This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design co...This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues.In addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and hemocompatibility.The wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis.Lastly,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.展开更多
In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being high...A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.展开更多
Objective To identify the physiological variables associated with the development of acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods Eighty four young Chinese men residing at low altitude were taken to an altitude of 4000 m with...Objective To identify the physiological variables associated with the development of acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods Eighty four young Chinese men residing at low altitude were taken to an altitude of 4000 m within 40 hours.At sea level and at high altitude,we measured the heart rate,blood pressure,and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2)respectively.We also collect blood samples from each participants before and after the altitude elevation.The blood routine and biochemical examinations were performed for all blood samples.The revised Lake Louise Criteria was adopted to diagnose AMS after the subjects arrived at the target high altitude.The association between the presence of AMS and subjects’physiological variables were analysed statistically.Results Of 84 participants,34(40.5%)developed AMS.Compared with non AMS group,in the AMS group,the percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher(64.5%±11.2%vs.58.1%±8.8%,P=0.014),while the level of SpO2 was significantly lower(79.4%±5.4%vs.82.7%±5.6,P=0.008).Binary logistic regression analyses emphasized the association of neutrophils(OR:1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12,P=0.034)and SpO2 level(OR:0.87,95%CI:0.79-0.95,P=0.004)with the development of AMS.Conclusion The ability to sustain SpO2 after altitude elevation and the increase of neutrophils were associated with the development of AMS in young males.展开更多
In order to identify the effects of drought stress on protective enzyme activity and physiological properties, four mulberry varieties, i.e.,＇Nanye- 1＇, ＇Yunsang- 1＇, ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇ in the Panxi...In order to identify the effects of drought stress on protective enzyme activity and physiological properties, four mulberry varieties, i.e.,＇Nanye- 1＇, ＇Yunsang- 1＇, ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇ in the Panxi Region of Sichuan Province, China, were selected. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） in four mulberry varieties was determined. Soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of mulberry leaves were analyzed. The results show that during the early stages of drought stress, protective enzyme activities in four mulberry varieties continually increased. However, prolonged and intensified drought stress decreased their activities. After re-watering, they gradually returned to normal levels. Under drought stress and after re-watering, ＇Nanye-l＇ and ＇Yunsang-l＇ clearly showed smaller changes in soluble protein content than the ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇ varieties, whereas changes in their soluble sugar content were clearly greater than these last two varieties. When water deficit was protracted and intensified, ＇Nanye-1＇ and ＇Yunsang-1＇ still showed higher net photosynthetic, transpiration rates and water-use efficiency than ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇.展开更多
Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds...Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. Methods In this study,the threshold for convulsions was determined by direct cortical stimulation in rats.The convulsive threshold was measured while recording electroencephalograms and subsequently examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Results At the beginning of the experiment,convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA although there were significant individual variations in rats of the same group.But those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation.The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level[TLS(430±34)μA,TGS(480±46)μA,TPS(605±70)μA]in the 10th week.There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulation lasted for longer,the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than that at the beginning of the trial(P<0.01).An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3rd week in heavy current group and at the 8th week in weak current group respectively which were concomitant with the neuronal da-mage and loss in the hippocampus.There was no abnormality observed in control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages:physiological convulsive threshold and pathological convulsive threshold(epileptic threshold).Epileptic threshold is created by pathological acquired factors which give rise to brain damage.The intensity of these pathological acquired factors is correlated with the formation of the pathological convulsive threshold.展开更多
Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen c...Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen consumption changes at high altitudes was also examined.Methods: Twelve Indian Army soldiers were acclimatized at altitudes of 3,505 m and 4,300 m. They walked for 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill at 2.5km/h and 3.5km/h speeds during carrying no loads and three magnitudes of load(10.7kg, 21.4kg, 30kg) at both altitudes. Physiological parameters such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and ventilation were recorded for each breath using a gas analyzer. The rating of perceived exertion was also noted after each load carriage session. Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) was measured at sea level and the two high altitudes, and respective relative workloads(% of VO2max) were calculated from oxygen consumption. Repeated measure ANOVA was applied to reveal the significant effects of the independent variables.Results: The participants had significant reductions in VO2 max with rising altitude. Marked increases in almost all physiological parameters were observed with increasing load, altitude, and speed. The soldiers expressed heavy perceived exertion levels with higher loads at 3.5km/h at the two high altitudes.Conclusions: Considering the physiological responses, expressions of perceived exertion and changes in relative work load at both of the high altitudes. Indian soldiers are advised to walk slowly with adequate rest in between their schedules and to carry not more than 32% of their body weight.展开更多
