An experimental platform of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) was established to study the effect of different K_2 CO_3 ionized seed mass contents on the detonation process.The pressure and ion concentration were detecte...An experimental platform of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) was established to study the effect of different K_2 CO_3 ionized seed mass contents on the detonation process.The pressure and ion concentration were detected in the detonation process of the PDE with different contents of ionized seeds.The initiation process of the PDE at different ignition frequencies was studied.The results show that the gas conductivity in the detonation process increased by adding ionized seeds to the PDE tube,and the conductivity increased with the increase in ionized seed mass content.With the increase in ionized seed mass content,the range of the conductivity decreased.The PDE was successfully ignited and formed a stable detonation wave at ignition frequencies of 5 Hz and 10 Hz,and the peak pressure of the stable detonation with the ignition frequency of 5 Hz was 17% higher than that with an ignition frequency of 10 Hz.The detonation wave intensity was weake ned and dege nerated to a shock wave that propagated in the tube without the fuel filled at the ignition frequency of 20 Hz.展开更多
A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ...A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).展开更多
In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ul...In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ultrasonic time,and 50℃of ultrasonic temperature.Five types of enzyme,Cellulase,Viscozyme L,Alcalase 2.4L,Protex 6L,and Protex 7L,were evaluated for their effectiveness in releasing oil from ultrasonic pretreated perilla seeds.The highest oil yield of 81.74%was observed in cellulase treated perilla seed samples.The physicochemical properties of the control,hexane,and enzyme extracted perilla seed oils were compared.No significant(P>0.05)differences were observed in iodine value,refractive index,unsaponifiable matter,saponification value,peroxide value,and acid value.展开更多
In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developi...In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developing seeds. The objective of this study was to provide the changes of various fatty acid accumulations in seed oil obtained from the seeds of three pumpkin varieties belonging to the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo. Unsaturated acids(oleic and linoleic) were dominant in various fatty acids, which constituted 38.9%-49.1% and 29.4%-42.7% of the total fatty acids at seed maturity for three pumpkin varieties, respectively, while other fatty acid concentrations except for palmitic acid all did not reach 10%. Different varieties exhibited greater effect on various fatty acid contents and the total fatty acid contents in the seeds of pumpkin rather than the species. On the whole, palmitic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all followed the fluctuant decrease during all the stages of seed development, but palmitoleic acid and the total fatty acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties were just the opposite. Stearic, oleic and linoleic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all experienced the third pattern that fluctuated during all the stages of seed development, but no significant differences in these three fatty acid concentrations were found from the beginning to the end. Linolenic acid concentrations of three varieties were on the decline and ultimately close to zero. Myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil followed different trends in three varieties. Among them, myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil of Yinhui-1 fluctuated downward all the time until seed maturity, but those of 0238-1 and Jinhui-2 completely changed oppositely.展开更多
Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its ...Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its seedlings to acifluorfen sodium can provide a basis for further researches on its resistance mechanism. Using newly harvested and stored A. retroflexus L. seeds for one year as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of HCl, NaOH, water temperature, gibberellic acid(GA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on the dormancy and germination of A. retroflexus L. seeds were studied. The sensitivity of A. retroflexus L.to acifluorfen sodium was determined using bioassay. The effects on leaf chlorophyll content and target enzyme activity were studied at a normal dosage of 360 g a.i. hm^(-2) and a doubling dosage of 720 g a.i. hm^(-2) of acifluorfen sodium. Newly harvested seeds exhibiting dormancy were soaked in water of various temperatures and in different concentrations of NaOH and HCl, which were ineffective in breaking the seed dormancy. GA could break seed dormancy, and the highest seed germination rate reached 93.33% when they were soaked at 3 000 mg·L^(-1) for 72 h and 4 000 mg·L^(-1) for 48 h. The drought stress was simulated with a 15%-25% polyethylene glycol solution, which had no significant effect on the seed germination rate. The GR_(50) value of acifluorfen sodium for A. retroflexus L. was 705.7 g a.i. hm^(-2), which was 1.96 times the recommended dose in the field. After the application of different doses of acifluorfen sodium, the chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus L. reached its minimum value 3 days after treatment(DAT), and then gradually increased. The activity of the target enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase(PPO) reached the highest value at 7 DAT under different dosages, and gradually returned to normal levels thereafter. Soaking with gibberellin was an effective method to break seed dormancy. A. retroflexus L. seeds had certain drought resistance during the germination process. A. retroflexus L. was not sensitive to acifluorfen sodium and acifluorfen sodium ether, and could not effectively inhibit the PPO activity, indicating that A. retroflexus L. had target resistance to acifluorfen sodium.展开更多
