(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under...(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under solvothermal conditions,to react with transition metals achieving four novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs):[Zn(IP)(L_(1))]_(n)(1),{[Cd(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(2),{[Co(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(3),and[Zn(IP)(L_(2))(H_(2)O)]_(n)(4).MOFs 1-4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetry,and elemental analysis.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P2_(1)/n,and MOFs 2-4 belong to the triclinic system with the P1 space group.1-3 are 2D sheet structures,2 and 3 have similar structural characters,whereas 4 is a 1D chain structure.Furthermore,1-3 exhibited certain photocatalytic capability in the degradation of rhodamine B(Rh B)and pararosaniline hydrochloride(PH).4could be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction starting with benzaldehyde derivative and malononitrile.4 could promote the reaction to achieve corresponding products in moderate yields within 3 h.Moreover,the catalyst exhibited recyclability for up to three cycles without significantly dropping its activity.A mechanism for MOF 4 catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile has been initially proposed.CCDC:2356488,1;2356497,2;2356499,3;2356498,4.展开更多
The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNT...The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNTs)during the growth process of MOF crystals,synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure.Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin.Simultaneously,the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT changed the electron cloud density on the catalytic active center Co,optimizing the electronic structure.Consequently,the E_(1/2) of the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT catalyst under neutral conditions reached 0.77 V(vs.RHE),outperforming the catalyst without CNTs.When the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT was employed as the cathode catalyst in assembling microbial fuel cells(MFCs)with Nafion-117 as the proton exchange membrane,the maxi-mum power density of MFCs reached approximately 500 mW·m^(-2).展开更多
Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nano...Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.展开更多
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influenc...Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influence of BCDOM on soil organisms has not been clearly explained.Hence,this review aims to discuss the factors affecting BCDOM and its interaction with soil substances including organic pollutants,heavy metals,and microorganisms.Results displayed that the quantity of BCDOM ranges from 0.17 to 37.03 mg/g,which was influenced by feedstock,preparation methods of biochar,and extraction methods.With the decrease in lignin content of feedstocks,carbonization temperature,and acidity of extraction solution,the content of BCDOM increased.Through complexation and adsorption,protein-like components in BCDOM interact with heavy metals,promoting the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals onto biochar.Furthermore,BCDOM enhances the adsorption of organic pollutants by biochar throughπ−πinteractions,hydrogen bonding,and redox processes.More importantly,BCDOM promotes plant growth by enhancing microbial activities,providing nutrients,and improving soil properties.However,the transport and fate of BCDOM in soil have not been well studied,and more researches are needed to explore the interaction mechanisms between BCDOM and soil organisms.展开更多
Organic semiconductor materials have shown unique advantages in the development of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of preparation,low cost,lightweight,and flexibility.In this work,we explored the application ...Organic semiconductor materials have shown unique advantages in the development of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of preparation,low cost,lightweight,and flexibility.In this work,we explored the application of the organic semiconductor Y6-1O single crystal in photodetection devices.Firstly,Y6-1O single crystal material was prepared on a silicon substrate using solution droplet casting method.The optical properties of Y6-1O material were characterized by polarized optical microscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,etc.,confirming its highly single crystalline performance and emission properties in the near-infrared region.Phototransistors based on Y6-1O materials with different thicknesses were then fabricated and tested.It was found that the devices exhibited good visible to near-infrared photoresponse,with the maximum photoresponse in the near-infrared region at 785 nm.The photocurrent on/off ratio reaches 10^(2),and photoresponsivity reaches 16 mA/W.It was also found that the spectral response of the device could be regulated by gate voltage as well as the material thickness,providing important conditions for optimizing the performance of near-infrared photodetectors.This study not only demonstrates the excellent performance of organic phototransistors based on Y6-1O single crystal material in near-infrared detection but also provides new ideas and directions for the future development of infrared detectors.展开更多
In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon ...In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.展开更多
Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put for...Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put forward by analyzing the interrelating concept and research. The model takes the adaptive process as a multi-stage decision making problem. The 2-phases method is presented to calculate the model, which obtains the related parameters by running the colored Petri net （CPN） model of AOC2R and then searches for the result by ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm integrated with genetic optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the performance of AOC2R.展开更多
