A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of ...A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.展开更多
Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity effica...Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.展开更多
The multi-target assignment(MTA)problem,a crucial challenge in command control,mission planning,and a fundamental research focus in military operations,has garnered significant attention over the years.Extensively stu...The multi-target assignment(MTA)problem,a crucial challenge in command control,mission planning,and a fundamental research focus in military operations,has garnered significant attention over the years.Extensively studied across various domains such as land,sea,air,space,and electronics,the MTA problem has led to the emergence of numerous models and algorithms.To delve deeper into this field,this paper starts by conducting a bibliometric analysis on 463 Scopus database papers using CiteSpace software.The analysis includes examining keyword clustering,co-occurrence,and burst,with visual representations of the results.Following this,the paper provides an overview of current classification and modeling techniques for addressing the MTA problem,distinguishing between static multi-target assignment(SMTA)and dynamic multi-target assignment(DMTA).Subsequently,existing solution algorithms for the MTA problem are reviewed,generally falling into three categories:exact algorithms,heuristic algorithms,and machine learning algorithms.Finally,a development framework is proposed based on the"HIGH"model(high-speed,integrated,great,harmonious)to guide future research and intelligent weapon system development concerning the MTA problem.This framework emphasizes application scenarios,modeling mechanisms,solution algorithms,and system efficiency to offer a roadmap for future exploration in this area.展开更多
Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials(FGCM/FGHCM)were produced by adding B_(4)C,TiO_(2),and B_(4)C+TiO_(2)ceramic materials at various ratios(0-50%)into the AA6082 matrix.The analysis of the damage caused by^...Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials(FGCM/FGHCM)were produced by adding B_(4)C,TiO_(2),and B_(4)C+TiO_(2)ceramic materials at various ratios(0-50%)into the AA6082 matrix.The analysis of the damage caused by^(60) ions'(1.173-1.1332 MeV)on the material was examined using the SRIM/TRIM Monte Carlo simulation software.In the simulation,the following data regarding the atoms of the target materials were obtained:ion distribution,target ionization,total displacements,surface binding energy,lattice binding energy,and displacement energy.Among the studied four materials,the one with the highest ion range value was found to be AA6082 with 8550A.TiO_(2)was found to be the reinforcement material that reduced the ion range the most in the material.Due to its high binding energy,B_(4)C reinforced AA6082+(0-50%)B_(4)C FGCM was found to have the least vacancy with 4782/ion.展开更多
Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To expl...Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To explore the risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviours(ie,suicidal ideation,plans and attempts)in early adolescence in China using a social-ecological perspective.Methods Using data from the cross-sectional project‘Healthy and Risky Behaviours Among Middle School Students in Anhui Province,China',stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 5724 middle school students who had completed self-report questionnaires in November 2020.Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts at four levels,namely individual(sex,academic performance,serious physical llness/disability,history of self-harm,depression,impulsivity,sleep problems,resilience),family(family economic status,relationship with mother,relationship with father,family violence,childhood abuse,parental mental illness),school(relationship with teachers,relationship with classmates,school-bullying victimisation and perpetration)and social(social support,satisfaction with society).Results In total,37.9%,19.0%and 5.5%of the students reported suicidal ideation,plans and attempts in the past 6 months,respectively.The estimated network revealed that suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were collectively associated with a history of self-harm,sleep problems,childhood abuse,school bullying and victimisation.Centrality analysis indicated that the most influential nodes in the network were history of self-harm and childhood abuse.Notably,the network also showed unique correlates of suicidal ideation(sex,weight=0.60;impulsivity,weight=0.24;family violence,weight=0.17;relationship with teachers,weight=-0.03;school-bullying perpetration,weight=0.22),suicidal plans(social support,weight=-0.15)and suicidal attempts(relationship with mother,weight=-0.10;parental mental llness,weight=0.61).Conclusions This study identified the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts,and provided practical implications for suicide prevention for young adolescents in China.Firstly,this study highlighted the importance of joint interventions across multiple departments.Secondly,the common risk factors of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were elucidated.Thirdly,this study proposed target interventions to address the unique influencing factors of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts.展开更多
Background The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)and its symptoms among the bereaved population in China vary considerably.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of PGD and its symptoms among...Background The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)and its symptoms among the bereaved population in China vary considerably.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of PGD and its symptoms among bereaved individuals in China.Methods We conducted a literature search in major Chinese and English databases from their inception to 4 October 2023,for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of PGD or its symptoms in bereaved Chinese individuals.The risk of bias of the included studies and certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data(‘JBI checklist’)and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE),respectively.The‘metaprop’package in R V.4.1.2 was used to synthesise the prevalence.Results A total of 28 studies involving 10994 bereaved individuals were included in the analysis,with JBI checklist scores between 3 and 7.The combined prevalence(95%confidence interval)of PGD and its symptoms was 8.9%(4.2%to 17.6%)and 32.4%(18.2%to 50.8%),respectively.PGD and its symptoms were most prevalent among those who had lost their only child(22.7%)and those bereaved by earthquakes(80.4%),respectively.The GRADE system assigned a very low certainty level to the evidence for the pooled prevalence of PGD and its symptoms.Conclusions The pooled prevalence of PGD and its symptoms indicate a potential high need for grief counselling services among bereaved individuals in China.This need is particularly pronounced in those who have lost their only child and those bereaved due to earthquakes.Further methodologically rigorous studies are needed to provide more accurate prevalence estimates.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023432553.展开更多
