Crystallization of amorphous silicon（a-Si） which starts from the middle of the a-Si region separating two adjacent metal-induced crystallization（MIC） polycrystalline silicon（poly-Si） regions is observed. The cry...Crystallization of amorphous silicon（a-Si） which starts from the middle of the a-Si region separating two adjacent metal-induced crystallization（MIC） polycrystalline silicon（poly-Si） regions is observed. The crystallization is found to be related to the distance between the neighboring nickel-introducing MIC windows. Trace nickel that diffuses from the MIC window into the a-Si matrix during the MIC heat-treatment is experimentally discovered, which is responsible for the crystallization of the a-Si beyond the MIC front. A minimum diffusion coefficient of 1.84×10^-9cm^2/s at 550℃ is estimated for the trace nickel diffusion in a-Si.展开更多
A metallic Ni catalyst was prepared with nickel sponge, followed by acid treatment. It was further promoted with yttria by an impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, etc., and...A metallic Ni catalyst was prepared with nickel sponge, followed by acid treatment. It was further promoted with yttria by an impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, etc., and studied in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. The characterization results showed that the yttria promoted metallic Ni catalysts had high specific surface area and more NiO. The reaction results showed that the yttria promoter increased the CH4 conversion and the selectivity for H2 and CO.展开更多
The effects of overcharge on electrochemical performance of AA size sealed-type nickel/metal hydride（Ni/MH） batteries and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship betw...The effects of overcharge on electrochemical performance of AA size sealed-type nickel/metal hydride（Ni/MH） batteries and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship between the effects of different overcharge currents on the increasing velocity of inner pressure and the degradation velocity of cycle life and discharge voltage remains in almost direct proportion. After overcharge cycles, the positive electrode materials remain the original structure, but there occur some breaks because of the irreversible expand of crystal lattice. And the negative electrode alloy particles have inconspicuous pulverization, but are covered with lots of corrosive products and its main component is rare earth hydroxide or oxide. These are all the main reasons leading to the degradation behavior of the discharge capacity and cycle life of Ni/MH batteries.展开更多
In order to investigate the tritium behaviors in Hastelloy N alloy in molten salt reactor,first-principles calculations are used to study the interaction between hydrogen and Ad transition metal alloying atom in nicke...In order to investigate the tritium behaviors in Hastelloy N alloy in molten salt reactor,first-principles calculations are used to study the interaction between hydrogen and Ad transition metal alloying atom in nickelbased alloy.The interaction energies between Ad elements and H are calculated.Atomic size effects and electron distribution effects are analyzed.The hydrogen-4d interactions are compared with the hydrogen-3d interactions calculated in our previous work.展开更多
In this research,new catalyst with high industrial impact is developed,which can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to methane through methanation reaction.A series of catalysts based on nickel oxide were prepared using w...In this research,new catalyst with high industrial impact is developed,which can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to methane through methanation reaction.A series of catalysts based on nickel oxide were prepared using wetness impregnation technique and ageing,followed by calcination at 400℃.Rh/Ni（30：70）/Al2O3 catalyst was revealed as the most potential catalyst based on the results of catalytic activity measurement monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR）and Gas Chromatography（GC）.The results showed 90.1%CO2 conversion and 70.8% yield at 400℃.展开更多
A nickel nanowire catalyst was prepared by a hard template method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, N2 physical adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （...A nickel nanowire catalyst was prepared by a hard template method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, N2 physical adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and H2 temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR）. The catalytic properties of the nanowire catalyst in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas were compared with a metallic Ni catalyst which was prepared with nickel sponge. The characterization results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high specific surface area and there was more NiO phase in the nickel nanowire catalyst than in the metallic Ni catalyst. The reaction results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high CH4 conversion and selectivities for H2 and CO under low space velocity.展开更多