Development of computational agent organizations or “societies” has become the domiant computing paradigm in the arena of Distributed Artificial Intelligence, and many foreseeable future applications need agent orga...Development of computational agent organizations or “societies” has become the domiant computing paradigm in the arena of Distributed Artificial Intelligence, and many foreseeable future applications need agent organizations, in which diversified agents cooperate in a distributed manner, forming teams. In such scenarios, the agents would need to know each other in order to facilitate the interactions. Moreover, agents in such an environment are not statically defined in advance but they can adaptively enter and leave an organization. This begs the question of how agents locate each other in order to cooperate in achieving organizational goals. Locating agents is a quite challenging task, especially in organizations that involve a large number of agents and where the resource avaiability is intermittent. The authors explore here an approach based on self organization map (SOM) which will serve as a clustering method in the light of the knowledge gathered about various agents. The approach begins by categorizing agents using a selected set of agent properties. These categories are used to derive various ranks and a distance matrix. The SOM algorithm uses this matrix as input to obtain clusters of agents. These clusters reduce the search space, resulting in a relatively short agent search time.展开更多
The concept of organization decision support system （ODSS） is defined according to practical applications and novel understanding. And a framework for ODSS is designed. The framework has three components： infrastru...The concept of organization decision support system （ODSS） is defined according to practical applications and novel understanding. And a framework for ODSS is designed. The framework has three components： infrastructure, decision-making process and decision execution process. Infrastructure is responsible to transfer data and information. Decision-making process is the ODSS＇s soul to support decision-making. Decision execution process is to evaluate and execute decision results derived from decision-making process. The framework presents a kind of logic architecture. An example is given to verify and analyze the framework. The analysis shows that the framework has practical values, and has also reference values for understanding ODSS and for theoretical studies.展开更多
The problem of constructing global view of heterogeneous information sources for information sharing is becoming more and more important due to the availability of multiple information sources within the virtual organ...The problem of constructing global view of heterogeneous information sources for information sharing is becoming more and more important due to the availability of multiple information sources within the virtual organization. Global view is defined to provide a unified representation of the information in the different sources by analyzing concept schemas associated with them and resolving possible semantic heterogeneity. An ontology-based method for global view construction is proposed. In the method, （ 1 ） Based on the formal ontologies, the concept of semantic affinity is introduced to assess the level of semantic relationship between information classes from different information sources; （2） Information classes are classified by semantic affinity levels using clustering procedures so that their different representations can be analyzed for unification; （3） Global view is constructed starting from selected clusters by unifying representation of their elements. The application example of using the method in the joint-aerial defense organization is illustrated and the result shows that the proposed method is feasible.展开更多
The social organization is the periodic product of the change of social management mode before and after the reform and opening-up. Under the background of governance theory,the status of social organizations must be ...The social organization is the periodic product of the change of social management mode before and after the reform and opening-up. Under the background of governance theory,the status of social organizations must be further enhanced. To realize the modernization of the national governance system, it is necessary to further develop and improve social organizations to meet the needs of The Times when traditional social management changes to modern social governance. The generation of pivotal social organizations should aim at improving the governance of social organizations. The key lies in the implementation of the concept of"separation of politics and society". The construction of pivotal social organization should become the representative of social interests in function,break away from the color of"official office"in main body, and strengthen the cultivation, service and supervision of social organization in behavior.展开更多
The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and internatio...The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and international attention.Once a vibrant area,Gulu has been shuttered by the Lord Resistance Army (LRA)atrocities,a region where several vehicles were burnt and people were butchered.The purpose of展开更多
In the process of agricultural commercialization, it is crucial to develop specialized co-operative organizations as well as to apply initiatives to protect agriculture by the government. Government should organize pe...In the process of agricultural commercialization, it is crucial to develop specialized co-operative organizations as well as to apply initiatives to protect agriculture by the government. Government should organize peasants to enter, adapt and influence the market Peasants should participate and affect policies, monitor the implementation of agricultural protection policy, and form self-protecting mechanism through co-operative organizations.展开更多