Using the methods introduced by Bier, X.H., Buchinock, Wang Jing-wen, Shi Rihe et al., different varieties of poplar (poplar-Mei譗ing, Poplar-A100, Poplar-Xiaohe14 et al.) were inoculated with poplar ice nucleation ac...Using the methods introduced by Bier, X.H., Buchinock, Wang Jing-wen, Shi Rihe et al., different varieties of poplar (poplar-Mei譗ing, Poplar-A100, Poplar-Xiaohe14 et al.) were inoculated with poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria respec-tively in 1997-1999. The water content, relative turgidity, lignin content, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity, electrolyte effusion rate, and inorganic element content of poplar bark were measured before and after inoculating. The results showed that after the poplar trees were inoculated with INA bacteria, the moisture content of bark decreased but relative turgidity increased, electrolyte effusion rate increased and had a peak at temperatures of 4 and 5 C, lignin content increased and positively cor-related with poplars disease-resistance, and the plenylalanine ammonialyase activity increased and also showed a significant positive correlation with poplars disease-resistance. For the contents of inorganic element, Cu and Fe decreased but K and Zn increased obviously, while Mn, Ca and Mg changed little.展开更多
Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nation...Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.展开更多
With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitori...With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitoring applications has achieved rapid development due to its advantages in high-quality physiological signals monitoring and suitability for system integrations.Among them,the breathable e-skin has developed rapidly in recent years because it adapts to the long-term and high-comfort wear requirements of monitoring physiological signals in daily life.In this review,the recent achievements of breathable e-skins for daily physiological monitoring are systematically introduced and discussed.By dividing them into breathable e-skin electrodes,breathable e-skin sensors,and breathable e-skin systems,we sort out their design ideas,manufacturing processes,performances,and applications and show their advantages in long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life.In addition,the development directions and challenges of the breathable e-skin are discussed and prospected.展开更多
Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammon...Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+-N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) to determine the best nitrogen form and concentration to optimize growth,biomass allocation,pigment content,and photosynthetic capacity.The results of combining membership function and an evaluation index suggested that,5 mmol·L^(−1) nitrogen,regardless of the form,yielded the highest comprehensive evaluation index and good growth.In addition,a Pearson correlation analysis and network visualization revealed that the total mass,shoot mass,root mass,leaf dry mass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll had a physiological index connectivity degree≥15 for both nitrogen forms.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,total nitrogen content,ground diameter,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid were unique indices for evaluating NH_(4)^(+)+-N-based nutrition,which could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings,cultivation periods,and stress tolerance in P.simonii× P.nigra.展开更多
Climate change is causing more frequent and severe climatic events,such as extreme heat and co-occurring drought,potentially accelerating tree mortality.Which tree species will cope better with those extreme events is...Climate change is causing more frequent and severe climatic events,such as extreme heat and co-occurring drought,potentially accelerating tree mortality.Which tree species will cope better with those extreme events is still being researched.This study focuses on heat as a physiological stress factor and interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits in 15 temperate coniferous and broad-leaved tree species.We investigate(1)whether thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits correlate with a droughtrelated physiological trait,particularly the leaf turgor loss point(πtlp,wilting point),and(2)how thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits co-vary within diff erent tree-functional types classifi ed by morphological and physiological traits of the leaf,i.e.,leaf mass per area(LMA)and percentage loss of area(PLA).The study was carried out in the Traunstein Forest Dynamics Plot of the ForestGEO network in Germany.The temperature response of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m))on leaf discs was determined,from which various physiological leaf traits were estimated,one of which is the breaking point temperature(T_(5)),the temperature at which F_(v)/F_(m)declines by 5%.Additionally,the temperature of 50%(T_(50))and 95%(T_(95))decline in F_(v)/F_(m)was evaluated.The decline width between T_(50)and T 5(DW T_(50)−T_(5))was taken as an indicator of the species’thermal sensitivity.The breaking point temperature ranged from 35.4±3.0 to 47.9±3.9℃among the investigated tree species and T 50 ranged between 46.1±0.4 and 53.6±0.7℃.A large interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity was found.European ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)was the most heat-sensitive species,while Wild cherry(Prunus avium L.)was the least heat-sensitive species.Species with a more negativeπtlp tended to have a higher breaking point temperature than species with a less negativeπtlp.A lower thermal sensitivity characterized species with a higher LMA,and high PLA was found in species with low thermal sensitivity.Accordingly,species with thicker and tougher leaves have lower thermal sensitivity which coincides with a lower wilting point.We conclude that species that develop drought-adapted foliage can cope better with heat stress.Further,they might be able to maintain transpirational cooling during combined heat and drought stress,which could lessen their mortality risk during climatic extremes.展开更多
vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physi...vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.展开更多
The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined env...The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.展开更多
