In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development ...In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development way, save resource and improve environment, our nation has been advocating to construct the cycle economy and saving-oriented society. Taking the remanufacturing engineering as the representative, the “4R” rule (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture) is the important measure to get the goal. Remanufacturing engineering is the industrialization of high-tech maintenance of the waste and worn productions, and is one of the most active factors in “4R”. The development of high and new technology takes the important effect to promote the remanufacturing engineering.展开更多
For providing a correct and reasonable strategy to develop agricultural mechanization in developing countries, this paper took China as the representative to analyze the poor agricultural equipment service condition. ...For providing a correct and reasonable strategy to develop agricultural mechanization in developing countries, this paper took China as the representative to analyze the poor agricultural equipment service condition. It also put forward the ecology and social crisis brought out by the long-term and large-scale primary mechanization. According to the characteristics of national condition, this paper brought forward several certain policies and solutions, such as compelling to shorten the continuance cycle of traditional primary stage, seeking for new economic growth poles of high-added-value agricultural production by fully using the abundant labor force, etc. It is a feasible technical program to develop harmonious agricultural modernization in developing countries展开更多
International environmental organizations propose voluntary eco-labeling as a market incentive to promote industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and environmentally friendly manner,for instance,with the in...International environmental organizations propose voluntary eco-labeling as a market incentive to promote industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and environmentally friendly manner,for instance,with the introduction of ISO 14000.These standards assist organizations to minimize their operations negatively affecting the environment and comply with applicable laws and regulations.Support for eco-labeling has been one of the ways that展开更多
Timing is everything.Nowhere is it truer than in the current global climatic conditions.As rainfall patterns change and temperature levels increase dramatically, water shortages,particularly in developing nations, hav...Timing is everything.Nowhere is it truer than in the current global climatic conditions.As rainfall patterns change and temperature levels increase dramatically, water shortages,particularly in developing nations, have reached record highs 20 years ahead of predictions and severe food shortage is the eventual result.Climate change may well exacerbate chronic hunger and malnutrition across much of展开更多
Since the last half century,the world has been being in theme of peace and development,and passed through another glorious period with the rapid development of the economy,science and technology. In the energy field o...Since the last half century,the world has been being in theme of peace and development,and passed through another glorious period with the rapid development of the economy,science and technology. In the energy field of the globe,as the fuel with superior quality,the petroleum and gas gradually replaced the coal of the leading role in energy resources’ consumption,after the mineral energy replaced firewood.Moreover,various types of new energy are beginning to get application。展开更多
The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and ...The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and immunohistochemical methods.The results showed that the epidermis formed at the 6th gestational week,the thickness increased gradually because of transition from simple epithelium to stratified epithelium,and then decreased after the 15th week.The dermis was present at the 10th week,and the dermal derivatives appeared after the 11th week.All structures of the skin matured gradually during prenatal development.Low expression of EGF and EGFR could be observed at the 6th week and increased thereafter.Before the 11th week,EGF was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the basal layer of cells of epidermis,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts,and EGFR was mainly located on cell membranes of these cells.From the 11th to 16th week,the expression of EGF and EGFR extended from basal layer cells,prickle cells,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts to vascular endothelial cells,epithelial cells of sweat glands and arrector pili muscle.EGF was mainly detected cytoplasmically,and EGFR was located on membranes of these cells.From the 17th week to birth,EGF was mainly located in cells of the basal layer and hair follicular epithelial cells as the skin thinned and staining intensity continued to increase.The expressed amount of EGF and EGFR tended to increase throughout the whole development stage encompassed by gestational weeks 6 to 21 and the two components of the EGF signaling system were highly correlated.The results suggest that EGF and EGFR play important roles in the development of skin and its derivatives.展开更多
