The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function （MTF） of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs（100）-oriented atomic configuration and the fo...The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function （MTF） of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs（100）-oriented atomic configuration and the formula for the ionized impurity scattering of the non-equilibrium carriers, this paper calculates the trajectories of photoelectrons in a photocathode. Thus the distribution of photoelectron spots on the emit-face is obtained, which is namely the point spread function. The MTF is obtained by Fourier transfer of the line spread function obtained from the point spread function. The MTF obtained from these calculations is shown to depend heavily on the electron diffusion length, and enhanced considerably by decreasing the electron diffusion length and increasing the doping concentration. Furthermore, the resolution is enhanced considerably by increasing the active-layer thickness, especially at high spatial frequencies. The best spatial resolution is 860 lp/mm, for the GaAs photocathode of doping concentration 1 ×10^19 cm 3 electron diffusion length 3.6 μm and the active-layer thickness 2 μm, under the 633-nm light irradiated. This research will contribute to the future improvement of the cathode＇s resolution for preparing a high performance GaAs photocathode, and improve the resolution of a low light level image intensifier.展开更多
The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic gr...The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function （MTF） measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.展开更多
Commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) requires the development of high-efficiency devices with none current density-voltage(J-V) hysteresis. Here, electron transport layers(ETLs) with gradual change in wor...Commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) requires the development of high-efficiency devices with none current density-voltage(J-V) hysteresis. Here, electron transport layers(ETLs) with gradual change in work function(WF) are successfully fabricated and employed as an ideal model to investigate the energy barriers, charge transfer and recombination kinetics at ETL/perovskite interface. The energy barrier for electron injection existing at ETL/perovskite is directly assessed by surface photovoltage microscopy, and the results demonstrate the tunable barriers have significant impact on the J-V hysteresis and performance of PSCs. By work function engineering of ETL, PSCs exhibit PCEs over 21% with negligible hysteresis. These results provide a critical understanding of the origin reason for hysteresis effect in planar PSCs, and clear reveal that the J-V hysteresis can be effectively suppressed by carefully tuning the interface features in PSCs. By extending this strategy to a modified formamidinium-cesium-rubidium(FA-Cs-Rb) perovskite system, the PCEs are further boosted to 24.18%. Moreover, 5 cm × 5 cm perovskite mini-modules are also fabricated with an impressive efficiency of 20.07%, demonstrating compatibility and effectiveness of our strategy on upscaled devices.展开更多
中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）的监测一直是研究的难题。现提出的方法解决了中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器MTF监测的关键技术。考虑到卫星遥感器的最终产物是遥感图像，从图像信息...中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）的监测一直是研究的难题。现提出的方法解决了中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器MTF监测的关键技术。考虑到卫星遥感器的最终产物是遥感图像，从图像信息理解的三要素出发，即灰度、纹理和边缘，分析图像三要素与遥感器MTF的关系。在分析过程中，应用主成分分析方法，不仅对多组原始数据进行了简化，而且对图像参数进行了降维。通过与其它方法的比较，进一步验证了使用主成分分析方法降维的有效性；同时实验结果亦表明了主成分分析方法的可靠性。最后建立了图像单个综合参数与MTF的关系模型，拟合结果说明，此模型能较好地表达图像参数与MTF之间的关系，这将为在轨运行条件下的建模提供十分重要的技术支持。展开更多
文章从边缘的角度出发,分析红外遥感图像质量的评价参数———边缘信号能量与调制传递函数MTF(Modulation Transfer Function)的关系。实验结果表明边缘信号能量能很好地反映MTF的变化,并针对某一特定地物建立实验室条件下边缘信号能量...文章从边缘的角度出发,分析红外遥感图像质量的评价参数———边缘信号能量与调制传递函数MTF(Modulation Transfer Function)的关系。实验结果表明边缘信号能量能很好地反映MTF的变化,并针对某一特定地物建立实验室条件下边缘信号能量与MTF的数学关系模型。展开更多
