By simplifying catalyst-product separation and reducing phosphorus waste,heterogeneous hydroformylation offers a more sustainable alternative to homogeneous processes.However,heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts d...By simplifying catalyst-product separation and reducing phosphorus waste,heterogeneous hydroformylation offers a more sustainable alternative to homogeneous processes.However,heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts developed thus far still suffer from the issues of much lower activity and metal leaching,which severely hinder their practical application.Here,we demonstrate that incorporating phosphorus(P)atoms into graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)supports facilitates charge transfer from Rh to the PCN support,thus largely enhancing electronic metal-support interac-tions(EMSIs).In the styrene hydroformylation reaction,the activity of Rh_(1)/PCN single-atom catalysts(SACs)with vary-ing P contents exhibited a volcano-shaped relationship with P doping,where the Rh_(1)/PCN SAC with optimal P doping showed exceptional activity,approximately 5.8-and 3.3-fold greater than that of the Rh_(1)/g-C_(3)N_(4)SAC without P doping and the industrial homogeneous catalyst HRh(CO)(PPh_(3))_(3),respectively.In addition,the optimal Rh_(1)/PCN SAC catalyst also demonstrated largely enhanced multicycle stability without any visible metal aggregation owing to the increased EMSIs,which sharply differed from the severe metal aggregation of large nanoparticles on the Rh_(1)/g-C_(3)N_(4)SAC.Mechan-istic studies revealed that the enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to electron-deficient Rh species,which reduced CO adsorption while simultaneously promoting alkene adsorption through increased EMSIs.These findings suggest that tuning EMSIs is an effective way to achieve SACs with high activity and durability.展开更多
目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh1对糖尿病(DM)小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:应用高脂高糖饲养佐以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)法制备糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)模型。将48只C57/BL6成模小鼠随机分为模型组、核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)...目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh1对糖尿病(DM)小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:应用高脂高糖饲养佐以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)法制备糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)模型。将48只C57/BL6成模小鼠随机分为模型组、核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)抑制剂ML385组(ML385组)(30 mg·kg^(-1)ML385)、人参皂苷Rh1组(G-Rh1组)(30 mg·kg^(-1)人参皂苷Rh1)和G-Rh1+ML385组(30 mg·kg^(-1)人参皂苷Rh1+30 mg·kg^(-1)ML385),每组12只,另外12只C57/BL6小鼠作为对照组。作用8周后,全自动分析仪检测各组小鼠血清中空腹血糖(FBG)、尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr)水平及尿液中24 h尿蛋白(24 h UP)水平,并计算肾脏指数。试剂盒检测各组小鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及丙二醛(MDA)水平,Western blotting法检测各组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显升高(P<0.01),G-Rh1组小鼠血清中FBG水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠肾脏指数明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠血清中BUN水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显降低(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性均明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05),MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显升高(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显降低(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rh1可降低氧化应激,改善肾功能,对DM小鼠肾脏损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。展开更多
Rh血型系统是输血医学中重要的常规检测血型系统,因RhD血型不合引起的溶血性输血反应及新生儿溶血病一直以来倍受临床重视。本研究报道了2例罕见的RHD基因变异型RHD*DEL37个体的血清学和基因特征,这2例个体的血液样本经血清学方法(试管...Rh血型系统是输血医学中重要的常规检测血型系统,因RhD血型不合引起的溶血性输血反应及新生儿溶血病一直以来倍受临床重视。本研究报道了2例罕见的RHD基因变异型RHD*DEL37个体的血清学和基因特征,这2例个体的血液样本经血清学方法(试管法和微柱凝胶法)鉴定为RhD阴性。采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific prime,PCR-SSP)对样本进行RHD基因分型和合子型分析,基因分型结果为RHD基因阳性,并排除了常见的几种RHD基因变异体的可能。RHD基因合子型检测阳性,证明其中一条RHD等位基因1~10外显子全部缺失。进一步对样本RHD基因1~10外显子基因进行Sanger法测序,测序结果显示在另一条等位基因第8内含子上的第1154-31号碱基发生了T>C突变,国际输血协会(International Society of Blood Transfusion,ISBT)将该突变等位基因命名为RHD*DEL37,表型为RhD放散型(D-elute,Del)。本研究中,2例血清学初筛RhD阴性的样本通过分子生物学检测,其基因型为RHD*DEL37/RHD-(RHD*01N.01)。由于这2例个体无血缘关系,提示我国可能存在携带该基因突变的人群。本研究提示分子生物学方法可辅助鉴别血清学初筛为阴性的RhD变异体样本,联用分子生物学方法和血清学方法在准确鉴定血型、保障患者输血安全方面有重要意义。展开更多
基金supported by the Petrochemical Research Institute Foundation(21-CB-09-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302186,22025205)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M713030,2023T160618)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060000058,WK2060000038).