1Xylotrechus rusticus （Linnaeus） is one of the most destruc-tive woodborers in northeast China;it damages poplar and is listed as a domestic forestry quarantine pest. Overwintering larvae were collected during Octob...1Xylotrechus rusticus （Linnaeus） is one of the most destruc-tive woodborers in northeast China;it damages poplar and is listed as a domestic forestry quarantine pest. Overwintering larvae were collected during October 2012 and March 2013 in Harbin, China, to quantify indi-cators related to the insect’s overwintering strategy and the major cryo-protectants. The supercooling points （SCPs）, which ranged from-14.7＆#176;C to -2.9＆#176;C, were higher than the lethal temperatures of LT50 （-33.64＆#176;C） and LT99 （-40.17＆#176;C） after 24 h exposure. , also the minimum mean daily temperature （-24.5＆#176;C） and mean monthly temperature （-18.0＆#176;C） at the sampling site in January during 2008-2012. Thus, X. rusticus is a typical freezing-tolerant insect. Glycerol serves as a major cryoprotectant for overwintering larvae , because it was the only polyol accumulated during the winter and it also had a significant negative correlation with the SCP （p=0.033, R=0.907）. The glycogen and lipid are major sources of ener-gy and their levels decreased substantially in the middle of overwintering, when glycogen had a significant correlation with the SCP （p= 0.006, R=0.971） whereas the lipid contents did not. Moreover, inter-conversions between glycerol and glycogen, as well as mannose and glycogen, were suggested by their negative correlations. The water content did not change obviously during the winter and was not correlated with the SCP. The free amino acids in the hemolymph and the total protein contents of the bodies of larvae changed significantly during winter, although both had no correlations with the SCP.展开更多
The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium disti...The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium distichum was selected as a control. The survival rates of seedlings were calculated, the photosynthetic indices were detected by Licor-6400 photosynthetic system instrument, and the root activities of seedlings were tested by the method of triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）. Results showed that： 1） By experiencing flooding for 76 d and recovering for 60 d after water was drained off, all seedlings survived under the shallow-drowning treatment. None of Q. falcata seedlings died in the deep-drowning treatment until the 49th day. The survival rate of Q. falcata in the deep-drowning treatment was 30%. 2） Within 61 d of waterlogging treatments, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） showed a tendency of declining, but intercellular concentration of CO2 （Ci） increased. With the prolongation of flooding stress, the extents of variation for all indices under deep-drowning treatment were larger than those under the shallow-drowning treatment. The variation of Q. falcata in flooding stress was larger than that of Q. nuttallii. 3） The root vigor and alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） activities were detected at the 61st day in flooding stress. Waterlogging obviously inhibited root activities. Shallow-drowning made root vigor of Q. nuttallii decreased by 11.7%, and for Q. falcata, by 51.88%. Shallow-drowning treatment had no remarkable effects on ADH activities of seedlings, but deep-drowning increased those of Q. nuttallii seedlings by 227.24%, and decreased those of Q. falcata seedlings by 59.22% in the meantime. We conclude that Q. nuttallii had a stronger waterlogging resistance than Q. falcata, but weaker than T. distichum.展开更多
It was proved that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi played an important role in increasing plant resistance to soilborne pathogens, especially when plants were pre-inoculated with AM fungi. Mechanisms involved in thi...It was proved that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi played an important role in increasing plant resistance to soilborne pathogens, especially when plants were pre-inoculated with AM fungi. Mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet well understood. On the basis of the former experiment results in our lab, effects of AM fungi on cotton Verticillium wilt and the mechanisms of increasing disease resisitance by the tested fungi were studied in pot culture under greenhouse conditions. Two cotton cutivars Litai 8 and 86-1 which are susceptible to Verticillium dahliae were pre-inoculated with Glomus fasiculatum, and Gigaspora margarita, then inoculated with the strain of Verticillium dahliae, namely “An-Yang” (belong to intermediate virulent type) 30 days after the former inoculation. Results showed that AM fungi could improve the growth and development of cotton plants, increase plants dry mass, decrease incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt of cotton plants, inhibit the infection and development of V. dahliae to different extent in the rhizosphere of cotton pre-inoculated with AM fungi, while the colonization and spore numbers of AM fungi were not reduced significantly by this pathogen. The defence enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were induced, and their activities and peak increased by AM fungi in roots and leaves, and the increasing speed and peak of the enzyme activity were higher in treatment with AM fungus preinoculation than the inoculation with only V. dahliae, which suggested that defense response was activated by AM fungi, and then made the cotton to react strongly and rapidly to the infection of V. dahliae. In addition, AM fungi decreased the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) in cotton roots and leaves, protected membrane system and alleviated the damage caused by the pathogen. The AM fungus, Glomus fasiculatum showed the superior effects of biological control. It was concluded that AM fungi could provide the biological control to cotton diseases and there were application prospects of this biological agents.展开更多
In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower tot...In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower total biomass at plateau. At doses ≥ 150 Gy, cells showed a decreased exponential growth rate and higher total biomass at plateau. DNA lesions were detected by comet assay. Meanwhile, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(?Ψ m) and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. We conclude that X-ray irradiation results in DNA lesions, ROS accumulation and?Ψ m decline in a dose-dependent manner, and that these changes may be one of causes of X-rays-induced apoptosis in yeast. Furthermore, yeast cell membrane integrity appeared compromised following irradiation,suggesting that membrane damage may also have a role in the biological effects of radiation.展开更多
