The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in s...The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 168 respondents from six markets in Delta State where garri is produced and marketed. Data was analyzed by the calculation of percentages, means and running of regression. The study revealed that the marketing of garri in Delta State was predominantly a female activity. The study also revealed that the garri was marketed in three channels and that 46.4% were retailers. The study further revealed a reasonable degree of freedom of entry and exit in the garri business in Delta State. Each trader or marketer was able to earn an average profit margin of N2 190.00 （for garri marketers）, while the marketing margins for garri was 13.1%. Although the marketers were faced with some challenges the average profit per marketer per month was reasonably high （N40 722）. The study further showed that the socio- economic characteristics of the marketers to a large extent had a positive influence on the quantity of garri sold in the study area. From the findings it was recommended that storage facilities, extension services and good road network among others should be provided to improve the marketing of garri in Delta State, Nigeria.展开更多
E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt ...E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logistic will be core ability. The 3pl and 4pl will be used more and more often. The importance of transportation has grown with the increasing globalization as well as the growth in e-commerce. Firms should identify various transportation network design options and their relative strengths and weaknesses. They should also use methodologies for routing and scheduling deliveries in transportation network. The savings matrix and the generalized assignment methodology can be us ed to minimize the transportation cost while meeting delivery commitments to cus tomers. Information is essential to making good decisions. Information technology provid es the tools to gather information and analyze it in order to make the best deci sions. Information plays a key in every company. Information technology will be used broadly. It is a factual component on which decisions about each of the transportation, facilities, and inventory. In essence, information is the glue that holds the company to other firms, and allows it to function, making informa tion the most important firms drivers. Custom relation management, data based marketing, one to one marketing, electron ic odder system, electronic data exchange, will be used frequent. These new mark eting method is using information technology all. IT investment in program will greatly increase. The consumer can find and compare the price in every character easily on Interne t. Cost becomes the most important factor in product selecting. So the enterpris e has to lower cost in every part, especially using high-tech, new material, ad vantage management method. But the quality of production should be guarantee. In e-commerce world, people meet together less, and the news expressed quickly, every decision of enterprise should first consider it disadvantage on trans mit, then, try to control the transmit manner. The crisis management is importan t to public communication. Sales promotion method needs innovation. Broadcast, public communication, salesm anship, and physical evidence will be changed. More and more advertisers head fo r the Web to promote their wares. A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfi lling a customer request. Through e-commerce, a supply chain can operate in low cost, immediate customer reaction, and benefit to all enterprise in the supply chain. The objective of supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.展开更多
The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com- merc...The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com- merce applied to the construction of marketing,the more precision of forecast for the enterprises can acquire,which is very helpful for the production and marketing of enterprises.Therefore,the research on the E-commerce applied to the construction of marketing is popular today.This paper applie...展开更多
The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep...The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep artment has diverted to that of marketing decision-making, which face to market and meet with the need of consumption. Assuredly, the kernel of marketing decis ion-making is to prognosticate the future market demand of the production of en terprises accurately, so that it can ensure and realize the maximum of the enter prises’ profit increase. Using empirical research and the multi-regression technique, this paper ana lyzes the enterprises’ production demand forecast of the GMC (Global Management Challenge, held every year globally) and changes most of uncontrollable factors of demand forecast to the controllable ones of the enterprises. The method we us ed to forecast demand by using the multi-regression technique is as follows: 1. Look for the main factors which influence the demand of productions; 2. Establish the regression model; 3. Using the historical data, find the resolution of the correlative index an d do the prominent test; 4. Analyze and compare, regression, adjust parameter and optimize the regress ion model. Our method will make the forecast data closer to the actual prices of the future market requirement quantity in the production marketing decision-making of the enterprises and realize the optimizing combination and the working object w ith the minimum of the cost and the maximum of the profit. And it can ensure the realization of the equity maximum of the enterprises and increase the lifecycle of the production.展开更多
An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between th...An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between the carbon mar-ket and energy market returns.To achieve that,we improve the Diebold-Yilmaz index model by a time-varying vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)model.In a unified network,our daily dataset includes the closing prices of the Hubei carbon market,Shenzhen carbon market,coal futures,and energy stock index.The findings reveal that both the Hubei and Shen-zhen pilots typically generate net information spillovers on energy futures.In connection with energy stocks,the Hubei carbon market acts as a net receiver,while the Shenzhen carbon market is a net transmitter.Compared with the Hubei pi-lot,the Shenzhen pilot is more tightly connected to the energy markets.Furthermore,the spillovers of the carbon markets exhibit significant asymmetry.In most cases,they have more substantial impacts on the energy markets when the prices of emission allowances rise.The direction and magnitude of asymmetric spillovers across markets vary over time and can be influenced by certain economic or political events.展开更多
文摘The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 168 respondents from six markets in Delta State where garri is produced and marketed. Data was analyzed by the calculation of percentages, means and running of regression. The study revealed that the marketing of garri in Delta State was predominantly a female activity. The study also revealed that the garri was marketed in three channels and that 46.4% were retailers. The study further revealed a reasonable degree of freedom of entry and exit in the garri business in Delta State. Each trader or marketer was able to earn an average profit margin of N2 190.00 （for garri marketers）, while the marketing margins for garri was 13.1%. Although the marketers were faced with some challenges the average profit per marketer per month was reasonably high （N40 722）. The study further showed that the socio- economic characteristics of the marketers to a large extent had a positive influence on the quantity of garri sold in the study area. From the findings it was recommended that storage facilities, extension services and good road network among others should be provided to improve the marketing of garri in Delta State, Nigeria.