The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the...The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the length of 500 mm is established, with a semicircular cross section in a diameter of 1.2 mm.Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the flow and heat transfer performance of supercritical methane in the channel. The pseudo-boiling theory is adopted and the liquid-like, two-phase-like, and vapor-like regimes are divided for supercritical methane to analyze the heat transfer and flow features.The results are presented in micro segment to show the local convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. It shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient in segments along the channel has a significant peak feature near the pseudo-critical point and a heat transfer deterioration when the average fluid temperature in the segment is higher than the pseudo-critical point. The reason is explained with the generation of vapor-like film near the channel wall that the peak feature related to a nucleateboiling-like state and heat transfer deterioration related to a film-boiling-like state. The effects of parameters, including mass flow rate, pressure, and wall heat flux on flow and heat transfer were analyzed.In calculating of the averaged heat transfer coefficient of the whole channel, the traditional method shows significant deviation and the micro segment weighted average method is adopted. The pressure drop can mainly be affected by the mass flux and pressure and little affected by the wall heat flux. The peak of the convective heat transfer coefficient can only form at high mass flux, low wall heat flux, and near critical pressure, in which condition the nucleate-boiling-like state is easier to appear. Moreover,heat transfer deterioration will always appear, since the supercritical flow will finally develop into a filmboiling-like state. So heat transfer deterioration should be taken seriously in the design and safe operation of vaporizer PCHE. The study of this work clarified the local heat transfer and flow feature of supercritical methane in microchannel and contributed to the deep understanding of supercritical methane flow of the vaporization process in PCHE.展开更多
BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clini...BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute poisoning whose exposure history was uncertain from a toxicological analysis perspective.METHODS:This was a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning.Patient registration information and test reports spanning the period from April 1,2020 to March 31,2022,were obtained.Patients with uncertain exposure histories and who underwent toxicological analysis were included.Clinical manifestations and categories of toxics were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 195 patients with positive toxicological analysis results,the main causes of uncertain exposure history was disturbance of consciousness(62.6%),unawareness(23.6%)and unwillingness or lack of cooperation(13.8%).The predominant clinical manifestations were disturbed consciousness(62.6%),followed by vomiting and nausea(14.4%)and liver function abnormalities(8.7%).A comparison of clinical manifestations between patients with positive and negative(n=99)toxicological analyses results revealed significantly different proportions of disturbances in consciousness(63%vs.21%),dizziness(1.5%vs.5.1%),multi-organ failure(1.5%vs.7.1%),and local pain(0 vs 4%).The main categories of substances involved were psychiatric medications(23.1%),sedatives(20.5%),insecticides(13.8%),and herbicides(12.8%).CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning in patients with an uncertain exposure history are diverse and nonspecific,and toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such patients.展开更多
Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate...Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.展开更多
Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides minin...Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.展开更多
Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Ba...Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Based on system and control theories,System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes(STAMP)is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis.In this paper,we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems.Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game.Game theory can,thus,be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders.Subsequently,we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities.The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity,and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity.The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities.The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement,to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk.展开更多
Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic netw...Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.展开更多
The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Max...The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.展开更多
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has become a widely used atomic spectroscopic technique for rapid coal analysis.However,the vast amount of spectral information in LIBS contains signal uncertainty,which can a...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has become a widely used atomic spectroscopic technique for rapid coal analysis.However,the vast amount of spectral information in LIBS contains signal uncertainty,which can affect its quantification performance.In this work,we propose a hybrid variable selection method to improve the performance of LIBS quantification.Important variables are first identified using Pearson's correlation coefficient,mutual information,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and random forest,and then filtered and combined with empirical variables related to fingerprint elements of coal ash content.Subsequently,these variables are fed into a partial least squares regression(PLSR).Additionally,in some models,certain variables unrelated to ash content are removed manually to study the impact of variable deselection on model performance.The proposed hybrid strategy was tested on three LIBS datasets for quantitative analysis of coal ash content and compared with the corresponding data-driven baseline method.It is significantly better than the variable selection only method based on empirical knowledge and in most cases outperforms the baseline method.The results showed that on all three datasets the hybrid strategy for variable selection combining empirical knowledge and data-driven algorithms achieved the lowest root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)values of 1.605,3.478 and 1.647,respectively,which were significantly lower than those obtained from multiple linear regression using only 12 empirical variables,which are 1.959,3.718 and 2.181,respectively.The LASSO-PLSR model with empirical support and 20 selected variables exhibited a significantly improved performance after variable deselection,with RMSEP values dropping from 1.635,3.962 and 1.647 to 1.483,3.086 and 1.567,respectively.Such results demonstrate that using empirical knowledge as a support for datadriven variable selection can be a viable approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of LIBS quantification.展开更多