This study was performed to observe the effects of water on photosynthesis and water-related physiology in dominant shrubs in shell sand habitats.Four-year-old Periploca sepium seedlings were used as model species.A g...This study was performed to observe the effects of water on photosynthesis and water-related physiology in dominant shrubs in shell sand habitats.Four-year-old Periploca sepium seedlings were used as model species.A gradient of 12 water levels was established by artificially supplying the shell sand with water up to saturation and then allowing natural evapotranspiration to occur.The photo synthetic,chlorophyll fluorescence and stem sap flow parameters of P.sepium were measured under a range of water conditions.The different soil water conditions were classified according to the responses of these parameters.(1)With the increase in the relative water content(RWC)of the shell sand,the parameters of leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and water-related physiology in P.sepium showed significant critical responses.The net photo synthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE),potential water use efficiency(WUEi),maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSII)and daily accumulation of stem sap flow all increased first and then decreased with increasing RWC,but the corresponding water conditions associated with their maximum values were not the same.An RWC of 69.40%was determined to be the optimal water condition for photosynthesis and water-related physiological activity in P.sepium.At an RWC of 36.61%,the mechanism of photosynthetic inhibition in P.sepium changed from stomatal limitation to nonstomatal limitation;this was also the minimum water requirement for maintaining normal photo synthetic processes.An RWC of 50.27%resulted in the highest WUE in P.sepium,indicating that moderate drought stress increased WUE.(2)Based on the quantitative relationship between the photo synthetic parameters of P.sepium and the shell sand water gradient,the soil water availability was classified into 6 water grades.The RWC range for maintaining strong photosynthesis and high WUE in P.sepium was 63.22-69.98%.(3)Gas exchange in P.sepium was inhibited under drought and waterlogging stresses.Under these conditions,the photosynthetic electron transport chain was blocked,and the dissipation of light energy as heat increased,which ultimately led to a decline in photo synthetic productivity;moreover,transpiration and dissipation were aggravated,and water transmission and utilization processes in P.sepium were hindered.A significant negative feedback regulation mechanism in the photosynthetic and water-related physiological processes of P.sepium was observed;this mechanism allowed P.sepium growing in shell sand to be highly adaptable to water stress.展开更多
Some blood physiological indices were determined in wild yak,Datong yak(the crossbreeds of the wild and domestic yak)and Tianzhu Black yak in a year. The red blood cell amount(RBC)and packed cell volume (PCV)of the wi...Some blood physiological indices were determined in wild yak,Datong yak(the crossbreeds of the wild and domestic yak)and Tianzhu Black yak in a year. The red blood cell amount(RBC)and packed cell volume (PCV)of the wild yak and Datong yak were similar but differed largely from that of the Tianzhu Black yak. RBC of the wild yak and Datong yak were larger than that of the Tianzhu Black yak and their RBC varied seasonally.The results indicated that wild yak and Datong yak could effectively adapt to changes in environment by adjusting their physiological indices.展开更多
基金the NSF CCSS-2152638 and the IEN Center Grant from the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology at Georgia Tech.
文摘This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues.In addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and hemocompatibility.The wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis.Lastly,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
文摘A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.
基金Fund supported by the National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(No.2014ZX09J14102-02A)~~
文摘Objective To identify the physiological variables associated with the development of acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods Eighty four young Chinese men residing at low altitude were taken to an altitude of 4000 m within 40 hours.At sea level and at high altitude,we measured the heart rate,blood pressure,and peripheral oxygen saturation(SpO2)respectively.We also collect blood samples from each participants before and after the altitude elevation.The blood routine and biochemical examinations were performed for all blood samples.The revised Lake Louise Criteria was adopted to diagnose AMS after the subjects arrived at the target high altitude.The association between the presence of AMS and subjects’physiological variables were analysed statistically.Results Of 84 participants,34(40.5%)developed AMS.Compared with non AMS group,in the AMS group,the percentage of neutrophils was significantly higher(64.5%±11.2%vs.58.1%±8.8%,P=0.014),while the level of SpO2 was significantly lower(79.4%±5.4%vs.82.7%±5.6,P=0.008).Binary logistic regression analyses emphasized the association of neutrophils(OR:1.06,95%CI:1.01-1.12,P=0.034)and SpO2 level(OR:0.87,95%CI:0.79-0.95,P=0.004)with the development of AMS.Conclusion The ability to sustain SpO2 after altitude elevation and the increase of neutrophils were associated with the development of AMS in young males.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of the Education Department of Sichuan Province (Nos. 2003A–032, 072A105)
文摘In order to identify the effects of drought stress on protective enzyme activity and physiological properties, four mulberry varieties, i.e.,＇Nanye- 1＇, ＇Yunsang- 1＇, ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇ in the Panxi Region of Sichuan Province, China, were selected. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） in four mulberry varieties was determined. Soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of mulberry leaves were analyzed. The results show that during the early stages of drought stress, protective enzyme activities in four mulberry varieties continually increased. However, prolonged and intensified drought stress decreased their activities. After re-watering, they gradually returned to normal levels. Under drought stress and after re-watering, ＇Nanye-l＇ and ＇Yunsang-l＇ clearly showed smaller changes in soluble protein content than the ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇ varieties, whereas changes in their soluble sugar content were clearly greater than these last two varieties. When water deficit was protracted and intensified, ＇Nanye-1＇ and ＇Yunsang-1＇ still showed higher net photosynthetic, transpiration rates and water-use efficiency than ＇Xinyizhilai＇ and ＇Husang-32＇.
