The Marsh Grassbird Locustella pryeri is an uncommon songbird endemic to East Asia. Suitable nest- site selection can minimize nest loss, especially for open- cup and ground nesting passerines. We located and mon- ito...The Marsh Grassbird Locustella pryeri is an uncommon songbird endemic to East Asia. Suitable nest- site selection can minimize nest loss, especially for open- cup and ground nesting passerines. We located and mon- itored 66 Marsh Grassbird nests during 2004-2006 in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, northeast China, to identify characteristics of preferred nest sites. Marsh Grassbird nested mainly at sites with dense vegetation cover, high undergrowth and dry standing reed stalks, as well as small shallow ponds or rivers. Nests were more successful when they were placed higher above ground in patches with greater litter thickness. Predation and flooding were the leading causes of nest failure, accounting for at least 33 and 25 % of 24 nests lost, respectively. We ad- vocate retention of some unharvested reed patches and implementation of irrigation strategies that avoid increas- ing water levels during the breeding period （May-July） of Marsh Grassbirds.展开更多
Background:Nesting trees and habitat represent the key factor underpinning stand selection by forest-dwelling birds.While two large European species–the black stork(Ciconia nigra L.)and white-tailed eagle(Haliaaetus ...Background:Nesting trees and habitat represent the key factor underpinning stand selection by forest-dwelling birds.While two large European species–the black stork(Ciconia nigra L.)and white-tailed eagle(Haliaaetus albicilla L.)–are known to require old,large trees for nesting,we sought to investigate further by comparing species requirements at the levels of the nesting tree,nesting stand,and landscape.This entailed a detailed examination of forest features within circles of radius 15 m surrounding 16 and 19 trees holding the nests of storks and eagles respectively.The same parameters were also checked in the vicinity of 50 randomly-selected mature trees.Results:Our results indicate different nesting preferences,with the eagles entirely confining themselves to Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)–a species also chosen by black storks,which nevertheless regularly favour pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.).Both species select trees of greater girth than the random ones,but white-tailed eagles choose to nest in the vicinity of patches of mature old stands with a loose canopy,to the extent that nesting trees and surrounding trees are of similar ages.In contrast,black storks prefer“veteran”trees with low-set crowns that are much older than any others in their vicinity.Nesting trees of the eagles are away from roads and close to lakes,while black storks do not avoid roads.Conclusions:As the ages of nesting trees of both species are greater than ages at final cutting in this region’s managed forest,silvicultural measures will need to be adjusted,with small patches of forest spared,or larger areas as“islands”of old-growth.Likewise,as tending and thinning are engaged in,certain trees with horizontal branches will need to remain,with relict trees also left untouched.As it happens,all of these recommendations are anyway key elements of close-to nature silviculture and multifunctional forestry.展开更多
Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The ne...Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices：the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats（such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts） can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps（93.15%） are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors：fire,security（concealment /disturbance）,incubation（conditions,nest-material）,and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.展开更多
【目的】全面揭示哀牢山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种的多样性。【方法】采用样地调查法对该保护区的蚂蚁物种分布格局进行调查。【结果】8个垂直带的58块样地共采集蚂蚁10亚科61属209种。水平分布上,西坡的蚂蚁物种数高于东坡(171 vs 145)...【目的】全面揭示哀牢山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种的多样性。【方法】采用样地调查法对该保护区的蚂蚁物种分布格局进行调查。【结果】8个垂直带的58块样地共采集蚂蚁10亚科61属209种。水平分布上,西坡的蚂蚁物种数高于东坡(171 vs 145),西坡特有种64种,东坡特有种38种,东、西坡共有种107种;垂直分布上,东、西坡的蚂蚁物种数均与海拔负相关(西坡R^(2)=0.65,东坡R^(2)=0.63);10类不同生境中,中低海拔的针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中栖息的蚂蚁物种较为丰富(分别为127和104种),高海拔的苔藓矮林中蚂蚁物种最贫乏(3种);觅食和筑巢分析中,土壤为蚂蚁最喜欢的觅食和筑巢场所,其次为地表,最后为植物上。【结论】哀牢山国家级自然保护区资源丰富,植被保护整体良好,孕育着丰富的蚂蚁物种。低海拔的人为干扰对蚂蚁物种有不利影响。多数(超过70%)蚂蚁物种的水平分布、垂直分布和栖息生境都十分有限,生态位极其狭窄,具有极高的保护价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3037022141310302+1 种基金41001026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.DL12CA09)
文摘The Marsh Grassbird Locustella pryeri is an uncommon songbird endemic to East Asia. Suitable nest- site selection can minimize nest loss, especially for open- cup and ground nesting passerines. We located and mon- itored 66 Marsh Grassbird nests during 2004-2006 in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, northeast China, to identify characteristics of preferred nest sites. Marsh Grassbird nested mainly at sites with dense vegetation cover, high undergrowth and dry standing reed stalks, as well as small shallow ponds or rivers. Nests were more successful when they were placed higher above ground in patches with greater litter thickness. Predation and flooding were the leading causes of nest failure, accounting for at least 33 and 25 % of 24 nests lost, respectively. We ad- vocate retention of some unharvested reed patches and implementation of irrigation strategies that avoid increas- ing water levels during the breeding period （May-July） of Marsh Grassbirds.