调制传递函数(MTF,Modulation Transfer Function)在轨测试是监测航天光学遥感器在轨运行性能的重要指标。准确把握遥感成像系统MTF在运行过程中的变化,关系到遥感数据资源的合理及有效利用。文章对刃边法测试MTF的原理及仿真算法进行...调制传递函数(MTF,Modulation Transfer Function)在轨测试是监测航天光学遥感器在轨运行性能的重要指标。准确把握遥感成像系统MTF在运行过程中的变化,关系到遥感数据资源的合理及有效利用。文章对刃边法测试MTF的原理及仿真算法进行了阐述,重点对刃边倾角、辐射定标和刃边图像的对比度对MTF测试精度的影响进行了仿真分析。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60678043)the Research and Innovation Plan for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China (Grant No. CX09B 096Z)
文摘The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function （MTF） of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs（100）-oriented atomic configuration and the formula for the ionized impurity scattering of the non-equilibrium carriers, this paper calculates the trajectories of photoelectrons in a photocathode. Thus the distribution of photoelectron spots on the emit-face is obtained, which is namely the point spread function. The MTF is obtained by Fourier transfer of the line spread function obtained from the point spread function. The MTF obtained from these calculations is shown to depend heavily on the electron diffusion length, and enhanced considerably by decreasing the electron diffusion length and increasing the doping concentration. Furthermore, the resolution is enhanced considerably by increasing the active-layer thickness, especially at high spatial frequencies. The best spatial resolution is 860 lp/mm, for the GaAs photocathode of doping concentration 1 ×10^19 cm 3 electron diffusion length 3.6 μm and the active-layer thickness 2 μm, under the 633-nm light irradiated. This research will contribute to the future improvement of the cathode＇s resolution for preparing a high performance GaAs photocathode, and improve the resolution of a low light level image intensifier.
基金supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGFZD-125-13-006)
文摘The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function （OTF） is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering （MCSS） method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation （RTE） under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function （MTF） measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. NSFC62004182)the Career Development Grant of Institute of Chemical Materials (Grant No. STB-2021-10)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2022JDRC0021)。
文摘Commercialization of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) requires the development of high-efficiency devices with none current density-voltage(J-V) hysteresis. Here, electron transport layers(ETLs) with gradual change in work function(WF) are successfully fabricated and employed as an ideal model to investigate the energy barriers, charge transfer and recombination kinetics at ETL/perovskite interface. The energy barrier for electron injection existing at ETL/perovskite is directly assessed by surface photovoltage microscopy, and the results demonstrate the tunable barriers have significant impact on the J-V hysteresis and performance of PSCs. By work function engineering of ETL, PSCs exhibit PCEs over 21% with negligible hysteresis. These results provide a critical understanding of the origin reason for hysteresis effect in planar PSCs, and clear reveal that the J-V hysteresis can be effectively suppressed by carefully tuning the interface features in PSCs. By extending this strategy to a modified formamidinium-cesium-rubidium(FA-Cs-Rb) perovskite system, the PCEs are further boosted to 24.18%. Moreover, 5 cm × 5 cm perovskite mini-modules are also fabricated with an impressive efficiency of 20.07%, demonstrating compatibility and effectiveness of our strategy on upscaled devices.
文摘中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器的调制传递函数（Modulation Transfer Function，MTF）的监测一直是研究的难题。现提出的方法解决了中低分辨率在轨运行卫星遥感器MTF监测的关键技术。考虑到卫星遥感器的最终产物是遥感图像，从图像信息理解的三要素出发，即灰度、纹理和边缘，分析图像三要素与遥感器MTF的关系。在分析过程中，应用主成分分析方法，不仅对多组原始数据进行了简化，而且对图像参数进行了降维。通过与其它方法的比较，进一步验证了使用主成分分析方法降维的有效性；同时实验结果亦表明了主成分分析方法的可靠性。最后建立了图像单个综合参数与MTF的关系模型，拟合结果说明，此模型能较好地表达图像参数与MTF之间的关系，这将为在轨运行条件下的建模提供十分重要的技术支持。
文摘调制传递函数(MTF,Modulation Transfer Function)在轨测试是监测航天光学遥感器在轨运行性能的重要指标。准确把握遥感成像系统MTF在运行过程中的变化,关系到遥感数据资源的合理及有效利用。文章对刃边法测试MTF的原理及仿真算法进行了阐述,重点对刃边倾角、辐射定标和刃边图像的对比度对MTF测试精度的影响进行了仿真分析。