Understanding the steady mechanism of biomass smoldering plays a great role in the utilization of smoldering technology.In this study numerical analysis of steady smoldering of biomass rods was performed.A two-dimensi...Understanding the steady mechanism of biomass smoldering plays a great role in the utilization of smoldering technology.In this study numerical analysis of steady smoldering of biomass rods was performed.A two-dimensional(2D)steady model taking into account both char oxidation and pyrolysis was developed on the basis of a calculated propagation velocity according to empirical correlation.The model was validated against the smoldering experiment of biomass rods under natural conditions,and the maximum error was smaller than 31%.Parameter sensitivity analysis found that propagation velocity decreases significantly while oxidation area and pyrolysis zone increase significantly with the increasing diameter of rod fuel.展开更多
The heavy water-moderated molten salt reactor(HWMSR)is a newly proposed reactor concept,in which heavy water is adopted as the moderator and molten salt dissolved with fissile and fertile elements is used as the fuel....The heavy water-moderated molten salt reactor(HWMSR)is a newly proposed reactor concept,in which heavy water is adopted as the moderator and molten salt dissolved with fissile and fertile elements is used as the fuel.Issues arising from graphite in traditional molten salt reactors,including the positive temperature coefficient and management of highly radio-active spent graphite waste,can be addressed using the HWMSR.Until now,research on the HWMSR has been centered on the core design and nuclear fuel cycle to explore the viability of the HWMSR and its advantages in fuel utilization.However,the core safety of the HWMSR has not been extensively studied.Therefore,we evaluate typical accidents in a small modular HWMSR,including fuel salt inlet temperature overcooling and overheating accidents,fuel salt inlet flow rate decrease,heavy water inlet temperature overcooling accidents,and heavy water inlet mass flow rate decrease accidents,based on a neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled code.The results demonstrated that the core maintained safety during the investigated accidents.展开更多
Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact,rendering their associations controversial.To date,their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored.Aims To ...Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact,rendering their associations controversial.To date,their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored.Aims To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function,their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and all-cause death in older adults.Methods Data were from the Health and Retirement Study.Depressive symptoms and cognitive function were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status,respectively.All-cause dementia and AD were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnoses.All-cause death was determined by interviews.The restricted cubic spline,group-based trajectory modelling and subdistribution hazard regression were used.Results Significant interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in 2010 in their association with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD from 2010 to 2020 were found,especially in women(p for interaction<0.05).Independent trajectory analysis showed that emerging or high(vs no)depressive trajectories and poor or rapidly decreased cognitive trajectories(vs very good)from 1996 to 2010 were at significantly higher risk of subsequent all-cause dementia,AD and all-cause death.15 joint trajectories of depressive symptoms and cognitive function from 1996 to 2010 were determined,where rapidly decreased cognitive function was more common in those with no depressive symptoms.Compared with older adults with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms and very good cognitive function,those with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms but rapidly decreased cognitive function were much more likely to develop new-onset all-cause dementia and death,with subdistribution hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)of 4.47(2.99 to 6.67)and 1.84(1.43 to 2.36),especially in women.Conclusions To effectively mitigate the risk of dementia and death,it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of preventing cognitive decline in older adults without depressive symptoms,particularly in women.展开更多
Background Major depressive disorders(MDDs)impose substantial burdens on individuals and society;however,further detailed analysis is still needed for its long-term trends.Aims This study aimed to analyse the gender-s...Background Major depressive disorders(MDDs)impose substantial burdens on individuals and society;however,further detailed analysis is still needed for its long-term trends.Aims This study aimed to analyse the gender-specific temporal trends and cohort variations of MDD incidence among Chinese residents over the past three decades.Methods Employing the age-period-cohort-interaction model and leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,this research identified and analysed incidence trends of MDD among Chinese males and females aged 5-94 years from 1990 to 2019 across three dimensions,encompassing age,period and birth cohort.Results The analysis reveals age-related effects,indicating heightened MDD risk among adolescents and older adults.Specifically,individuals entering the older adulthood at the age of 65-69 significantly increased the risk of MDD by 64.9%.People aged 90-94 years witnesseda 105.4%increase in MDD risk for the overall population,with females and males in this age group experiencing a 75.1%and 103.4%increase,respectively.In terms of period effects,the risk of MDD displayed a decline from 1990 to 1994,followed by a rebound in 2008.Cohort effects demonstrated diverse generational patterns,with generationⅠand generationⅢmanifesting opposing‘age-as-level'trends.GenerationⅡand generationⅣexhibited'cumulative disadvantage'and'cumulative advantage'patterns,respectively.Age effects indicated an overall higher risk of MDD incidence in females,while cohort effects showed greater variations of MDD incidence among females.Conclusions The study underscores the substantial effects of age,period and cohort on MDD across genders in China.Priority interventions targeting vulnerable populations,including children,adolescents,older adults,females and the post-millennium birth cohort,are crucial to mitigate the impact of MDD.展开更多
