To reduce carbon intensity, an improved management method balancing the reduction in costs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is required for Tianjin's waste management system. Firstly, six objective functions, name...To reduce carbon intensity, an improved management method balancing the reduction in costs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is required for Tianjin's waste management system. Firstly, six objective functions, namely, cost minimization, GHG minimization, eco-efficiency minimization, cost maximization, GHG maximization and eco-efficiency maximization, are built and subjected to the same constraints with each objective function corresponding to one scenario. Secondly, GHG emissions and costs are derived from the waste flow of each scenario. Thirdly, the range of GHG emissions and costs of other potential scenarios are obtained and plotted through adjusting waste flow with infinitely possible step sizes according to the correlation among the above six scenarios. And the optimal scenario is determined based on this range. The results suggest the following conclusions. 1) The scenarios located on the border between scenario cost minimization and GHG minimization create an optimum curve, and scenario GHG minimization has the smallest eco-efficiency on the curve; 2) Simple pursuit of eco-efficiency minimization using fractional programming may be unreasonable; 3) Balancing GHG emissions from incineration and landfills benefits Tianjin's waste management system as it reduces GHG emissions and costs.展开更多
This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternati...This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first discussed.Key insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced sustainability.Available data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and scalability.Moreover,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making processes.The challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.展开更多
采用静态箱-气相色谱监测体系研究了上海郊区3种不同施肥条件下稻田系统温室气体(GHGs)排放特征及其全球增温潜能(GWP)。研究结果表明:施肥能显著增加稻田系统CO2的排放通量,但不同施肥条件对其影响差异不显著;施用有机肥能显著增加稻...采用静态箱-气相色谱监测体系研究了上海郊区3种不同施肥条件下稻田系统温室气体(GHGs)排放特征及其全球增温潜能(GWP)。研究结果表明:施肥能显著增加稻田系统CO2的排放通量,但不同施肥条件对其影响差异不显著;施用有机肥能显著增加稻田系统CH4的排放通量,同时也能显著降低稻田N2O排放通量。整个水稻生育期,不施肥CK处理的GWP最低,为14 852 kg CO2·hm-2。相较于CK处理,施用尿素的CT处理、有机无机混施的MT处理和施用有机肥的OT处理分别增加了86.9%、111.5%和134.3%的稻田GWP,表明施肥会增加稻田土壤GHGs的GWP。展开更多
基金Project(51406133) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas,ChinaProject supported by Independent Innovation Fund of Tianjin University,China
文摘To reduce carbon intensity, an improved management method balancing the reduction in costs and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions is required for Tianjin's waste management system. Firstly, six objective functions, namely, cost minimization, GHG minimization, eco-efficiency minimization, cost maximization, GHG maximization and eco-efficiency maximization, are built and subjected to the same constraints with each objective function corresponding to one scenario. Secondly, GHG emissions and costs are derived from the waste flow of each scenario. Thirdly, the range of GHG emissions and costs of other potential scenarios are obtained and plotted through adjusting waste flow with infinitely possible step sizes according to the correlation among the above six scenarios. And the optimal scenario is determined based on this range. The results suggest the following conclusions. 1) The scenarios located on the border between scenario cost minimization and GHG minimization create an optimum curve, and scenario GHG minimization has the smallest eco-efficiency on the curve; 2) Simple pursuit of eco-efficiency minimization using fractional programming may be unreasonable; 3) Balancing GHG emissions from incineration and landfills benefits Tianjin's waste management system as it reduces GHG emissions and costs.
文摘This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first discussed.Key insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced sustainability.Available data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and scalability.Moreover,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making processes.The challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.
文摘采用静态箱-气相色谱监测体系研究了上海郊区3种不同施肥条件下稻田系统温室气体(GHGs)排放特征及其全球增温潜能(GWP)。研究结果表明:施肥能显著增加稻田系统CO2的排放通量,但不同施肥条件对其影响差异不显著;施用有机肥能显著增加稻田系统CH4的排放通量,同时也能显著降低稻田N2O排放通量。整个水稻生育期,不施肥CK处理的GWP最低,为14 852 kg CO2·hm-2。相较于CK处理,施用尿素的CT处理、有机无机混施的MT处理和施用有机肥的OT处理分别增加了86.9%、111.5%和134.3%的稻田GWP,表明施肥会增加稻田土壤GHGs的GWP。