文摘Objective To investigate changes that occur in the brain when the physiological convulsive threshold becomes pathological,and to determine what differences occur in pathological and physiological convulsive thresholds during the development of epilepsy. Methods In this study,the threshold for convulsions was determined by direct cortical stimulation in rats.The convulsive threshold was measured while recording electroencephalograms and subsequently examining histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Results At the beginning of the experiment,convulsive thresholds were all above 1 100 μA although there were significant individual variations in rats of the same group.But those thresholds quickly declined during the initial 4 weeks of repetitive electrical stimulation.The convulsive thresholds approached a constant level[TLS(430±34)μA,TGS(480±46)μA,TPS(605±70)μA]in the 10th week.There were no significant changes in thresholds when stimulation lasted for longer,the convulsive thresholds and the variations in rats of the same group were significantly lower than that at the beginning of the trial(P<0.01).An interictal discharge was also recorded in the 3rd week in heavy current group and at the 8th week in weak current group respectively which were concomitant with the neuronal da-mage and loss in the hippocampus.There was no abnormality observed in control group. Conclusion These findings indicate that the convulsion threshold in the brain should be divided into two stages:physiological convulsive threshold and pathological convulsive threshold(epileptic threshold).Epileptic threshold is created by pathological acquired factors which give rise to brain damage.The intensity of these pathological acquired factors is correlated with the formation of the pathological convulsive threshold.
基金funded through Project No.S&T-09/DIP-251,C3.0 from the Defence Research and Development Organization(DRDO),Ministry of Defence,Government of India
文摘Background: The present study was designed to evaluate load carriage performance at extremely high altitudes with different loads and walking speeds in terms of physiological evaluation. The degree of maximum oxygen consumption changes at high altitudes was also examined.Methods: Twelve Indian Army soldiers were acclimatized at altitudes of 3,505 m and 4,300 m. They walked for 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill at 2.5km/h and 3.5km/h speeds during carrying no loads and three magnitudes of load(10.7kg, 21.4kg, 30kg) at both altitudes. Physiological parameters such as oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, heart rate, and ventilation were recorded for each breath using a gas analyzer. The rating of perceived exertion was also noted after each load carriage session. Maximal oxygen consumption(VO2max) was measured at sea level and the two high altitudes, and respective relative workloads(% of VO2max) were calculated from oxygen consumption. Repeated measure ANOVA was applied to reveal the significant effects of the independent variables.Results: The participants had significant reductions in VO2 max with rising altitude. Marked increases in almost all physiological parameters were observed with increasing load, altitude, and speed. The soldiers expressed heavy perceived exertion levels with higher loads at 3.5km/h at the two high altitudes.Conclusions: Considering the physiological responses, expressions of perceived exertion and changes in relative work load at both of the high altitudes. Indian soldiers are advised to walk slowly with adequate rest in between their schedules and to carry not more than 32% of their body weight.
基金This paper was supported by National Foundation of Ninth Five-Year Plan (No. 96-005-04-01-03).
文摘Using the methods introduced by Bier, X.H., Buchinock, Wang Jing-wen, Shi Rihe et al., different varieties of poplar (poplar-Mei譗ing, Poplar-A100, Poplar-Xiaohe14 et al.) were inoculated with poplar ice nucleation active (INA) bacteria respec-tively in 1997-1999. The water content, relative turgidity, lignin content, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activity, electrolyte effusion rate, and inorganic element content of poplar bark were measured before and after inoculating. The results showed that after the poplar trees were inoculated with INA bacteria, the moisture content of bark decreased but relative turgidity increased, electrolyte effusion rate increased and had a peak at temperatures of 4 and 5 C, lignin content increased and positively cor-related with poplars disease-resistance, and the plenylalanine ammonialyase activity increased and also showed a significant positive correlation with poplars disease-resistance. For the contents of inorganic element, Cu and Fe decreased but K and Zn increased obviously, while Mn, Ca and Mg changed little.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development(2014ZX09J14102-02A)Special Topic on Military Health Care(17bjz41)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81170249 and 30700305).