The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and the change of enzyme activity in sceds of Sophora japonica during germination were studied by methods of Soxhlet's extraction, flow injection and colorimctric...The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and the change of enzyme activity in sceds of Sophora japonica during germination were studied by methods of Soxhlet's extraction, flow injection and colorimctric analysis of speetrophotometer for providing theoretical basis for germination and storage of seeds of forest trees. The results arc as follows:(1)The activity of enzymes in the seeds does not always coincide with the increase or deercase of their corresponding substances during germination of the seeds of Sophora japonica.(2)Proteins were first utilized during germination of the seeds.(3)The fatty acids reducing sugar and amino acids in the radiele+plumular axis were used pseedcntly over all others when the embryos grew.(4)excessive small-molecular substances produced by hydrolysis would accumulate in tissres and sometimes they were stored temporarily in the form of storage substances and finally used for embryo growth.展开更多
The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which ...The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which may be attributed to the fact that small starch particles increase the filling capacity within the dough matrix.This increase subsequently resulted in more complete and uniform structure of dough.Moreover,setback viscosity rose to 1095 cP.The rapid water absorption of coix seed starch led to changes in the secondary structure of proteins in dough.The proportion ofβ-sheet markedly increased,whereas the proportion ofα-helix decreased with increasing level of coix seed flour substitution.Meanwhile,coix seed flour substitution significantly reduced the estimated glycemic index of noodles.Correlation analysis revealed that pasting parameters had significant effects on the evaluation of noodle quality.This study provides a foundation for researchers to substitute wheat flour with coix seed flour.展开更多
【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact ...【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact of this soaking method on the fungal and bacterial community structures using next-generation sequencing technology(NGS).【Methods】Lily bulbs were soaked in a seed treating agent containing beneficial microbes(SP treatment)for 4 hours.Subsequently,they were planted in soil in July and sampled in September to assess plant growth,rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties,and microorganism community structures.In addition,we employed the software PICRUSt and FUNGuild to predict bacterial pathways and fungal functions.【Results】Under SP treatment,there were significant alterations in fungi and bacteria community structures,accompanied by improved soil nutrient status.Notably,the relative abundance of dominant microorganism groups,such as the fungi Basidiomycota,Pseudeurotium,Cladophialophora,Microascus,and Dactylonectria,as well as the bacteria Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Ochrobactrium,Lysobacter,and RB41,underwent notable changes.Microorganism function prediction results indicated a reduction in pathotrophic fungi(including plant pathogens)and an increase in endophytic and saprotrophic fungi under SP treatment.Among the top 20 metabolism pathways,80%were upregulated in SP treatment compared to the CK.【Conclusions】Seed soaking with beneficial microbial strain promotes the growth of Lanzhou lily bulbs.The beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial structures,enhancing the accumulation of endophytic fungi,reducing the abundance of pathogens,and improving soil functions.Furthermore,specific microbial groups are found to be involved in maintaining soil health.展开更多
Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular...Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.展开更多
Background Cotton is a significant crop for fiber production;however,seed shape-related traits have been less investigated in comparison to fiber quality.Comprehending the genetic foundation of traits associated with ...Background Cotton is a significant crop for fiber production;however,seed shape-related traits have been less investigated in comparison to fiber quality.Comprehending the genetic foundation of traits associated with seed shape is crucial for improving the seed and fiber quality in cotton.Results A total of 238 cotton accessions were evaluated in four different environments over a period of two years.Traits including thousand grain weight(TGW),aspect ratio(AR),seed length,seed width,diameter,and roundness demonstrated high heritability and significant genetic variation,as indicated by phenotypic analysis.The association analysis involved 145 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers and identified 50 loci significantly associated with six traits related to seed shape.The markers MON_DPL0504aa and BNL2535ba were identified as influencing multiple traits,including aspect ratio and thousand grain weight.Notably,markers such as HAU2588a and MUSS422aa had considerable influence on seed diameter and roundness.The identified markers represented an average phenotypic variance between 3.92%for seed length and 16.54%for TGW.Conclusions The research finds key loci for seed shape-related traits in cotton,providing significant potential for marker-assisted breeding.These findings establish a framework for breeding initiatives focused on enhancing seed quality,hence advancing the cotton production.展开更多
Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertili...Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.展开更多
Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the...Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil utilizing this species.The findings indicated that the germination energy,germination percentage and germination index under 10 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were significantly elevated compared to the CK group(P<0.05),with a remarkable germination percentage reaching 97%.Conversely,the germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and fresh weight under 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were substantially lower than those of the CK group(P<0.05).At 100 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment,the radicle length of Trifolium repens L.was significantly higher than that of the CK group,whereas the 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment resulted in a notable reduction in seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,and vigor index compared to the CK group(P<0.05).Under Hg and Pb stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)initially increased before declining,while catalase(CAT)activity rose with increasing heavy metal concentrations.Ultrastructure observations of the radicle revealed that 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg inflicted considerable damage to the radicle of Trifolium repens L.,and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb also harmed root cells,resulting in the dissolution of nucleoli within the nuclear membrane.The results demonstrated that low concentrations of heavy metal also promoted the germination of Trifolium repens L.,while both 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb significantly inhibited its germination.展开更多
Background Zinc(Zn),being the most deficient micronutrient,can largely limit plant growth and development on alkaline calcareous soil.Crop species and varieties within species differently require Zn for optimum produc...Background Zinc(Zn),being the most deficient micronutrient,can largely limit plant growth and development on alkaline calcareous soil.Crop species and varieties within species differently require Zn for optimum productivity.The current study aimed to optimize Zn level and mode of application for better growth,yield,and fiber quality of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).The experimental plan comprised a control group with no Zn application,three Zn levels through soil application,i.e.5 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn5),10 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn10),and 15 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn15),two levels of foliar application including 0.5%(FZn0.5)and 1%(FZn1)Zn solution,and various combinations of soil plus foliar application.Two cotton cultivars,CIM-663(Bt)and Cyto-124(non-Bt)were used,and each treatment was replicated thrice.Results Zinc nutrition caused a significant(P≤0.05)improvement in growth,yield,physiological,and fiber quality characteristics of both cotton cultivars.All levels and modes of Zn application were found effective in improving cotton productivity on alkaline calcareous soil.However,integrated soil application and foliar spray showed superiority over sole soil or foliar application.Among different treatments,SZn15+FZn1 caused the highest improvement in most of the observed growth and yield traits.The said treatment maximally increased the leaf Zn concentration by 270.5%and 218.4%with a subsequent increase in plant height 23.2%and 28.0%,monopodial branches 40.7%and 42.1%,sympodial branches 37.2%and 35.2%,seed cotton yield 32.5%and 36.6%,and lint yield 30.0%and 34.6%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,compared with the control.SZn15+FZn1 also caused the highest increase in relative water contents 32.6%and 22.4%,chlorophyll contents 92.0%and 67.1%,and stomatal conductance 112.8%and 100.8%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,compared with the control.Among the fiber quality characteristics,fiber fineness was maximally improved by 19.7%and 15.9%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,with SZn15+FZn1 compared with the control.Leaf Zn concentration was positively correlated with fiber length(R2=0.7173),fiber strength(R2=0.5483),and fiber fineness(R2=0.6379)of both cotton cultivars grown with different levels and application modes of Zn.The benefit-cost ratio was remarkably improved with Zn nutrition,and the highest value of 1.64 was found in CIM-663 at SZn10+FZn1 and SZn15+FZn1.Conclusion The plant growth,physiological,yield,and fiber quality characteristics of cotton cultivars were significantly improved with Zn supply at different levels and modes of application.SZn15+FZN1 could be recommended to get optimum seed cotton yield and fiber quality of cotton on alkaline calcareous soil.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11802039,No.51605046)the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China(No.BK20160406)。
文摘An experimental platform of a pulse detonation engine(PDE) was established to study the effect of different K_2 CO_3 ionized seed mass contents on the detonation process.The pressure and ion concentration were detected in the detonation process of the PDE with different contents of ionized seeds.The initiation process of the PDE at different ignition frequencies was studied.The results show that the gas conductivity in the detonation process increased by adding ionized seeds to the PDE tube,and the conductivity increased with the increase in ionized seed mass content.With the increase in ionized seed mass content,the range of the conductivity decreased.The PDE was successfully ignited and formed a stable detonation wave at ignition frequencies of 5 Hz and 10 Hz,and the peak pressure of the stable detonation with the ignition frequency of 5 Hz was 17% higher than that with an ignition frequency of 10 Hz.The detonation wave intensity was weake ned and dege nerated to a shock wave that propagated in the tube without the fuel filled at the ignition frequency of 20 Hz.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(research grant number 2012M510912)the Ministry of Agriculture of Modern Technology System Projects the Soybean Industry(research grant number nycytx-004)the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology and the Northeast Agricultural University for funding this work
文摘A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).