To the editor:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is defined as direct,repetitive self-injury to bodily tissues without suicidal intent. The estimated prevalence of NsSI among adolescents is 17.2%worldwide with a comparable...To the editor:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is defined as direct,repetitive self-injury to bodily tissues without suicidal intent. The estimated prevalence of NsSI among adolescents is 17.2%worldwide with a comparable rate observed in China. As a behavioural addiction, NSSI poses a significant suicide risk,and is emerging as a major mental health problem among adolescents.To unravel this puzzle,the four-function model(FFM)distinguishes between interpersonal and intrapersonal functions,as well as positive and negative reinforcement functions,proving relatively comprehensive among various theoretical models.展开更多
Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health disorders.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and de...Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health disorders.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected regions.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant studies.Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical analysis.Results The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for inclusion.The included studies comprised data from 64596 participants.We estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted civilians.The subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/middle-incomecountries.Conclusions The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health outcomes.Hence,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.展开更多
基金Supported by the Project of Ministry of Education and Finance(No.200512)the Project of the State Key Laboratory of ocean engineering(GKZD010053-10)
文摘A new multi-level analysis method of introducing the super-element modeling method, derived from the multi-level analysis method first proposed by O. F. Hughes, has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of high time cost in adopting a rational-based optimal design method for ship structural design. Furthermore,the method was verified by its effective application in optimization of the mid-ship section of a container ship. A full 3-D FEM model of a ship,suffering static and quasi-static loads, was used as the analyzing object for evaluating the structural performance of the mid-ship module, including static strength and buckling performance. Research results reveal that this new method could substantially reduce the computational cost of the rational-based optimization problem without decreasing its accuracy, which increases the feasibility and economic efficiency of using a rational-based optimal design method in ship structural design.
基金The financial support received from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022,WDZC20200821141349001)Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Startup Fund(21310041,S234602003)。
文摘Pu-erh tea,a traditional Chinese beverage,performs an anti-obesity function,but the correlation between its components and efficacy remains unknown.Here,we screened two Pu-erh teas with significant anti-obesity efficacies from 11 teas.In vitro experiments revealed that lipid accumulation in L02 cells and lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly better inhibited by Tea-B than Tea-A.Further in vivo experiments using model mice revealed that the differences in chemical components generated two pathways in the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of Pu-erh teas.Tea-A changes the histomorphology of brown adipose tissue(BAT)and increases the abundance of Coriobacteriaceae_UCG_002 and cyclic AMP in guts through high chemical contents of cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl,tridecane and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene,eventually increasing BAT activation and fat browning gene expression;the high content of hexadecane and 1,2-dimethoxybenzene in Tea-B reduces white adipose tissue(WAT)accumulation and the process of fatty liver,increases the abundance of Odoribacter and sphinganine 1-phosphate,inhibits the expression of lipid synthesis and transport genes.These mechanistic findings on the association of the representative bioactive components in Pu-erh teas with the anti-obesity phenotypes,gut microbes,gut metabolite structure and anti-obesity pathways,which were obtained for the first time,provide foundations for developing functional Pu-erh tea.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.62173274)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0405300)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2021JJ10045)the Practice and Innovation Funds for Graduate Students of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.PF2023046)the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(Grant No.ZBKF-24-01)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20240989)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M754304)。
文摘The multi-target assignment(MTA)problem,a crucial challenge in command control,mission planning,and a fundamental research focus in military operations,has garnered significant attention over the years.Extensively studied across various domains such as land,sea,air,space,and electronics,the MTA problem has led to the emergence of numerous models and algorithms.To delve deeper into this field,this paper starts by conducting a bibliometric analysis on 463 Scopus database papers using CiteSpace software.The analysis includes examining keyword clustering,co-occurrence,and burst,with visual representations of the results.Following this,the paper provides an overview of current classification and modeling techniques for addressing the MTA problem,distinguishing between static multi-target assignment(SMTA)and dynamic multi-target assignment(DMTA).Subsequently,existing solution algorithms for the MTA problem are reviewed,generally falling into three categories:exact algorithms,heuristic algorithms,and machine learning algorithms.Finally,a development framework is proposed based on the"HIGH"model(high-speed,integrated,great,harmonious)to guide future research and intelligent weapon system development concerning the MTA problem.This framework emphasizes application scenarios,modeling mechanisms,solution algorithms,and system efficiency to offer a roadmap for future exploration in this area.