文摘Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude.Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research.Dynamic electrocardiogram,treadmill exercise test,echocardiography,routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively.Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness(AMS).Results Approximately 49.05%of the individuals developed AMS.The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(22.0+2.66 vs.23.2+3.19 mm,t=l.998,P=0.048)was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level,while count of eosinophil[(0.264+0.393)×109/L vs.(0.126+0.084)×109/L,t=-2.040,P—0.045],percentage of diflerences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals(PNN50,9.66%±5.40%vs.6.98%±5.66%,t=-2.229,P=0.028)and heart rate variability triangle index(57.1+16.1 vs.50.6+12.7,t=-2.271,P=0.025)were significantly higher.After acute exposure to high altitude,C-reactive protein(0.098+0.103 vs.0.062+0.045 g/L,t=-2.132,P=0.037),aspartate aminotransferase(19.7+6.7275.17,3±3.95 U/L,t=-2.231,P=0.028)and creatinine(85.1±12.9 vs.77.7±11.2 mmol/L,t=3.162,P=0.002)were significantly higher in the AMS group,while alkaline phosphatase(71.7+18.2 vs.80.6+20.2 U/L,t=2.389,P=0.019),standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals(126.5+35.9 vs.143.3+36.4 ms,t—2.320,P—0.022),ejection time(276.9+50.8 vs.313.8+48.9 ms,t—3.641,P—0.001)and heart rate variability triangle index(37.1+12.9 vs.41.9+11.1,t=2.O2O,P=0.047)were significantly lower.Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable,prediction equation were established to estimate AMS:Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281Xeosinophil-0.219Xalkaline phosphatase+O.O32XPNN50.Conclusions We elucidated the differences of pl^siological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level.We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program 2021YFC3002201 of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation(U20A20168,61874065,51861145202)of ChinaThe authors are also thankful for the support of the Research Fund from the Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip,the Independent Research Program of Tsinghua University(20193080047).
文摘With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitoring applications has achieved rapid development due to its advantages in high-quality physiological signals monitoring and suitability for system integrations.Among them,the breathable e-skin has developed rapidly in recent years because it adapts to the long-term and high-comfort wear requirements of monitoring physiological signals in daily life.In this review,the recent achievements of breathable e-skins for daily physiological monitoring are systematically introduced and discussed.By dividing them into breathable e-skin electrodes,breathable e-skin sensors,and breathable e-skin systems,we sort out their design ideas,manufacturing processes,performances,and applications and show their advantages in long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life.In addition,the development directions and challenges of the breathable e-skin are discussed and prospected.
基金This work was supported by the Science Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2020C004)the Special Fund for Basic Scientifi c research operation Fee of Central University(2572019CT02)+1 种基金the Innovation Project of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University)(2019A03)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).
文摘Numerous growth and physiological variables of 3-week-old Populus simonii × P.nigra seedlings were assessed after treatment with either nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(−)--N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) or ammonium nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)+-N)(0.1,0.5,1,5,or 10 mmol·L^(−1)) to determine the best nitrogen form and concentration to optimize growth,biomass allocation,pigment content,and photosynthetic capacity.The results of combining membership function and an evaluation index suggested that,5 mmol·L^(−1) nitrogen,regardless of the form,yielded the highest comprehensive evaluation index and good growth.In addition,a Pearson correlation analysis and network visualization revealed that the total mass,shoot mass,root mass,leaf dry mass,plant height,leaf area,chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll had a physiological index connectivity degree≥15 for both nitrogen forms.Net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII,total nitrogen content,ground diameter,chlorophyll b,and carotenoid were unique indices for evaluating NH_(4)^(+)+-N-based nutrition,which could provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on seedlings,cultivation periods,and stress tolerance in P.simonii× P.nigra.
文摘Climate change is causing more frequent and severe climatic events,such as extreme heat and co-occurring drought,potentially accelerating tree mortality.Which tree species will cope better with those extreme events is still being researched.This study focuses on heat as a physiological stress factor and interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits in 15 temperate coniferous and broad-leaved tree species.We investigate(1)whether thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits correlate with a droughtrelated physiological trait,particularly the leaf turgor loss point(πtlp,wilting point),and(2)how thermal tolerance and sensitivity traits co-vary within diff erent tree-functional types classifi ed by morphological and physiological traits of the leaf,i.e.,leaf mass per area(LMA)and percentage loss of area(PLA).The study was carried out in the Traunstein Forest Dynamics Plot of the ForestGEO network in Germany.The temperature response of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m))on leaf discs was determined,from which various physiological leaf traits were estimated,one of which is the breaking point temperature(T_(5)),the temperature at which F_(v)/F_(m)declines by 5%.Additionally,the temperature of 50%(T_(50))and 95%(T_(95))decline in F_(v)/F_(m)was evaluated.The decline width between T_(50)and T 5(DW T_(50)−T_(5))was taken as an indicator of the species’thermal sensitivity.The breaking point temperature ranged from 35.4±3.0 to 47.9±3.9℃among the investigated tree species and T 50 ranged between 46.1±0.4 and 53.6±0.7℃.A large interspecifi c variation of thermal tolerance and sensitivity was found.European ash(Fraxinus excelsior L.)was the most heat-sensitive species,while Wild cherry(Prunus avium L.)was the least heat-sensitive species.Species with a more negativeπtlp tended to have a higher breaking point temperature than species with a less negativeπtlp.A lower thermal sensitivity characterized species with a higher LMA,and high PLA was found in species with low thermal sensitivity.Accordingly,species with thicker and tougher leaves have lower thermal sensitivity which coincides with a lower wilting point.We conclude that species that develop drought-adapted foliage can cope better with heat stress.Further,they might be able to maintain transpirational cooling during combined heat and drought stress,which could lessen their mortality risk during climatic extremes.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31770761)the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong province (2019LY006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (No.ZR2017LEE023)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong province,P.R.China(No.TSQN201909152)。