基金the support for this work by the National Hightech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(research grant number 2013AA102104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(research grant number 31071493)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(research grant number 2012M511433)the Northeast Agricultural University,and the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology
文摘In the present study the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment and the types of enzyme on oil yield were investigated.The optimum ultrasonic pretreatment parameters were found to be 250 W of ultrasonic power,30 min of ultrasonic time,and 50℃of ultrasonic temperature.Five types of enzyme,Cellulase,Viscozyme L,Alcalase 2.4L,Protex 6L,and Protex 7L,were evaluated for their effectiveness in releasing oil from ultrasonic pretreated perilla seeds.The highest oil yield of 81.74%was observed in cellulase treated perilla seed samples.The physicochemical properties of the control,hexane,and enzyme extracted perilla seed oils were compared.No significant(P>0.05)differences were observed in iodine value,refractive index,unsaponifiable matter,saponification value,peroxide value,and acid value.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Industry(Agricultural)Research Special Foundation of Agricultural Ministry of China(201303112)
文摘In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developing seeds. The objective of this study was to provide the changes of various fatty acid accumulations in seed oil obtained from the seeds of three pumpkin varieties belonging to the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo. Unsaturated acids(oleic and linoleic) were dominant in various fatty acids, which constituted 38.9%-49.1% and 29.4%-42.7% of the total fatty acids at seed maturity for three pumpkin varieties, respectively, while other fatty acid concentrations except for palmitic acid all did not reach 10%. Different varieties exhibited greater effect on various fatty acid contents and the total fatty acid contents in the seeds of pumpkin rather than the species. On the whole, palmitic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all followed the fluctuant decrease during all the stages of seed development, but palmitoleic acid and the total fatty acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties were just the opposite. Stearic, oleic and linoleic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all experienced the third pattern that fluctuated during all the stages of seed development, but no significant differences in these three fatty acid concentrations were found from the beginning to the end. Linolenic acid concentrations of three varieties were on the decline and ultimately close to zero. Myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil followed different trends in three varieties. Among them, myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil of Yinhui-1 fluctuated downward all the time until seed maturity, but those of 0238-1 and Jinhui-2 completely changed oppositely.
基金Supported by the National Major Special Project for the Cultivation of New Genetically Modified Biological Varieties(Topic ZX08011-003)。
文摘Amaranthus retroflexus L. is a serious and widespread malignant weed in soybean fields in Heilongjiang Province. Exploring the dormancy characteristics of A. retroflexus L. seeds and the physiological response of its seedlings to acifluorfen sodium can provide a basis for further researches on its resistance mechanism. Using newly harvested and stored A. retroflexus L. seeds for one year as experimental materials, the effects of different concentrations of HCl, NaOH, water temperature, gibberellic acid(GA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) on the dormancy and germination of A. retroflexus L. seeds were studied. The sensitivity of A. retroflexus L.to acifluorfen sodium was determined using bioassay. The effects on leaf chlorophyll content and target enzyme activity were studied at a normal dosage of 360 g a.i. hm^(-2) and a doubling dosage of 720 g a.i. hm^(-2) of acifluorfen sodium. Newly harvested seeds exhibiting dormancy were soaked in water of various temperatures and in different concentrations of NaOH and HCl, which were ineffective in breaking the seed dormancy. GA could break seed dormancy, and the highest seed germination rate reached 93.33% when they were soaked at 3 000 mg·L^(-1) for 72 h and 4 000 mg·L^(-1) for 48 h. The drought stress was simulated with a 15%-25% polyethylene glycol solution, which had no significant effect on the seed germination rate. The GR_(50) value of acifluorfen sodium for A. retroflexus L. was 705.7 g a.i. hm^(-2), which was 1.96 times the recommended dose in the field. After the application of different doses of acifluorfen sodium, the chlorophyll content of A. retroflexus L. reached its minimum value 3 days after treatment(DAT), and then gradually increased. The activity of the target enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase(PPO) reached the highest value at 7 DAT under different dosages, and gradually returned to normal levels thereafter. Soaking with gibberellin was an effective method to break seed dormancy. A. retroflexus L. seeds had certain drought resistance during the germination process. A. retroflexus L. was not sensitive to acifluorfen sodium and acifluorfen sodium ether, and could not effectively inhibit the PPO activity, indicating that A. retroflexus L. had target resistance to acifluorfen sodium.