基金the Scientific Research Projects Office of Gazi University,Turkiye(Grant Nos.FGA-2022-7521 and FKA-2023-8617)the financial support of TUBITAK 2211-C and YOK 100/2000 programs。
文摘Functionally graded composite/hybrid materials(FGCM/FGHCM)were produced by adding B_(4)C,TiO_(2),and B_(4)C+TiO_(2)ceramic materials at various ratios(0-50%)into the AA6082 matrix.The analysis of the damage caused by^(60) ions'(1.173-1.1332 MeV)on the material was examined using the SRIM/TRIM Monte Carlo simulation software.In the simulation,the following data regarding the atoms of the target materials were obtained:ion distribution,target ionization,total displacements,surface binding energy,lattice binding energy,and displacement energy.Among the studied four materials,the one with the highest ion range value was found to be AA6082 with 8550A.TiO_(2)was found to be the reinforcement material that reduced the ion range the most in the material.Due to its high binding energy,B_(4)C reinforced AA6082+(0-50%)B_(4)C FGCM was found to have the least vacancy with 4782/ion.
文摘Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To explore the risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviours(ie,suicidal ideation,plans and attempts)in early adolescence in China using a social-ecological perspective.Methods Using data from the cross-sectional project‘Healthy and Risky Behaviours Among Middle School Students in Anhui Province,China',stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 5724 middle school students who had completed self-report questionnaires in November 2020.Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts at four levels,namely individual(sex,academic performance,serious physical llness/disability,history of self-harm,depression,impulsivity,sleep problems,resilience),family(family economic status,relationship with mother,relationship with father,family violence,childhood abuse,parental mental illness),school(relationship with teachers,relationship with classmates,school-bullying victimisation and perpetration)and social(social support,satisfaction with society).Results In total,37.9%,19.0%and 5.5%of the students reported suicidal ideation,plans and attempts in the past 6 months,respectively.The estimated network revealed that suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were collectively associated with a history of self-harm,sleep problems,childhood abuse,school bullying and victimisation.Centrality analysis indicated that the most influential nodes in the network were history of self-harm and childhood abuse.Notably,the network also showed unique correlates of suicidal ideation(sex,weight=0.60;impulsivity,weight=0.24;family violence,weight=0.17;relationship with teachers,weight=-0.03;school-bullying perpetration,weight=0.22),suicidal plans(social support,weight=-0.15)and suicidal attempts(relationship with mother,weight=-0.10;parental mental llness,weight=0.61).Conclusions This study identified the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts,and provided practical implications for suicide prevention for young adolescents in China.Firstly,this study highlighted the importance of joint interventions across multiple departments.Secondly,the common risk factors of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were elucidated.Thirdly,this study proposed target interventions to address the unique influencing factors of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:71774060)2015 Irma and Paul Milstein Program for Senior Health Awards from the Milstein Medical Asian American Partnership Foundation,the Young Top Talent Program in Public Health from Health Commission of Hubei Province(grant number:EWEITONG[2021]74,PI:B-LZ)Wuhan Health and Family Planning Commission(grant numbers:WX17Q30,WG16A02,WG14C24).The funding sources listed had no role in the study design,the collection,analysis and interpretation of data,the writing of the report,and the decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘Background The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)and its symptoms among the bereaved population in China vary considerably.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of PGD and its symptoms among bereaved individuals in China.Methods We conducted a literature search in major Chinese and English databases from their inception to 4 October 2023,for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of PGD or its symptoms in bereaved Chinese individuals.The risk of bias of the included studies and certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data(‘JBI checklist’)and the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE),respectively.The‘metaprop’package in R V.4.1.2 was used to synthesise the prevalence.Results A total of 28 studies involving 10994 bereaved individuals were included in the analysis,with JBI checklist scores between 3 and 7.The combined prevalence(95%confidence interval)of PGD and its symptoms was 8.9%(4.2%to 17.6%)and 32.4%(18.2%to 50.8%),respectively.PGD and its symptoms were most prevalent among those who had lost their only child(22.7%)and those bereaved by earthquakes(80.4%),respectively.The GRADE system assigned a very low certainty level to the evidence for the pooled prevalence of PGD and its symptoms.Conclusions The pooled prevalence of PGD and its symptoms indicate a potential high need for grief counselling services among bereaved individuals in China.This need is particularly pronounced in those who have lost their only child and those bereaved due to earthquakes.Further methodologically rigorous studies are needed to provide more accurate prevalence estimates.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023432553.