Microsatellite marker （or Simple Sequence Repeate, SSR） is a marker technology based on DNA molecular length poly morphism. It is also one of the most commonly used molecular markers. Traditional SSR marker developm...Microsatellite marker （or Simple Sequence Repeate, SSR） is a marker technology based on DNA molecular length poly morphism. It is also one of the most commonly used molecular markers. Traditional SSR marker development methods are relatively time-consuming and mostly relying on the known genome sequence information while recently developed methods of SSR marker based on RAPD, ISSR-PCR SSR, the use of hybrid options, sequence tag SSR library access and screening EST-SSR have been widely used. This paper gave an overview of the methods mentioned above for the development of SSR markers.展开更多
Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are und...Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are undergoing rapid change.The cost will be borne by all,but especially by the展开更多
Diversity indexes of current forestry view, such as dominance degree, fragmentation degree and overcast degree, were evaluated by the software ARCVIEWGIS. And developing strategies to improve diversity were put forwar...Diversity indexes of current forestry view, such as dominance degree, fragmentation degree and overcast degree, were evaluated by the software ARCVIEWGIS. And developing strategies to improve diversity were put forward in this paper, that is, combining with the items of forestry tour and enhancing scientific management, and choosing typical trees to change forestry structure on the basis of general conditions of dominance degree, fragmentation degree and overcast degree.展开更多
Shanghai,arelatlvely developed region ofChlna In economy andeducatlon;Isstill facing the critical problem ofhuman resources scarcity and low competence oflabourers In order to become a modern metropolis,one of the Int...Shanghai,arelatlvely developed region ofChlna In economy andeducatlon;Isstill facing the critical problem ofhuman resources scarcity and low competence oflabourers In order to become a modern metropolis,one of the Internatlonaleconomlc,nnanclal and trade centres.Statistics show thatthe city Is In need of600,000 highquahtled personnel by 2000.As Shanghai Is speeding up the adjustment ofindustrlalstructure,new and high tech Industries as well as knowledge-Intensive Industries areconstantly springing tip,and even In labourlntenslve Industries,the science andtechnology contentsbave also been Increasing,so It’s extremely urgent to trainurgently needed personnel and improve workers’competence universally.The municipal government of Shanghai thlllks highly of open education,andShanghai Education Commission（SEC）also sets It as one of＊thesion important tasks ofShanghai’s educational development. At present,SEC Is drafting the ninth nve、year plan for educational developmentandthe 2010’s target,ofwhich展开更多
Guo Bosheng, senior engineer/professor, is now a member of the Expert Group of the State Council Rare Earth Leading Group, PRC., director of Rare Earth Development Center for Agricultural Technique. He graduated from ...Guo Bosheng, senior engineer/professor, is now a member of the Expert Group of the State Council Rare Earth Leading Group, PRC., director of Rare Earth Development Center for Agricultural Technique. He graduated from Moscow Fine Chemical Industry University in the Sovi-展开更多
Compared with the stagnanteconomy of the rest world,Asian-Pa-cific economy has been experiencingthe hightest growth since the 1980s.Now,most researchers and officials,and even entrepreneurs believe
The involvement of small RNAs in cotton fiber development is under explored.The objective of this work was to directly clone,annotate,and analyze small RNAs of developing ovules to reveal
Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional character...Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far.Results A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species.Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure.Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,respectively.Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes.In promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and development.Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes.Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues.In addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes.Conclusion The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.展开更多