文摘The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and the change of enzyme activity in sceds of Sophora japonica during germination were studied by methods of Soxhlet's extraction, flow injection and colorimctric analysis of speetrophotometer for providing theoretical basis for germination and storage of seeds of forest trees. The results arc as follows:(1)The activity of enzymes in the seeds does not always coincide with the increase or deercase of their corresponding substances during germination of the seeds of Sophora japonica.(2)Proteins were first utilized during germination of the seeds.(3)The fatty acids reducing sugar and amino acids in the radiele+plumular axis were used pseedcntly over all others when the embryos grew.(4)excessive small-molecular substances produced by hydrolysis would accumulate in tissres and sometimes they were stored temporarily in the form of storage substances and finally used for embryo growth.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.60702033 60772076 (国家自然科学基金)+3 种基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2007AA01Z171 (国家高技术研究发展计划(863)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.JC200611 (黑龙江省杰出青年科学基金)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.ZJG0705 (黑龙江省自然科学重点基金)the Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology of China under Grant No.HIT.2003.53 (哈尔滨工业大学校基金)
文摘The effect of coix seed flour(0%–25%)on the rheological and structural properties of wheat dough and noodle quality was investigated.The addition of coix seed flour was found to enhance the elasticity of dough,which may be attributed to the fact that small starch particles increase the filling capacity within the dough matrix.This increase subsequently resulted in more complete and uniform structure of dough.Moreover,setback viscosity rose to 1095 cP.The rapid water absorption of coix seed starch led to changes in the secondary structure of proteins in dough.The proportion ofβ-sheet markedly increased,whereas the proportion ofα-helix decreased with increasing level of coix seed flour substitution.Meanwhile,coix seed flour substitution significantly reduced the estimated glycemic index of noodles.Correlation analysis revealed that pasting parameters had significant effects on the evaluation of noodle quality.This study provides a foundation for researchers to substitute wheat flour with coix seed flour.
文摘【Background】The application of beneficial-microbial seed soaking prior to sowing represents a novel technology that has not been employed in Lanzhou lily cultivation.We conducted an experiment to explore the impact of this soaking method on the fungal and bacterial community structures using next-generation sequencing technology(NGS).【Methods】Lily bulbs were soaked in a seed treating agent containing beneficial microbes(SP treatment)for 4 hours.Subsequently,they were planted in soil in July and sampled in September to assess plant growth,rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties,and microorganism community structures.In addition,we employed the software PICRUSt and FUNGuild to predict bacterial pathways and fungal functions.【Results】Under SP treatment,there were significant alterations in fungi and bacteria community structures,accompanied by improved soil nutrient status.Notably,the relative abundance of dominant microorganism groups,such as the fungi Basidiomycota,Pseudeurotium,Cladophialophora,Microascus,and Dactylonectria,as well as the bacteria Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Ochrobactrium,Lysobacter,and RB41,underwent notable changes.Microorganism function prediction results indicated a reduction in pathotrophic fungi(including plant pathogens)and an increase in endophytic and saprotrophic fungi under SP treatment.Among the top 20 metabolism pathways,80%were upregulated in SP treatment compared to the CK.【Conclusions】Seed soaking with beneficial microbial strain promotes the growth of Lanzhou lily bulbs.The beneficial microorganisms play a crucial role in regulating soil microbial structures,enhancing the accumulation of endophytic fungi,reducing the abundance of pathogens,and improving soil functions.Furthermore,specific microbial groups are found to be involved in maintaining soil health.
基金the Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Agriculture Higher Education Program(No.A4/003026/2023)to carry out this work during the international faculty training program at Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,under the Institution Development Plan.
文摘Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.
基金supported by the Fund for BTNYGG(NYHXGG,2023AA102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260510)+3 种基金the Key Project for Science,Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)Shihezi University high-level talent research project(RCZK202337)Science and Technology Major Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region(2022A03004-1)the Key Programs for Science and Technology Development in Agricultural Field of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps。
文摘Background Cotton is a significant crop for fiber production;however,seed shape-related traits have been less investigated in comparison to fiber quality.Comprehending the genetic foundation of traits associated with seed shape is crucial for improving the seed and fiber quality in cotton.Results A total of 238 cotton accessions were evaluated in four different environments over a period of two years.Traits including thousand grain weight(TGW),aspect ratio(AR),seed length,seed width,diameter,and roundness demonstrated high heritability and significant genetic variation,as indicated by phenotypic analysis.The association analysis involved 145 simple sequence repeats(SSR)markers and identified 50 loci significantly associated with six traits related to seed shape.The markers MON_DPL0504aa and BNL2535ba were identified as influencing multiple traits,including aspect ratio and thousand grain weight.Notably,markers such as HAU2588a and MUSS422aa had considerable influence on seed diameter and roundness.The identified markers represented an average phenotypic variance between 3.92%for seed length and 16.54%for TGW.Conclusions The research finds key loci for seed shape-related traits in cotton,providing significant potential for marker-assisted breeding.These findings establish a framework for breeding initiatives focused on enhancing seed quality,hence advancing the cotton production.