It is now possible to organize globally while worki ng locally: Information technologies like e-mail, the Internet, and video confere ncing to the desktop permit tight coordination of geographically dispersed worke rs...It is now possible to organize globally while worki ng locally: Information technologies like e-mail, the Internet, and video confere ncing to the desktop permit tight coordination of geographically dispersed worke rs across time zones and cultures. Companies are not limited to physical locatio ns for providing products and services. Networked information systems are allowi ng companies to coordinate their geographically distributed capabilities as virt ual organizations. In order for organizations to succeed, they must be able to r espond with agility in a geographically dispersed environment. The core for a vi rtual organization to increase the utilization rate of resources to the maxi mum and to make full use of the transient market opportunities lies in how to br ing the potential of information technology into play. Based on the philosophy o f agile manufacturing, this paper analyses the basic concepts and connotation of Virtual Organization Information systems(VOIS). VOIS is an information system composed of some independent information subsystems that are autonomous, collab orative and belong to umpty organizations respectively. VOIS support the operati on of virtual organization, and automate the information flow across organizatio nal boundaries. Such systems have capabilities as rapid construction, quick oper ation, and agile reengineering and swift adaptability. Differences between VOIS and traditional enterprise information systems are analyzed. On the basis of ana lyzing the structure of VOIS, an abstract hierarchical structure of VOIS is prop osed using object-oriented method. Reengineering ideology and methods of VOIS a re also explored in light of the three layers structure.展开更多
Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain an...Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.展开更多
Time:May 22-24, 2019Venue:Milan, Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC) will take place in Milan, Italy, on May 22-24, 2019. ESOC 2019 will build on the eno...Time:May 22-24, 2019Venue:Milan, Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC) will take place in Milan, Italy, on May 22-24, 2019. ESOC 2019 will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization (ESO) Conferences. ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.展开更多
Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/ The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019 will build on the enormous...Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/ The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019 will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization (ESO)Conferences.ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.展开更多
Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:eso-conference.org/2019 The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference(ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019will build on the enormous success o...Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:eso-conference.org/2019 The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference(ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization(ESO)Conferences.ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.展开更多
文摘(2E,6E)-4-methyl-2,6-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)cyclohexan-1-one(L_(1))and 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzylidene]cyclohexan-1-one(L_(2))were synthesized and combined with isophthalic acid(H_(2)IP),then under solvothermal conditions,to react with transition metals achieving four novel metal-organic frameworks(MOFs):[Zn(IP)(L_(1))]_(n)(1),{[Cd(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(2),{[Co(IP)(L_(1))]·H_(2)O}_(n)(3),and[Zn(IP)(L_(2))(H_(2)O)]_(n)(4).MOFs 1-4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetry,and elemental analysis.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P2_(1)/n,and MOFs 2-4 belong to the triclinic system with the P1 space group.1-3 are 2D sheet structures,2 and 3 have similar structural characters,whereas 4 is a 1D chain structure.Furthermore,1-3 exhibited certain photocatalytic capability in the degradation of rhodamine B(Rh B)and pararosaniline hydrochloride(PH).4could be used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction starting with benzaldehyde derivative and malononitrile.4 could promote the reaction to achieve corresponding products in moderate yields within 3 h.Moreover,the catalyst exhibited recyclability for up to three cycles without significantly dropping its activity.A mechanism for MOF 4 catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reaction of aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile has been initially proposed.CCDC:2356488,1;2356497,2;2356499,3;2356498,4.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178307)China Southern Power Grid(Grant Nos.0470002022030103HX00002-01).
文摘The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNTs)during the growth process of MOF crystals,synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure.Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin.Simultaneously,the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT changed the electron cloud density on the catalytic active center Co,optimizing the electronic structure.Consequently,the E_(1/2) of the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT catalyst under neutral conditions reached 0.77 V(vs.RHE),outperforming the catalyst without CNTs.When the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT was employed as the cathode catalyst in assembling microbial fuel cells(MFCs)with Nafion-117 as the proton exchange membrane,the maxi-mum power density of MFCs reached approximately 500 mW·m^(-2).
文摘Sulfur-doped iron-cobalt tannate nanorods(S-FeCoTA)derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as electrocatalysts were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method.The optimized S-FeCoTA was interlaced by loose nanorods,which had many voids.The S-FeCoTA catalysts exhibited excellent electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with a low overpotential of 273 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2)and a small Tafel slope of 36 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)KOH.The potential remained at 1.48 V(vs RHE)at 10 mA·cm^(-2)under continuous testing for 15 h,implying that S-FeCoTA had good stability.The Faraday efficiency of S-FeCoTA was 94%.The outstanding OER activity of S-FeCoTA is attributed to the synergistic effects among S,Fe,and Co,thus promoting electron transfer,reducing the reaction kinetic barrier,and enhancing the OER performance.
