/CC holds a great potential for application in energy storage devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21373034)the Specially Hired Professorship-funding of Jiangsu province (No.scz1211400001)+1 种基金the start-up funds from Changzhou University Jiangsu province,Jiangsu key laboratory of advanced catalytic material and technology,Key laboratory of fine petrochemical engineeringPAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Monodisperse Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared solvothermally starting from manganese acetate by using polyether amide block copolymers(Pebax2533) as a template in isopropanol. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the range of 8.7 nm^31.5 nm was decreased with increase of Pebax2533 concentration.The electrochemical properties and application in supercapacitor of Mn3O4 nanoparticles were further studied.The results showed that smaller nanoparticles had a larger capacitance. The higher capacitance of 217.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g was obtained on 8.7 nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles. The specific capacitance retention of 82% was maintained after 500 times of continuous charge-discharge cycles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51602103)the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (51725201)+4 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2017QNRC001)Shanghai Pujiang Program (18PJD009)“Chen Guang” Project supported by Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation (15CG26)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (222201718002)the Major Research plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China (91534202)
文摘Organometal halide perovskites have recently emerged with a huge potential for photovoltaic applications. Moreover, preparation of high-quality perovskite crystals with controlled morphology is of great significance for the fundamental studies such as optical and electrical properties, as well as the applications. Here, we report a one-pot solvothermal process to synthesize sheet-shaped CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals with the lateral size of 100 μm and the thickness of 3–8 μm. Furthermore, a controlled etching behavior on the crystalline surface was demonstrated, which could be the irregular collapse of the crystalline surface caused by the local accumulation of methylammonium cations. Using this technique,CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystal sheets could be used in the various optoelectronic devices, such as nanolaser,optical sensors, photodetectors and field effect transistors.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 50225207, 10325417, 50372055, 50472051 and 50532020, and the National Basic Research Programme of China under Grant No 2005CB724400.
文摘A chemical reaction for the preparation of B-C-N compounds by using carbon tetrachloride （CC14）, boron tribromide （BBr3）, lithium nitride （Li3N） and sodium as reactants has been carried out at the temperature of 400℃. Measurements of FTIR, XRD, TEM and EELS show that two kinds of compounds have been formed in the prepared sample. One is hollow sphere-like C-N with an amorphous, structure; the other is piece-like polycrystalline B-C-N with the hexagonal structure. Their determined compositions are close to C3N and BC2N, respectively.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21163008,No.21366020)Jiangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for in vitro diagnostic reagents and instruments,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20114BAB203009)+1 种基金Scientific & Technological Project of Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University(No.2013ZDPYJD01,No.2015CXTD003)Graduate Innovation Foundation of Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University(No.YC2014-X2)
文摘High crystallinity of TiOwas prepared by a modified alcohothermal method, in which titanium isopropoxide was used as the titania precursor, absolute ethanol as the reaction medium, and NHHCOas the raw materials for release of water, ammonia and carbon dioxides via in-situ decomposition. The X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） measurements showed that water and ammonia from the in-situ decomposition of NHHCOplayed an important role in conducting the size, shape, crystallinity and microstructure of TiO. The photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent measurements indicated that enhanced crystallinity could hinder the recombination and promote the separation of electron-hole pairs in TiO, which contribute to the improvement of photocatalytic activity.Methyl orange photodegradation under UV light confirmed that high crystallinity of TiOdid present a high photocatalytic activity due to the effective separation of photoinduced charges.
基金This work was supported by the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry of Sichuan Institutes of Higher Education(LZJ2002)the Open Project of Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(CSPC2016-3-2).
文摘AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)ternary composites were prepared to form a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and introduce Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst.The as-prepared AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure AgCl and Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for photooxidation of a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative(1,4-DHP)and tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)under visible light irradiation(λ>400 nm).The photocatalytic activity of AgCl/Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)composites depended on Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)content,and the catalytic activity of the optimized samples were 6.9 times higher than that of pure AgCl for 1,4-DHP photodehydrogenation and 7.3 times higher than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)@TiO_(2)for TCH photooxidation.The increased photocatalytic activity was due to the formation of a heterojunction structure between AgCl and TiO_(2)and the introduction of Ti3C2 as a cocatalyst,which lowered the internal resistance,sped up the charge transfer,and increased the separation efficiency of photogenerated carries.Photogenerated holes and superoxide radical anions were the major active species in the photocatalytic process.