文摘E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logistic will be core ability. The 3pl and 4pl will be used more and more often. The importance of transportation has grown with the increasing globalization as well as the growth in e-commerce. Firms should identify various transportation network design options and their relative strengths and weaknesses. They should also use methodologies for routing and scheduling deliveries in transportation network. The savings matrix and the generalized assignment methodology can be us ed to minimize the transportation cost while meeting delivery commitments to cus tomers. Information is essential to making good decisions. Information technology provid es the tools to gather information and analyze it in order to make the best deci sions. Information plays a key in every company. Information technology will be used broadly. It is a factual component on which decisions about each of the transportation, facilities, and inventory. In essence, information is the glue that holds the company to other firms, and allows it to function, making informa tion the most important firms drivers. Custom relation management, data based marketing, one to one marketing, electron ic odder system, electronic data exchange, will be used frequent. These new mark eting method is using information technology all. IT investment in program will greatly increase. The consumer can find and compare the price in every character easily on Interne t. Cost becomes the most important factor in product selecting. So the enterpris e has to lower cost in every part, especially using high-tech, new material, ad vantage management method. But the quality of production should be guarantee. In e-commerce world, people meet together less, and the news expressed quickly, every decision of enterprise should first consider it disadvantage on trans mit, then, try to control the transmit manner. The crisis management is importan t to public communication. Sales promotion method needs innovation. Broadcast, public communication, salesm anship, and physical evidence will be changed. More and more advertisers head fo r the Web to promote their wares. A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfi lling a customer request. Through e-commerce, a supply chain can operate in low cost, immediate customer reaction, and benefit to all enterprise in the supply chain. The objective of supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.
基金This research was supported by the National Social Sci-ence Foundation of China under Grant 06CJL019.
文摘The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com- merce applied to the construction of marketing,the more precision of forecast for the enterprises can acquire,which is very helpful for the production and marketing of enterprises.Therefore,the research on the E-commerce applied to the construction of marketing is popular today.This paper applie...
文摘The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep artment has diverted to that of marketing decision-making, which face to market and meet with the need of consumption. Assuredly, the kernel of marketing decis ion-making is to prognosticate the future market demand of the production of en terprises accurately, so that it can ensure and realize the maximum of the enter prises’ profit increase. Using empirical research and the multi-regression technique, this paper ana lyzes the enterprises’ production demand forecast of the GMC (Global Management Challenge, held every year globally) and changes most of uncontrollable factors of demand forecast to the controllable ones of the enterprises. The method we us ed to forecast demand by using the multi-regression technique is as follows: 1. Look for the main factors which influence the demand of productions; 2. Establish the regression model; 3. Using the historical data, find the resolution of the correlative index an d do the prominent test; 4. Analyze and compare, regression, adjust parameter and optimize the regress ion model. Our method will make the forecast data closer to the actual prices of the future market requirement quantity in the production marketing decision-making of the enterprises and realize the optimizing combination and the working object w ith the minimum of the cost and the maximum of the profit. And it can ensure the realization of the equity maximum of the enterprises and increase the lifecycle of the production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973001).
文摘An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between the carbon mar-ket and energy market returns.To achieve that,we improve the Diebold-Yilmaz index model by a time-varying vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)model.In a unified network,our daily dataset includes the closing prices of the Hubei carbon market,Shenzhen carbon market,coal futures,and energy stock index.The findings reveal that both the Hubei and Shen-zhen pilots typically generate net information spillovers on energy futures.In connection with energy stocks,the Hubei carbon market acts as a net receiver,while the Shenzhen carbon market is a net transmitter.Compared with the Hubei pi-lot,the Shenzhen pilot is more tightly connected to the energy markets.Furthermore,the spillovers of the carbon markets exhibit significant asymmetry.In most cases,they have more substantial impacts on the energy markets when the prices of emission allowances rise.The direction and magnitude of asymmetric spillovers across markets vary over time and can be influenced by certain economic or political events.