In this work, the effect of the presence of nickel and lead in thermal decomposition of olive tree pruning (OTP), OTP-char and OTP-ashes was studied by thermogravimetry. Experiments were conducted in two kinds of atmo...In this work, the effect of the presence of nickel and lead in thermal decomposition of olive tree pruning (OTP), OTP-char and OTP-ashes was studied by thermogravimetry. Experiments were conducted in two kinds of atmosphere (nitrogen atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere with 20% of O2) at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. This investigation describes the chemical, physical and fuel properties of the OTP, which shows a similar composition to other lignocellulosic materials such as hazelnut husk and wood sawdust. In addition, SEM analysis indicated that OTP-char surface is higher than OTP surface with plenty of holes and channels. It makes the char an ideal support for metal retention specially for Pb metal (OTP retained 8.55 mg/g whereas OTP char retained 11.57 mg/g). On the other hand, metal retention occurred by adsorption or ion exchange, according to the IR spectrum of the samples. The results of thermogravimetric tests proved that the presence of lead did not have a strong effect on the decomposition of the samples, since TG and DTG curves were very similar. However, nickel increased the mass loss rate, accelerating the decomposition process, showing higher peaks in DTG curves. Additionally, for temperatures higher than 360 ℃, the volatilization of the samples was improved in the nickel-polluted sample, achieving a higher mass loss, getting more energy from the biomass and reducing the quantity of residues left after the process.展开更多
电催化二氧化碳(CO_(2))还原被认为是将CO_(2)转化为可再生能源产品的一种有前途的方法。开发性能优异的电催化剂高效完成这一重要反应是关键。镍基催化剂广泛应用于电催化CO_(2)还原研究,但是,镍纳米颗粒经常表现较差的催化性能。在本...电催化二氧化碳(CO_(2))还原被认为是将CO_(2)转化为可再生能源产品的一种有前途的方法。开发性能优异的电催化剂高效完成这一重要反应是关键。镍基催化剂广泛应用于电催化CO_(2)还原研究,但是,镍纳米颗粒经常表现较差的催化性能。在本文中,通过在氮气气氛中高温热解镍基金属有机骨架(MOF)、尿素和炭黑混合物,获得了镍纳米颗粒负载于多孔碳氮中的催化材料(NiNPs-NC)。有趣的是,NiNPs-NC在H型和流动相电池中都表现出优异的CO_(2)电还原性能。在H型电解池和-0.67–-1.07 V vs.RHE(可逆氢电极)电位窗口内,NiNPs-NC催化CO_(2)还原为CO的法拉第效率大于90%,其中,在-0.87 V vs.RHE时,CO的法拉第效率约为100%。在流动相电解池和-0.50–-0.70 V vs.RHE电位窗口内,NiNPs-NC催化CO_(2)还原为CO的选择性大于95%。电化学阻抗谱图和塔菲尔斜率表征显示,NiNPs-NC的高催化活性归因于其在催化过程中的快速电荷转移。本文提供了一种制备高效CO_(2)电还原催化剂的方法。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61301077 and 61574096)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20130319)the Science and Technology Program of Suzhou City,China(Grant No.SYG201538)
文摘Crystallization of amorphous silicon（a-Si） which starts from the middle of the a-Si region separating two adjacent metal-induced crystallization（MIC） polycrystalline silicon（poly-Si） regions is observed. The crystallization is found to be related to the distance between the neighboring nickel-introducing MIC windows. Trace nickel that diffuses from the MIC window into the a-Si matrix during the MIC heat-treatment is experimentally discovered, which is responsible for the crystallization of the a-Si beyond the MIC front. A minimum diffusion coefficient of 1.84×10^-9cm^2/s at 550℃ is estimated for the trace nickel diffusion in a-Si.
基金supports by the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.07 JCZDJC00200the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)under Grant No.2007AA05Z104 and 2006AA05Z115 are gratefully acknowledged
文摘A metallic Ni catalyst was prepared with nickel sponge, followed by acid treatment. It was further promoted with yttria by an impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, etc., and studied in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. The characterization results showed that the yttria promoted metallic Ni catalysts had high specific surface area and more NiO. The reaction results showed that the yttria promoter increased the CH4 conversion and the selectivity for H2 and CO.
文摘The effects of overcharge on electrochemical performance of AA size sealed-type nickel/metal hydride（Ni/MH） batteries and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship between the effects of different overcharge currents on the increasing velocity of inner pressure and the degradation velocity of cycle life and discharge voltage remains in almost direct proportion. After overcharge cycles, the positive electrode materials remain the original structure, but there occur some breaks because of the irreversible expand of crystal lattice. And the negative electrode alloy particles have inconspicuous pulverization, but are covered with lots of corrosive products and its main component is rare earth hydroxide or oxide. These are all the main reasons leading to the degradation behavior of the discharge capacity and cycle life of Ni/MH batteries.