文摘vegetation restoration is a main ecological remediation technology for greening saline and alkaline soils.The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of1-aminobenzotriazole(ABT-1) on the growth and physiology of Tamarix chinensis under salt stress and to determine a suitable ABT-1 concentration and soil salinity(Sc) for propagating T.chihehsis-cuttings.Cuttings were soaked in water and ABT-1 solutions at three concentrations(50,100,and 200 mg L^(-1)) and propagated in pots containing four soil salinity levels,mild(0.3%),moderate(0.6%),and severe(0.9% and 1.2%),and compared with a control.The cuttings were measured to determine growth indices and physiological and biochemical indices(e.g.,chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase activity,and malondialdehyde content).ABT-1 was effective in improving survival,growth,and physiological processes of cuttings under salt stress.However,there was a threshold effect when using ABT-1 to facilitate propagation under salt stress.ABT-1 effects were insignificant when applied at low concentrations(<100 mg L^(-1)).At a high concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),ABT-1 limited growth and physiological activities.Under a salt stress level(Sc ≤0.9%),ABT applied at a 100 mg L^(-1)concentration increased chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in the leaves and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation effects.As a result,ABT-1 enhanced the resistance of T.chinensis to salt stress.However,under high salt stress(>0.9%) and ABT-1 concentration(> 100 mg L^(-1)),the physiological regulatory ability of T.chinensis seedlings weakened.T.chinensis grew well at a salt stress ≤0.9% and ABT ≤100 mg L^(-1) and exhibited relatively high physiological regulatory ability and high salt adaptability.
基金funded by ‘‘a group of four’’ Safety Science and Technology Project of State Production Safety Supervision Administration of China (No. 20130801)
文摘The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.
基金supported financially by the National Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.2012BAD19B00)
文摘1Xylotrechus rusticus （Linnaeus） is one of the most destruc-tive woodborers in northeast China;it damages poplar and is listed as a domestic forestry quarantine pest. Overwintering larvae were collected during October 2012 and March 2013 in Harbin, China, to quantify indi-cators related to the insect’s overwintering strategy and the major cryo-protectants. The supercooling points （SCPs）, which ranged from-14.7＆#176;C to -2.9＆#176;C, were higher than the lethal temperatures of LT50 （-33.64＆#176;C） and LT99 （-40.17＆#176;C） after 24 h exposure. , also the minimum mean daily temperature （-24.5＆#176;C） and mean monthly temperature （-18.0＆#176;C） at the sampling site in January during 2008-2012. Thus, X. rusticus is a typical freezing-tolerant insect. Glycerol serves as a major cryoprotectant for overwintering larvae , because it was the only polyol accumulated during the winter and it also had a significant negative correlation with the SCP （p=0.033, R=0.907）. The glycogen and lipid are major sources of ener-gy and their levels decreased substantially in the middle of overwintering, when glycogen had a significant correlation with the SCP （p= 0.006, R=0.971） whereas the lipid contents did not. Moreover, inter-conversions between glycerol and glycogen, as well as mannose and glycogen, were suggested by their negative correlations. The water content did not change obviously during the winter and was not correlated with the SCP. The free amino acids in the hemolymph and the total protein contents of the bodies of larvae changed significantly during winter, although both had no correlations with the SCP.
基金supported by the National Project of Science and Technology for the 11th Five-Year Plan (Grant No. 2006BAD03A1702-02).
文摘The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium distichum was selected as a control. The survival rates of seedlings were calculated, the photosynthetic indices were detected by Licor-6400 photosynthetic system instrument, and the root activities of seedlings were tested by the method of triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）. Results showed that： 1） By experiencing flooding for 76 d and recovering for 60 d after water was drained off, all seedlings survived under the shallow-drowning treatment. None of Q. falcata seedlings died in the deep-drowning treatment until the 49th day. The survival rate of Q. falcata in the deep-drowning treatment was 30%. 2） Within 61 d of waterlogging treatments, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） showed a tendency of declining, but intercellular concentration of CO2 （Ci） increased. With the prolongation of flooding stress, the extents of variation for all indices under deep-drowning treatment were larger than those under the shallow-drowning treatment. The variation of Q. falcata in flooding stress was larger than that of Q. nuttallii. 3） The root vigor and alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） activities were detected at the 61st day in flooding stress. Waterlogging obviously inhibited root activities. Shallow-drowning made root vigor of Q. nuttallii decreased by 11.7%, and for Q. falcata, by 51.88%. Shallow-drowning treatment had no remarkable effects on ADH activities of seedlings, but deep-drowning increased those of Q. nuttallii seedlings by 227.24%, and decreased those of Q. falcata seedlings by 59.22% in the meantime. We conclude that Q. nuttallii had a stronger waterlogging resistance than Q. falcata, but weaker than T. distichum.