基金supported by the Benin Cotton Research Institute (IRC)the Cotton Interprofessional Association (AIC)+1 种基金the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)the TAZCO_(2) project (Transition Agroécologique des Zones Cotonnières du Bénin),which is funded by the Republic of Benin and the French Development Agency (AFD)。
文摘Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.
基金Supported by the National Grass Industry Technology Innovation Center,Major Innovation Platform Construction Project(Topic CCPTZX2023N04CCPTZX2024GJ01–1–2)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200302)the Joint Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZL2024C018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471760)。
文摘Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil utilizing this species.The findings indicated that the germination energy,germination percentage and germination index under 10 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were significantly elevated compared to the CK group(P<0.05),with a remarkable germination percentage reaching 97%.Conversely,the germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and fresh weight under 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were substantially lower than those of the CK group(P<0.05).At 100 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment,the radicle length of Trifolium repens L.was significantly higher than that of the CK group,whereas the 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment resulted in a notable reduction in seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,and vigor index compared to the CK group(P<0.05).Under Hg and Pb stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)initially increased before declining,while catalase(CAT)activity rose with increasing heavy metal concentrations.Ultrastructure observations of the radicle revealed that 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg inflicted considerable damage to the radicle of Trifolium repens L.,and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb also harmed root cells,resulting in the dissolution of nucleoli within the nuclear membrane.The results demonstrated that low concentrations of heavy metal also promoted the germination of Trifolium repens L.,while both 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb significantly inhibited its germination.
文摘Background Zinc(Zn),being the most deficient micronutrient,can largely limit plant growth and development on alkaline calcareous soil.Crop species and varieties within species differently require Zn for optimum productivity.The current study aimed to optimize Zn level and mode of application for better growth,yield,and fiber quality of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).The experimental plan comprised a control group with no Zn application,three Zn levels through soil application,i.e.5 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn5),10 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn10),and 15 mg·kg^(-1)(SZn15),two levels of foliar application including 0.5%(FZn0.5)and 1%(FZn1)Zn solution,and various combinations of soil plus foliar application.Two cotton cultivars,CIM-663(Bt)and Cyto-124(non-Bt)were used,and each treatment was replicated thrice.Results Zinc nutrition caused a significant(P≤0.05)improvement in growth,yield,physiological,and fiber quality characteristics of both cotton cultivars.All levels and modes of Zn application were found effective in improving cotton productivity on alkaline calcareous soil.However,integrated soil application and foliar spray showed superiority over sole soil or foliar application.Among different treatments,SZn15+FZn1 caused the highest improvement in most of the observed growth and yield traits.The said treatment maximally increased the leaf Zn concentration by 270.5%and 218.4%with a subsequent increase in plant height 23.2%and 28.0%,monopodial branches 40.7%and 42.1%,sympodial branches 37.2%and 35.2%,seed cotton yield 32.5%and 36.6%,and lint yield 30.0%and 34.6%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,compared with the control.SZn15+FZn1 also caused the highest increase in relative water contents 32.6%and 22.4%,chlorophyll contents 92.0%and 67.1%,and stomatal conductance 112.8%and 100.8%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,compared with the control.Among the fiber quality characteristics,fiber fineness was maximally improved by 19.7%and 15.9%in CIM-663 and Cyto-124,respectively,with SZn15+FZn1 compared with the control.Leaf Zn concentration was positively correlated with fiber length(R2=0.7173),fiber strength(R2=0.5483),and fiber fineness(R2=0.6379)of both cotton cultivars grown with different levels and application modes of Zn.The benefit-cost ratio was remarkably improved with Zn nutrition,and the highest value of 1.64 was found in CIM-663 at SZn10+FZn1 and SZn15+FZn1.Conclusion The plant growth,physiological,yield,and fiber quality characteristics of cotton cultivars were significantly improved with Zn supply at different levels and modes of application.SZn15+FZN1 could be recommended to get optimum seed cotton yield and fiber quality of cotton on alkaline calcareous soil.