文摘By simplifying catalyst-product separation and reducing phosphorus waste,heterogeneous hydroformylation offers a more sustainable alternative to homogeneous processes.However,heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts developed thus far still suffer from the issues of much lower activity and metal leaching,which severely hinder their practical application.Here,we demonstrate that incorporating phosphorus(P)atoms into graphitic carbon nitride(PCN)supports facilitates charge transfer from Rh to the PCN support,thus largely enhancing electronic metal-support interac-tions(EMSIs).In the styrene hydroformylation reaction,the activity of Rh_(1)/PCN single-atom catalysts(SACs)with vary-ing P contents exhibited a volcano-shaped relationship with P doping,where the Rh_(1)/PCN SAC with optimal P doping showed exceptional activity,approximately 5.8-and 3.3-fold greater than that of the Rh_(1)/g-C_(3)N_(4)SAC without P doping and the industrial homogeneous catalyst HRh(CO)(PPh_(3))_(3),respectively.In addition,the optimal Rh_(1)/PCN SAC catalyst also demonstrated largely enhanced multicycle stability without any visible metal aggregation owing to the increased EMSIs,which sharply differed from the severe metal aggregation of large nanoparticles on the Rh_(1)/g-C_(3)N_(4)SAC.Mechan-istic studies revealed that the enhanced catalytic performance could be attributed to electron-deficient Rh species,which reduced CO adsorption while simultaneously promoting alkene adsorption through increased EMSIs.These findings suggest that tuning EMSIs is an effective way to achieve SACs with high activity and durability.
文摘目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh1对糖尿病(DM)小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:应用高脂高糖饲养佐以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)法制备糖尿病肾脏疾病(DKD)模型。将48只C57/BL6成模小鼠随机分为模型组、核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)抑制剂ML385组(ML385组)(30 mg·kg^(-1)ML385)、人参皂苷Rh1组(G-Rh1组)(30 mg·kg^(-1)人参皂苷Rh1)和G-Rh1+ML385组(30 mg·kg^(-1)人参皂苷Rh1+30 mg·kg^(-1)ML385),每组12只,另外12只C57/BL6小鼠作为对照组。作用8周后,全自动分析仪检测各组小鼠血清中空腹血糖(FBG)、尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(Scr)水平及尿液中24 h尿蛋白(24 h UP)水平,并计算肾脏指数。试剂盒检测各组小鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及丙二醛(MDA)水平,Western blotting法检测各组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和血红素加氧酶1(HO-1)蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显升高(P<0.01),G-Rh1组小鼠血清中FBG水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠肾脏指数明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠FBG水平和肾脏指数均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠血清中BUN水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显降低(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠血清中BUN和Scr水平及尿液中24 h UP水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性均明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05),MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显升高(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显降低(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显降低(P<0.01),MDA水平和LDH活性均明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,模型组、ML385组、G-Rh1组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与模型组比较,ML385组和G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05),G-Rh1组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01);与G-Rh1组比较,G-Rh1+ML385组小鼠肾组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rh1可降低氧化应激,改善肾功能,对DM小鼠肾脏损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路有关。
文摘Rh血型系统是输血医学中重要的常规检测血型系统,因RhD血型不合引起的溶血性输血反应及新生儿溶血病一直以来倍受临床重视。本研究报道了2例罕见的RHD基因变异型RHD*DEL37个体的血清学和基因特征,这2例个体的血液样本经血清学方法(试管法和微柱凝胶法)鉴定为RhD阴性。采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific prime,PCR-SSP)对样本进行RHD基因分型和合子型分析,基因分型结果为RHD基因阳性,并排除了常见的几种RHD基因变异体的可能。RHD基因合子型检测阳性,证明其中一条RHD等位基因1~10外显子全部缺失。进一步对样本RHD基因1~10外显子基因进行Sanger法测序,测序结果显示在另一条等位基因第8内含子上的第1154-31号碱基发生了T>C突变,国际输血协会(International Society of Blood Transfusion,ISBT)将该突变等位基因命名为RHD*DEL37,表型为RhD放散型(D-elute,Del)。本研究中,2例血清学初筛RhD阴性的样本通过分子生物学检测,其基因型为RHD*DEL37/RHD-(RHD*01N.01)。由于这2例个体无血缘关系,提示我国可能存在携带该基因突变的人群。本研究提示分子生物学方法可辅助鉴别血清学初筛为阴性的RhD变异体样本,联用分子生物学方法和血清学方法在准确鉴定血型、保障患者输血安全方面有重要意义。