基金provided by Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province(No.20230101338JC)。
文摘The printed circuit heat exchanger(PCHE) is receiving wide attention as a new kind of compact heat exchanger and is considered as a promising vaporizer in the LNG process. In this paper, a PCHE straight channel in the length of 500 mm is established, with a semicircular cross section in a diameter of 1.2 mm.Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the flow and heat transfer performance of supercritical methane in the channel. The pseudo-boiling theory is adopted and the liquid-like, two-phase-like, and vapor-like regimes are divided for supercritical methane to analyze the heat transfer and flow features.The results are presented in micro segment to show the local convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. It shows that the convective heat transfer coefficient in segments along the channel has a significant peak feature near the pseudo-critical point and a heat transfer deterioration when the average fluid temperature in the segment is higher than the pseudo-critical point. The reason is explained with the generation of vapor-like film near the channel wall that the peak feature related to a nucleateboiling-like state and heat transfer deterioration related to a film-boiling-like state. The effects of parameters, including mass flow rate, pressure, and wall heat flux on flow and heat transfer were analyzed.In calculating of the averaged heat transfer coefficient of the whole channel, the traditional method shows significant deviation and the micro segment weighted average method is adopted. The pressure drop can mainly be affected by the mass flux and pressure and little affected by the wall heat flux. The peak of the convective heat transfer coefficient can only form at high mass flux, low wall heat flux, and near critical pressure, in which condition the nucleate-boiling-like state is easier to appear. Moreover,heat transfer deterioration will always appear, since the supercritical flow will finally develop into a filmboiling-like state. So heat transfer deterioration should be taken seriously in the design and safe operation of vaporizer PCHE. The study of this work clarified the local heat transfer and flow feature of supercritical methane in microchannel and contributed to the deep understanding of supercritical methane flow of the vaporization process in PCHE.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172184)。
文摘BACKGROUND:In clinical practice,some patients might not be able or unwilling to provide a thorough history of medication and poison exposure.The aim of this study was to use toxicological analysis to examine the clinical characteristics of patients with acute poisoning whose exposure history was uncertain from a toxicological analysis perspective.METHODS:This was a retrospective and descriptive study from an institute of poisoning.Patient registration information and test reports spanning the period from April 1,2020 to March 31,2022,were obtained.Patients with uncertain exposure histories and who underwent toxicological analysis were included.Clinical manifestations and categories of toxics were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 195 patients with positive toxicological analysis results,the main causes of uncertain exposure history was disturbance of consciousness(62.6%),unawareness(23.6%)and unwillingness or lack of cooperation(13.8%).The predominant clinical manifestations were disturbed consciousness(62.6%),followed by vomiting and nausea(14.4%)and liver function abnormalities(8.7%).A comparison of clinical manifestations between patients with positive and negative(n=99)toxicological analyses results revealed significantly different proportions of disturbances in consciousness(63%vs.21%),dizziness(1.5%vs.5.1%),multi-organ failure(1.5%vs.7.1%),and local pain(0 vs 4%).The main categories of substances involved were psychiatric medications(23.1%),sedatives(20.5%),insecticides(13.8%),and herbicides(12.8%).CONCLUSION:The clinical manifestations of acute poisoning in patients with an uncertain exposure history are diverse and nonspecific,and toxicological analysis plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of such patients.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127106)。
文摘Free cholesterol has been considered to be a critical risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).It remains unknown whether dietary intake of condensed tannins(CTs)have distinguishable effects to alleviate liver damage caused by a high cholesterol diet.Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks,and given CTs treatment at a dosage of 200 mg/(kg·day)at the same time.The results indicated that compared with mice fed a normal diet,a high cholesterol diet group resulted in significant weight loss,dysregulation of lipid metabolism in blood and liver,and oxidative stress in the liver,but CTs treatment dramatically reversed these negative effects.Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining and frozen section observation manifested that CTs treatment could effectively reduce the deposition of liver cholesterol and tissue necrosis caused by high cholesterol intake.CTs alleviated liver injury mainly by regulating the expression of related genes in cholesterol metabolism pathway and AMPK phosphorylation.Our results confirmed that CTs have remarkable cholesterol lowering and anti-liver injury effects in vivo.
