An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorith...An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorithm is developed for solving the binary linear implicit programming problem based on the orthogonal design. The orthogonal design with the factor analysis, an experimental design method is applied to the genetic algorithm to make the algorithm more robust, statistical y sound and quickly convergent. A crossover operator formed by the orthogonal array and the factor analysis is presented. First, this crossover operator can generate a smal but representative sample of points as offspring. After al of the better genes of these offspring are selected, a best combination among these offspring is then generated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) has been widely used as an effective technique for lowconcentration molecules detections in the past decades. This work proposes a rapid and accessible process to fabricate SERS...Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) has been widely used as an effective technique for lowconcentration molecules detections in the past decades. This work proposes a rapid and accessible process to fabricate SERS-active substrates with high uniformity and controllability based on two-step laser ablation. Laser beams directly ablate the surface of Si, concurrently creating microstructures and ejecting molten materials caused by the thermal effect that nucleate in ambient air. The nuclei grow into nanoparticles and deposit over the surface. These nanoparticles,together with microstructures, improve the light collection efficiency of the SERS-active substrates. Especially after Au thin film deposition, these nanoparticles can provide nanogaps as hotspots for SERS. By orthogonal experiment design,laser processing parameters for better performances are determined. Compared with substrates fabricated by single 1064 nm master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) laser ablation, substrates ablated by the primary 1064 nm MOPA laser and secondary UV pulsed laser show more uniform nanoparticles’ deposition over the surface. The optimized largearea substrate has a SERS detection limit of 10^(-8)mol/L for 4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP), indicating the potential realworld applications for trace detection.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(K50511700004)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2013JM1022)
文摘An integer linear bilevel programming problem is firstly transformed into a binary linear bilevel programming problem, and then converted into a single-level binary implicit programming. An orthogonal genetic algorithm is developed for solving the binary linear implicit programming problem based on the orthogonal design. The orthogonal design with the factor analysis, an experimental design method is applied to the genetic algorithm to make the algorithm more robust, statistical y sound and quickly convergent. A crossover operator formed by the orthogonal array and the factor analysis is presented. First, this crossover operator can generate a smal but representative sample of points as offspring. After al of the better genes of these offspring are selected, a best combination among these offspring is then generated. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金Project(2020H0006) supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology ProgrammeChina+2 种基金Project(62175203) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(RD2020050301) supported by the Innovation Laboratory for Science and Technology of Energy Materials of Fujian Province Applied Research ProjectChina。
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) has been widely used as an effective technique for lowconcentration molecules detections in the past decades. This work proposes a rapid and accessible process to fabricate SERS-active substrates with high uniformity and controllability based on two-step laser ablation. Laser beams directly ablate the surface of Si, concurrently creating microstructures and ejecting molten materials caused by the thermal effect that nucleate in ambient air. The nuclei grow into nanoparticles and deposit over the surface. These nanoparticles,together with microstructures, improve the light collection efficiency of the SERS-active substrates. Especially after Au thin film deposition, these nanoparticles can provide nanogaps as hotspots for SERS. By orthogonal experiment design,laser processing parameters for better performances are determined. Compared with substrates fabricated by single 1064 nm master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) laser ablation, substrates ablated by the primary 1064 nm MOPA laser and secondary UV pulsed laser show more uniform nanoparticles’ deposition over the surface. The optimized largearea substrate has a SERS detection limit of 10^(-8)mol/L for 4-aminothiophenol(4-ATP), indicating the potential realworld applications for trace detection.