文摘Background:Nesting trees and habitat represent the key factor underpinning stand selection by forest-dwelling birds.While two large European species–the black stork(Ciconia nigra L.)and white-tailed eagle(Haliaaetus albicilla L.)–are known to require old,large trees for nesting,we sought to investigate further by comparing species requirements at the levels of the nesting tree,nesting stand,and landscape.This entailed a detailed examination of forest features within circles of radius 15 m surrounding 16 and 19 trees holding the nests of storks and eagles respectively.The same parameters were also checked in the vicinity of 50 randomly-selected mature trees.Results:Our results indicate different nesting preferences,with the eagles entirely confining themselves to Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)–a species also chosen by black storks,which nevertheless regularly favour pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.).Both species select trees of greater girth than the random ones,but white-tailed eagles choose to nest in the vicinity of patches of mature old stands with a loose canopy,to the extent that nesting trees and surrounding trees are of similar ages.In contrast,black storks prefer“veteran”trees with low-set crowns that are much older than any others in their vicinity.Nesting trees of the eagles are away from roads and close to lakes,while black storks do not avoid roads.Conclusions:As the ages of nesting trees of both species are greater than ages at final cutting in this region’s managed forest,silvicultural measures will need to be adjusted,with small patches of forest spared,or larger areas as“islands”of old-growth.Likewise,as tending and thinning are engaged in,certain trees with horizontal branches will need to remain,with relict trees also left untouched.As it happens,all of these recommendations are anyway key elements of close-to nature silviculture and multifunctional forestry.
基金supported by the 11th Five-Year National Science and Technology plans to support key project (No. 2008BADB0B01)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670350 and 31070345)
文摘Nest-site selection patterns of Red-crowned cranes（Grus japonensis） and the effects of environmental variables were studied during the years of 2002-2008 in Zhalong Nature Reserve,Qiqihar city,northeast China.The nest-site selection pattern of Red-crowned cranes included two orders and three choices：the choice of nest-site habitat type within the macro-habitat order,nest zone selection and nest-site micro-habitat selection within the micro-habitat order.Various habitats（such as Carex swamps and reed fire districts） can be selected as the nest sites for Red-crowned cranes,of which reed swamps（93.15%） are given a preference.Factor Analysis reveals that the micro-habitat selection are affected by four main factors：fire,security（concealment /disturbance）,incubation（conditions,nest-material）,and food.Further analysis reveals that Red-crowned cranes have certain adaptability to the changes of nesting habitat quality in the Zhalong wetlands.In conclusion,fire,reeds,and water were the most important variables for nest-site habitat selection of Red-crowned Cranes in Zhalong Nature Reserve.
文摘【目的】全面揭示哀牢山国家级自然保护区蚂蚁物种的多样性。【方法】采用样地调查法对该保护区的蚂蚁物种分布格局进行调查。【结果】8个垂直带的58块样地共采集蚂蚁10亚科61属209种。水平分布上,西坡的蚂蚁物种数高于东坡(171 vs 145),西坡特有种64种,东坡特有种38种,东、西坡共有种107种;垂直分布上,东、西坡的蚂蚁物种数均与海拔负相关(西坡R^(2)=0.65,东坡R^(2)=0.63);10类不同生境中,中低海拔的针阔混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中栖息的蚂蚁物种较为丰富(分别为127和104种),高海拔的苔藓矮林中蚂蚁物种最贫乏(3种);觅食和筑巢分析中,土壤为蚂蚁最喜欢的觅食和筑巢场所,其次为地表,最后为植物上。【结论】哀牢山国家级自然保护区资源丰富,植被保护整体良好,孕育着丰富的蚂蚁物种。低海拔的人为干扰对蚂蚁物种有不利影响。多数(超过70%)蚂蚁物种的水平分布、垂直分布和栖息生境都十分有限,生态位极其狭窄,具有极高的保护价值。