Background Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera:Aphididae)is a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest,and it can produce offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction.Compared with dozens of generations by parthenog...Background Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera:Aphididae)is a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest,and it can produce offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction.Compared with dozens of generations by parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is performed in only one generation within one year,and little is known about the sexual reproduction of A.gossypii.In this study,sexual females of A.gossypii were successfully obtained through a previously established induction platform,and the morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and temporal gene expression were examined.Subsequently,signaling pathways potentially involved in regulating the growth,development,and reproduction of sexual females were investigated.Results The morphological observation showed that from the 1st instar nymph to adult,sexual females exhibited a gradually deepened body color,an enlarged body size,longer antennae with a blackened end,and obviously protruding cauda(in adulthood).The anatomy found that the ovaries of sexual females developed rapidly from the 2^(nd)instar nymph,and the embedded oocytes matured in adulthood.In addition,time-course transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression profiles across the development of sexual females fell into 9 clusters with distinct patterns,in which gene expression levels in clusters 1,5,and 8 peaked at the 2^(nd)instar nymphal stage with the largest number of up-regulated genes,suggesting that the 2^(nd)instar nymph was an important ovary development period.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a large number of genes in the sexual female adult were enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and Forkhead box O(FoxO)signaling pathway,highlighting their important role in sexual female adult development and reproduction.Conclusion The morphological changes of the sexual female at each developmental stage were revealed for the first time.In addition,time-course transcriptomic analyses suggest genes enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway probably contribute to regulating the development and oocyte maturation of sexual females.Overall,these findings will facilitate the regulating mechanism research in the growth and development of sexual females by providing candidate genes.展开更多
With the aim of reducing the cost of developing internal combustion engines,while at the same time investigating different geometries,layouts and fuels,3D-CFD-CHT simulations represent an indispensable part for the de...With the aim of reducing the cost of developing internal combustion engines,while at the same time investigating different geometries,layouts and fuels,3D-CFD-CHT simulations represent an indispensable part for the development of new technologies.These tools are increasingly used by manufacturers,as a screening process before building the first prototype.This paper presents an innovative methodology for virtual engine development.The 3D-CFD tool QuickSim,developed at FKFS,allows both a significant reduction in computation time and an extension of the simulated domain for complete engine systems.This is possible thanks to a combination of coarse meshes and self-developed internal combustion engine models,which simultaneously ensure high predictability.The present work demonstrates the capabilities of this innovative methodology for the design and optimization of different engines and fuels with the goal of achieving the highest possible combustion efficiencies and pollutant reductions.The analysis focuses on the influence of different fuels such as hydrogen,methanol,synthetic gasolines and methane on different engine geometries,in combination with suitable injection and ignition systems,including passive and active pre-chambers.Lean operations as well as knock reduction are discussed,particularly for methane and hydrogen injection.Finally,it is shown how depending on the chosen fuel,an appropriate ad-hoc engine layout can be designed to increase the indicated efficiency of the respective engines.展开更多
文摘In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development way, save resource and improve environment, our nation has been advocating to construct the cycle economy and saving-oriented society. Taking the remanufacturing engineering as the representative, the “4R” rule (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture) is the important measure to get the goal. Remanufacturing engineering is the industrialization of high-tech maintenance of the waste and worn productions, and is one of the most active factors in “4R”. The development of high and new technology takes the important effect to promote the remanufacturing engineering.
基金Supported by NEAU Doctor Research FundChinese National Science and Technology Subject (2006BAD11A05)