基金funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(KCXFZ20201221173207022)。
文摘Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52004030)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KM202310016003)the Exchange Program of High-end Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.G2022178013L)。
文摘Accidents in engineered systems are usually generated by complex socio-technical factors.It is beneficial to investigate the increasing complexity and coupling of these factors from the perspective of system safety.Based on system and control theories,System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes(STAMP)is a widely recognized approach for accident analysis.In this paper,we propose a STAMP-Game model to analyze accidents in oil and gas storage and transportation systems.Stakeholders in accident analysis by STAMP can be regarded as players of a game.Game theory can,thus,be adopted in accident analysis to depict the competition and cooperation between stakeholders.Subsequently,we established a game model to study the strategies of both supervisory and supervised entities.The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed game model allows for identifying the effectiveness deficiency of the supervisory entity,and the safety and protection altitudes of the supervised entity.The STAMP-Game model can generate quantitative parameters for supporting the behavior and strategy selections of the supervisory and supervised entities.The quantitative data obtained can be used to guide the safety improvement,to reduce the costs of safety regulation violation and accident risk.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001728).
文摘Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205330)。
文摘The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62205172)Huaneng Group Science and Technology Research Project(No.HNKJ22-H105)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program and the International Joint Mission on Climate Change and Carbon Neutrality。
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has become a widely used atomic spectroscopic technique for rapid coal analysis.However,the vast amount of spectral information in LIBS contains signal uncertainty,which can affect its quantification performance.In this work,we propose a hybrid variable selection method to improve the performance of LIBS quantification.Important variables are first identified using Pearson's correlation coefficient,mutual information,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and random forest,and then filtered and combined with empirical variables related to fingerprint elements of coal ash content.Subsequently,these variables are fed into a partial least squares regression(PLSR).Additionally,in some models,certain variables unrelated to ash content are removed manually to study the impact of variable deselection on model performance.The proposed hybrid strategy was tested on three LIBS datasets for quantitative analysis of coal ash content and compared with the corresponding data-driven baseline method.It is significantly better than the variable selection only method based on empirical knowledge and in most cases outperforms the baseline method.The results showed that on all three datasets the hybrid strategy for variable selection combining empirical knowledge and data-driven algorithms achieved the lowest root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)values of 1.605,3.478 and 1.647,respectively,which were significantly lower than those obtained from multiple linear regression using only 12 empirical variables,which are 1.959,3.718 and 2.181,respectively.The LASSO-PLSR model with empirical support and 20 selected variables exhibited a significantly improved performance after variable deselection,with RMSEP values dropping from 1.635,3.962 and 1.647 to 1.483,3.086 and 1.567,respectively.Such results demonstrate that using empirical knowledge as a support for datadriven variable selection can be a viable approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of LIBS quantification.
文摘Understanding the steady mechanism of biomass smoldering plays a great role in the utilization of smoldering technology.In this study numerical analysis of steady smoldering of biomass rods was performed.A two-dimensional(2D)steady model taking into account both char oxidation and pyrolysis was developed on the basis of a calculated propagation velocity according to empirical correlation.The model was validated against the smoldering experiment of biomass rods under natural conditions,and the maximum error was smaller than 31%.Parameter sensitivity analysis found that propagation velocity decreases significantly while oxidation area and pyrolysis zone increase significantly with the increasing diameter of rod fuel.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11905285)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1468700)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2022258).