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02020200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51601212)
文摘In order to investigate the tritium behaviors in Hastelloy N alloy in molten salt reactor,first-principles calculations are used to study the interaction between hydrogen and Ad transition metal alloying atom in nickelbased alloy.The interaction energies between Ad elements and H are calculated.Atomic size effects and electron distribution effects are analyzed.The hydrogen-4d interactions are compared with the hydrogen-3d interactions calculated in our previous work.
基金supported by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation,Malaysia(Vote 79252)
文摘In this research,new catalyst with high industrial impact is developed,which can catalyze the conversion of CO2 to methane through methanation reaction.A series of catalysts based on nickel oxide were prepared using wetness impregnation technique and ageing,followed by calcination at 400℃.Rh/Ni（30：70）/Al2O3 catalyst was revealed as the most potential catalyst based on the results of catalytic activity measurement monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy（FTIR）and Gas Chromatography（GC）.The results showed 90.1%CO2 conversion and 70.8% yield at 400℃.
基金The financial supports by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) under Grant No. 2007AA05Z104 and 2006AA05Z115key project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 07 JCZDJC00200 are gratefully acknowledged
文摘A nickel nanowire catalyst was prepared by a hard template method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, N2 physical adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry （XPS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and H2 temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR）. The catalytic properties of the nanowire catalyst in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas were compared with a metallic Ni catalyst which was prepared with nickel sponge. The characterization results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high specific surface area and there was more NiO phase in the nickel nanowire catalyst than in the metallic Ni catalyst. The reaction results showed that the nickel nanowire catalyst had high CH4 conversion and selectivities for H2 and CO under low space velocity.
基金the financial support provided by“Plan Propio” of the University of Granada(Spain)by mean a “Researching Grant for Master’s Students”the financial support provided by the Ministry of Education(Spain)through Research Grant FPU16/00223
文摘In this work, the effect of the presence of nickel and lead in thermal decomposition of olive tree pruning (OTP), OTP-char and OTP-ashes was studied by thermogravimetry. Experiments were conducted in two kinds of atmosphere (nitrogen atmosphere and oxidizing atmosphere with 20% of O2) at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min. This investigation describes the chemical, physical and fuel properties of the OTP, which shows a similar composition to other lignocellulosic materials such as hazelnut husk and wood sawdust. In addition, SEM analysis indicated that OTP-char surface is higher than OTP surface with plenty of holes and channels. It makes the char an ideal support for metal retention specially for Pb metal (OTP retained 8.55 mg/g whereas OTP char retained 11.57 mg/g). On the other hand, metal retention occurred by adsorption or ion exchange, according to the IR spectrum of the samples. The results of thermogravimetric tests proved that the presence of lead did not have a strong effect on the decomposition of the samples, since TG and DTG curves were very similar. However, nickel increased the mass loss rate, accelerating the decomposition process, showing higher peaks in DTG curves. Additionally, for temperatures higher than 360 ℃, the volatilization of the samples was improved in the nickel-polluted sample, achieving a higher mass loss, getting more energy from the biomass and reducing the quantity of residues left after the process.
文摘电催化二氧化碳(CO_(2))还原被认为是将CO_(2)转化为可再生能源产品的一种有前途的方法。开发性能优异的电催化剂高效完成这一重要反应是关键。镍基催化剂广泛应用于电催化CO_(2)还原研究,但是,镍纳米颗粒经常表现较差的催化性能。在本文中,通过在氮气气氛中高温热解镍基金属有机骨架(MOF)、尿素和炭黑混合物,获得了镍纳米颗粒负载于多孔碳氮中的催化材料(NiNPs-NC)。有趣的是,NiNPs-NC在H型和流动相电池中都表现出优异的CO_(2)电还原性能。在H型电解池和-0.67–-1.07 V vs.RHE(可逆氢电极)电位窗口内,NiNPs-NC催化CO_(2)还原为CO的法拉第效率大于90%,其中,在-0.87 V vs.RHE时,CO的法拉第效率约为100%。在流动相电解池和-0.50–-0.70 V vs.RHE电位窗口内,NiNPs-NC催化CO_(2)还原为CO的选择性大于95%。电化学阻抗谱图和塔菲尔斜率表征显示,NiNPs-NC的高催化活性归因于其在催化过程中的快速电荷转移。本文提供了一种制备高效CO_(2)电还原催化剂的方法。