文摘For providing a correct and reasonable strategy to develop agricultural mechanization in developing countries, this paper took China as the representative to analyze the poor agricultural equipment service condition. It also put forward the ecology and social crisis brought out by the long-term and large-scale primary mechanization. According to the characteristics of national condition, this paper brought forward several certain policies and solutions, such as compelling to shorten the continuance cycle of traditional primary stage, seeking for new economic growth poles of high-added-value agricultural production by fully using the abundant labor force, etc. It is a feasible technical program to develop harmonious agricultural modernization in developing countries
文摘International environmental organizations propose voluntary eco-labeling as a market incentive to promote industry to operate in an ecologically sustainable and environmentally friendly manner,for instance,with the introduction of ISO 14000.These standards assist organizations to minimize their operations negatively affecting the environment and comply with applicable laws and regulations.Support for eco-labeling has been one of the ways that
文摘Timing is everything.Nowhere is it truer than in the current global climatic conditions.As rainfall patterns change and temperature levels increase dramatically, water shortages,particularly in developing nations, have reached record highs 20 years ahead of predictions and severe food shortage is the eventual result.Climate change may well exacerbate chronic hunger and malnutrition across much of
文摘Since the last half century,the world has been being in theme of peace and development,and passed through another glorious period with the rapid development of the economy,science and technology. In the energy field of the globe,as the fuel with superior quality,the petroleum and gas gradually replaced the coal of the leading role in energy resources’ consumption,after the mineral energy replaced firewood.Moreover,various types of new energy are beginning to get application。
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China(2004C120)Talent Foundation of Northwest A&F University
文摘The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and immunohistochemical methods.The results showed that the epidermis formed at the 6th gestational week,the thickness increased gradually because of transition from simple epithelium to stratified epithelium,and then decreased after the 15th week.The dermis was present at the 10th week,and the dermal derivatives appeared after the 11th week.All structures of the skin matured gradually during prenatal development.Low expression of EGF and EGFR could be observed at the 6th week and increased thereafter.Before the 11th week,EGF was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the basal layer of cells of epidermis,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts,and EGFR was mainly located on cell membranes of these cells.From the 11th to 16th week,the expression of EGF and EGFR extended from basal layer cells,prickle cells,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts to vascular endothelial cells,epithelial cells of sweat glands and arrector pili muscle.EGF was mainly detected cytoplasmically,and EGFR was located on membranes of these cells.From the 17th week to birth,EGF was mainly located in cells of the basal layer and hair follicular epithelial cells as the skin thinned and staining intensity continued to increase.The expressed amount of EGF and EGFR tended to increase throughout the whole development stage encompassed by gestational weeks 6 to 21 and the two components of the EGF signaling system were highly correlated.The results suggest that EGF and EGFR play important roles in the development of skin and its derivatives.
文摘Microsatellite marker （or Simple Sequence Repeate, SSR） is a marker technology based on DNA molecular length poly morphism. It is also one of the most commonly used molecular markers. Traditional SSR marker development methods are relatively time-consuming and mostly relying on the known genome sequence information while recently developed methods of SSR marker based on RAPD, ISSR-PCR SSR, the use of hybrid options, sequence tag SSR library access and screening EST-SSR have been widely used. This paper gave an overview of the methods mentioned above for the development of SSR markers.
文摘Climate change is becoming a serious issue nowadays.There are profound environmental,economic and political implications of global warming. Ecosystems,from mountains to oceans and from the poles to the tropics,are undergoing rapid change.The cost will be borne by all,but especially by the
文摘Diversity indexes of current forestry view, such as dominance degree, fragmentation degree and overcast degree, were evaluated by the software ARCVIEWGIS. And developing strategies to improve diversity were put forward in this paper, that is, combining with the items of forestry tour and enhancing scientific management, and choosing typical trees to change forestry structure on the basis of general conditions of dominance degree, fragmentation degree and overcast degree.