文摘The heavy water-moderated molten salt reactor(HWMSR)is a newly proposed reactor concept,in which heavy water is adopted as the moderator and molten salt dissolved with fissile and fertile elements is used as the fuel.Issues arising from graphite in traditional molten salt reactors,including the positive temperature coefficient and management of highly radio-active spent graphite waste,can be addressed using the HWMSR.Until now,research on the HWMSR has been centered on the core design and nuclear fuel cycle to explore the viability of the HWMSR and its advantages in fuel utilization.However,the core safety of the HWMSR has not been extensively studied.Therefore,we evaluate typical accidents in a small modular HWMSR,including fuel salt inlet temperature overcooling and overheating accidents,fuel salt inlet flow rate decrease,heavy water inlet temperature overcooling accidents,and heavy water inlet mass flow rate decrease accidents,based on a neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupled code.The results demonstrated that the core maintained safety during the investigated accidents.
基金This study is funded by the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(21&ZD187).
文摘Background Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often interact,rendering their associations controversial.To date,their joint trajectories and associations with dementia and death remain underexplored.Aims To explore the interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function,their developmental trajectories and the associations with all-cause dementia,Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and all-cause death in older adults.Methods Data were from the Health and Retirement Study.Depressive symptoms and cognitive function were measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status,respectively.All-cause dementia and AD were defined by self-reported or proxy-reported physician diagnoses.All-cause death was determined by interviews.The restricted cubic spline,group-based trajectory modelling and subdistribution hazard regression were used.Results Significant interactions between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in 2010 in their association with new-onset all-cause dementia and AD from 2010 to 2020 were found,especially in women(p for interaction<0.05).Independent trajectory analysis showed that emerging or high(vs no)depressive trajectories and poor or rapidly decreased cognitive trajectories(vs very good)from 1996 to 2010 were at significantly higher risk of subsequent all-cause dementia,AD and all-cause death.15 joint trajectories of depressive symptoms and cognitive function from 1996 to 2010 were determined,where rapidly decreased cognitive function was more common in those with no depressive symptoms.Compared with older adults with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms and very good cognitive function,those with the trajectory of no depressive symptoms but rapidly decreased cognitive function were much more likely to develop new-onset all-cause dementia and death,with subdistribution hazard ratios(95%confidence intervals)of 4.47(2.99 to 6.67)and 1.84(1.43 to 2.36),especially in women.Conclusions To effectively mitigate the risk of dementia and death,it is crucial to acknowledge the importance of preventing cognitive decline in older adults without depressive symptoms,particularly in women.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82103955)the Cyrus Tang Foundation(grant number 050459)the Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number 7100604313).
文摘Background Major depressive disorders(MDDs)impose substantial burdens on individuals and society;however,further detailed analysis is still needed for its long-term trends.Aims This study aimed to analyse the gender-specific temporal trends and cohort variations of MDD incidence among Chinese residents over the past three decades.Methods Employing the age-period-cohort-interaction model and leveraging data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,this research identified and analysed incidence trends of MDD among Chinese males and females aged 5-94 years from 1990 to 2019 across three dimensions,encompassing age,period and birth cohort.Results The analysis reveals age-related effects,indicating heightened MDD risk among adolescents and older adults.Specifically,individuals entering the older adulthood at the age of 65-69 significantly increased the risk of MDD by 64.9%.People aged 90-94 years witnesseda 105.4%increase in MDD risk for the overall population,with females and males in this age group experiencing a 75.1%and 103.4%increase,respectively.In terms of period effects,the risk of MDD displayed a decline from 1990 to 1994,followed by a rebound in 2008.Cohort effects demonstrated diverse generational patterns,with generationⅠand generationⅢmanifesting opposing‘age-as-level'trends.GenerationⅡand generationⅣexhibited'cumulative disadvantage'and'cumulative advantage'patterns,respectively.Age effects indicated an overall higher risk of MDD incidence in females,while cohort effects showed greater variations of MDD incidence among females.Conclusions The study underscores the substantial effects of age,period and cohort on MDD across genders in China.Priority interventions targeting vulnerable populations,including children,adolescents,older adults,females and the post-millennium birth cohort,are crucial to mitigate the impact of MDD.
文摘To the editor:Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is defined as direct,repetitive self-injury to bodily tissues without suicidal intent. The estimated prevalence of NsSI among adolescents is 17.2%worldwide with a comparable rate observed in China. As a behavioural addiction, NSSI poses a significant suicide risk,and is emerging as a major mental health problem among adolescents.To unravel this puzzle,the four-function model(FFM)distinguishes between interpersonal and intrapersonal functions,as well as positive and negative reinforcement functions,proving relatively comprehensive among various theoretical models.
文摘Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health disorders.Aims This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected regions.Methods This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant studies.Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical analysis.Results The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for inclusion.The included studies comprised data from 64596 participants.We estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted civilians.The subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/middle-incomecountries.Conclusions The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health outcomes.Hence,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.