文摘It was proved that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi played an important role in increasing plant resistance to soilborne pathogens, especially when plants were pre-inoculated with AM fungi. Mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not yet well understood. On the basis of the former experiment results in our lab, effects of AM fungi on cotton Verticillium wilt and the mechanisms of increasing disease resisitance by the tested fungi were studied in pot culture under greenhouse conditions. Two cotton cutivars Litai 8 and 86-1 which are susceptible to Verticillium dahliae were pre-inoculated with Glomus fasiculatum, and Gigaspora margarita, then inoculated with the strain of Verticillium dahliae, namely “An-Yang” (belong to intermediate virulent type) 30 days after the former inoculation. Results showed that AM fungi could improve the growth and development of cotton plants, increase plants dry mass, decrease incidence and disease index of Verticillium wilt of cotton plants, inhibit the infection and development of V. dahliae to different extent in the rhizosphere of cotton pre-inoculated with AM fungi, while the colonization and spore numbers of AM fungi were not reduced significantly by this pathogen. The defence enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were induced, and their activities and peak increased by AM fungi in roots and leaves, and the increasing speed and peak of the enzyme activity were higher in treatment with AM fungus preinoculation than the inoculation with only V. dahliae, which suggested that defense response was activated by AM fungi, and then made the cotton to react strongly and rapidly to the infection of V. dahliae. In addition, AM fungi decreased the content of malondiadehyde (MDA) in cotton roots and leaves, protected membrane system and alleviated the damage caused by the pathogen. The AM fungus, Glomus fasiculatum showed the superior effects of biological control. It was concluded that AM fungi could provide the biological control to cotton diseases and there were application prospects of this biological agents.
基金Supported by the project of western talent training program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y306010XB0)
文摘In this paper, the growth curves of yeast cells exposed to X-rays were detected, and then fitted by Gompertz equation. The yeast cells treated with 50–125 Gy showed an increased exponential growth rate, and lower total biomass at plateau. At doses ≥ 150 Gy, cells showed a decreased exponential growth rate and higher total biomass at plateau. DNA lesions were detected by comet assay. Meanwhile, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential(?Ψ m) and cell membrane integrity were evaluated. We conclude that X-ray irradiation results in DNA lesions, ROS accumulation and?Ψ m decline in a dose-dependent manner, and that these changes may be one of causes of X-rays-induced apoptosis in yeast. Furthermore, yeast cell membrane integrity appeared compromised following irradiation,suggesting that membrane damage may also have a role in the biological effects of radiation.
基金supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2019LY006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31770761)+1 种基金Open Research Fund Program of Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta(Binzhou University)(No.2020KFJJ03)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong ProvincemChina(No.TSQN201909152)。
文摘This study was performed to observe the effects of water on photosynthesis and water-related physiology in dominant shrubs in shell sand habitats.Four-year-old Periploca sepium seedlings were used as model species.A gradient of 12 water levels was established by artificially supplying the shell sand with water up to saturation and then allowing natural evapotranspiration to occur.The photo synthetic,chlorophyll fluorescence and stem sap flow parameters of P.sepium were measured under a range of water conditions.The different soil water conditions were classified according to the responses of these parameters.(1)With the increase in the relative water content(RWC)of the shell sand,the parameters of leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and water-related physiology in P.sepium showed significant critical responses.The net photo synthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE),potential water use efficiency(WUEi),maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSII)and daily accumulation of stem sap flow all increased first and then decreased with increasing RWC,but the corresponding water conditions associated with their maximum values were not the same.An RWC of 69.40%was determined to be the optimal water condition for photosynthesis and water-related physiological activity in P.sepium.At an RWC of 36.61%,the mechanism of photosynthetic inhibition in P.sepium changed from stomatal limitation to nonstomatal limitation;this was also the minimum water requirement for maintaining normal photo synthetic processes.An RWC of 50.27%resulted in the highest WUE in P.sepium,indicating that moderate drought stress increased WUE.(2)Based on the quantitative relationship between the photo synthetic parameters of P.sepium and the shell sand water gradient,the soil water availability was classified into 6 water grades.The RWC range for maintaining strong photosynthesis and high WUE in P.sepium was 63.22-69.98%.(3)Gas exchange in P.sepium was inhibited under drought and waterlogging stresses.Under these conditions,the photosynthetic electron transport chain was blocked,and the dissipation of light energy as heat increased,which ultimately led to a decline in photo synthetic productivity;moreover,transpiration and dissipation were aggravated,and water transmission and utilization processes in P.sepium were hindered.A significant negative feedback regulation mechanism in the photosynthetic and water-related physiological processes of P.sepium was observed;this mechanism allowed P.sepium growing in shell sand to be highly adaptable to water stress.
文摘Some blood physiological indices were determined in wild yak,Datong yak(the crossbreeds of the wild and domestic yak)and Tianzhu Black yak in a year. The red blood cell amount(RBC)and packed cell volume (PCV)of the wild yak and Datong yak were similar but differed largely from that of the Tianzhu Black yak. RBC of the wild yak and Datong yak were larger than that of the Tianzhu Black yak and their RBC varied seasonally.The results indicated that wild yak and Datong yak could effectively adapt to changes in environment by adjusting their physiological indices.