文摘Shanghai,arelatlvely developed region ofChlna In economy andeducatlon;Isstill facing the critical problem ofhuman resources scarcity and low competence oflabourers In order to become a modern metropolis,one of the Internatlonaleconomlc,nnanclal and trade centres.Statistics show thatthe city Is In need of600,000 highquahtled personnel by 2000.As Shanghai Is speeding up the adjustment ofindustrlalstructure,new and high tech Industries as well as knowledge-Intensive Industries areconstantly springing tip,and even In labourlntenslve Industries,the science andtechnology contentsbave also been Increasing,so It’s extremely urgent to trainurgently needed personnel and improve workers’competence universally.The municipal government of Shanghai thlllks highly of open education,andShanghai Education Commission（SEC）also sets It as one of＊thesion important tasks ofShanghai’s educational development. At present,SEC Is drafting the ninth nve、year plan for educational developmentandthe 2010’s target,ofwhich
文摘Guo Bosheng, senior engineer/professor, is now a member of the Expert Group of the State Council Rare Earth Leading Group, PRC., director of Rare Earth Development Center for Agricultural Technique. He graduated from Moscow Fine Chemical Industry University in the Sovi-
文摘Compared with the stagnanteconomy of the rest world,Asian-Pa-cific economy has been experiencingthe hightest growth since the 1980s.Now,most researchers and officials,and even entrepreneurs believe
文摘The involvement of small RNAs in cotton fiber development is under explored.The objective of this work was to directly clone,annotate,and analyze small RNAs of developing ovules to reveal
文摘Background SRO(Similar to RCD1)genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth,develop-ment,and in responding to environmental stresses.However,genome-wide identification and functional characteri-zation of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far.Results A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species.Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure.Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribu-tion of GaSRO,GrSRO,GhSRO,and GbSRO genes on A2,D5 genomes,Gh-At,Gh-Dt,Gb-At,and Gb-Dt subgenomes,respectively.Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes.In promoter analysis,several elements responsive to the growth,development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes,implying gene induction during cotton growth and development.Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes.Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues.In addition,specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes dur-ing ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes.Conclusion The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32102214)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-21)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400300)。
文摘Background Aphis gossypii(Hemiptera:Aphididae)is a worldwide polyphagous phloem-feeding agricultural pest,and it can produce offspring by sexual or asexual reproduction.Compared with dozens of generations by parthenogenesis,sexual reproduction is performed in only one generation within one year,and little is known about the sexual reproduction of A.gossypii.In this study,sexual females of A.gossypii were successfully obtained through a previously established induction platform,and the morphological characteristics,developmental dynamics,and temporal gene expression were examined.Subsequently,signaling pathways potentially involved in regulating the growth,development,and reproduction of sexual females were investigated.Results The morphological observation showed that from the 1st instar nymph to adult,sexual females exhibited a gradually deepened body color,an enlarged body size,longer antennae with a blackened end,and obviously protruding cauda(in adulthood).The anatomy found that the ovaries of sexual females developed rapidly from the 2^(nd)instar nymph,and the embedded oocytes matured in adulthood.In addition,time-course transcriptome analysis revealed that gene expression profiles across the development of sexual females fell into 9 clusters with distinct patterns,in which gene expression levels in clusters 1,5,and 8 peaked at the 2^(nd)instar nymphal stage with the largest number of up-regulated genes,suggesting that the 2^(nd)instar nymph was an important ovary development period.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis revealed that a large number of genes in the sexual female adult were enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and Forkhead box O(FoxO)signaling pathway,highlighting their important role in sexual female adult development and reproduction.Conclusion The morphological changes of the sexual female at each developmental stage were revealed for the first time.In addition,time-course transcriptomic analyses suggest genes enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway and FoxO signaling pathway probably contribute to regulating the development and oocyte maturation of sexual females.Overall,these findings will facilitate the regulating mechanism research in the growth and development of sexual females by providing candidate genes.
文摘With the aim of reducing the cost of developing internal combustion engines,while at the same time investigating different geometries,layouts and fuels,3D-CFD-CHT simulations represent an indispensable part for the development of new technologies.These tools are increasingly used by manufacturers,as a screening process before building the first prototype.This paper presents an innovative methodology for virtual engine development.The 3D-CFD tool QuickSim,developed at FKFS,allows both a significant reduction in computation time and an extension of the simulated domain for complete engine systems.This is possible thanks to a combination of coarse meshes and self-developed internal combustion engine models,which simultaneously ensure high predictability.The present work demonstrates the capabilities of this innovative methodology for the design and optimization of different engines and fuels with the goal of achieving the highest possible combustion efficiencies and pollutant reductions.The analysis focuses on the influence of different fuels such as hydrogen,methanol,synthetic gasolines and methane on different engine geometries,in combination with suitable injection and ignition systems,including passive and active pre-chambers.Lean operations as well as knock reduction are discussed,particularly for methane and hydrogen injection.Finally,it is shown how depending on the chosen fuel,an appropriate ad-hoc engine layout can be designed to increase the indicated efficiency of the respective engines.