基金Project(2020YFC1908802)supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China。
文摘Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter(BCDOM),an essential component of biochar,plays a vital role in regulating the physicochemical and biological properties of soils during biochar application.However,the influence of BCDOM on soil organisms has not been clearly explained.Hence,this review aims to discuss the factors affecting BCDOM and its interaction with soil substances including organic pollutants,heavy metals,and microorganisms.Results displayed that the quantity of BCDOM ranges from 0.17 to 37.03 mg/g,which was influenced by feedstock,preparation methods of biochar,and extraction methods.With the decrease in lignin content of feedstocks,carbonization temperature,and acidity of extraction solution,the content of BCDOM increased.Through complexation and adsorption,protein-like components in BCDOM interact with heavy metals,promoting the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals onto biochar.Furthermore,BCDOM enhances the adsorption of organic pollutants by biochar throughπ−πinteractions,hydrogen bonding,and redox processes.More importantly,BCDOM promotes plant growth by enhancing microbial activities,providing nutrients,and improving soil properties.However,the transport and fate of BCDOM in soil have not been well studied,and more researches are needed to explore the interaction mechanisms between BCDOM and soil organisms.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2012601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12204109)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(21JC1400200)Higher Education Indus⁃try Support Program of Gansu Province(2022CYZC-06)。
文摘Organic semiconductor materials have shown unique advantages in the development of optoelectronic devices due to their ease of preparation,low cost,lightweight,and flexibility.In this work,we explored the application of the organic semiconductor Y6-1O single crystal in photodetection devices.Firstly,Y6-1O single crystal material was prepared on a silicon substrate using solution droplet casting method.The optical properties of Y6-1O material were characterized by polarized optical microscopy,fluorescence spectroscopy,etc.,confirming its highly single crystalline performance and emission properties in the near-infrared region.Phototransistors based on Y6-1O materials with different thicknesses were then fabricated and tested.It was found that the devices exhibited good visible to near-infrared photoresponse,with the maximum photoresponse in the near-infrared region at 785 nm.The photocurrent on/off ratio reaches 10^(2),and photoresponsivity reaches 16 mA/W.It was also found that the spectral response of the device could be regulated by gate voltage as well as the material thickness,providing important conditions for optimizing the performance of near-infrared photodetectors.This study not only demonstrates the excellent performance of organic phototransistors based on Y6-1O single crystal material in near-infrared detection but also provides new ideas and directions for the future development of infrared detectors.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest in China(201503119-06-01)。
文摘In order to explore the remediation effects of lignite and biochar on Zn-contaminated soil,this experiment studied the impacts of adding lignite and biochar on soil respiration,soil enzyme activity,and organic carbon in Zn-contaminated soil through soil culture experiments,which provided a theoretical basis for the remediation and improvement as well as for the development and utilization of Zn-contaminated soil.The study was an L8(4×2^(2))orthogonal experimental design with eight treatments,in which there were four levels of Zn contamination concentration(Z0:0;Z1:125 mg•kg^(-1);Z2:250 mg•kg^(-1);Z3:500 mg•kg^(-1)),low-Zn(125-250 mg•kg^(-1))and high-Zn(500 mg•kg^(-1)),two levels of lignite(H0:0;H1:13.33 g•kg^(-1)),two levels of biochar(C0:0;C1:3.33 g•kg^(-1)),with four replicates per treatment.The results showed that lignite or biochar and their interaction had extremely significant effects on both respiration rate and accumulation in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the mixed application of lignite and biochar(Z3H1C1 treatment)had the fastest soil respiration rate and the highest soil respiration accumulation.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities in Zn-contaminated soil.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments(Z3),the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the increase of soil sucrase and catalase enzyme activities,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effects on the increase of soil polyphenol oxidase activity.Lignite,biochar and their interaction had significant or extremely significant effects on the total organic carbon,active organic carbon and microbial carbon content of Zn-contaminated soils.Soil total organic carbon content in general peaked at day 80.Among the high Zn-contaminated treatments,the addition of biochar alone had the most significant effects on the total organic carbon content of the soil,while the mixed application of lignite and biochar had the most significant effect on the microbiomass carbon content.
文摘Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put forward by analyzing the interrelating concept and research. The model takes the adaptive process as a multi-stage decision making problem. The 2-phases method is presented to calculate the model, which obtains the related parameters by running the colored Petri net （CPN） model of AOC2R and then searches for the result by ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm integrated with genetic optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the performance of AOC2R.
文摘Development of computational agent organizations or “societies” has become the domiant computing paradigm in the arena of Distributed Artificial Intelligence, and many foreseeable future applications need agent organizations, in which diversified agents cooperate in a distributed manner, forming teams. In such scenarios, the agents would need to know each other in order to facilitate the interactions. Moreover, agents in such an environment are not statically defined in advance but they can adaptively enter and leave an organization. This begs the question of how agents locate each other in order to cooperate in achieving organizational goals. Locating agents is a quite challenging task, especially in organizations that involve a large number of agents and where the resource avaiability is intermittent. The authors explore here an approach based on self organization map (SOM) which will serve as a clustering method in the light of the knowledge gathered about various agents. The approach begins by categorizing agents using a selected set of agent properties. These categories are used to derive various ranks and a distance matrix. The SOM algorithm uses this matrix as input to obtain clusters of agents. These clusters reduce the search space, resulting in a relatively short agent search time.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70371052).
文摘The concept of organization decision support system （ODSS） is defined according to practical applications and novel understanding. And a framework for ODSS is designed. The framework has three components： infrastructure, decision-making process and decision execution process. Infrastructure is responsible to transfer data and information. Decision-making process is the ODSS＇s soul to support decision-making. Decision execution process is to evaluate and execute decision results derived from decision-making process. The framework presents a kind of logic architecture. An example is given to verify and analyze the framework. The analysis shows that the framework has practical values, and has also reference values for understanding ODSS and for theoretical studies.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60172012) Hunan Provincial NaturalScience Foundation of China (03JJY3110) .
文摘The problem of constructing global view of heterogeneous information sources for information sharing is becoming more and more important due to the availability of multiple information sources within the virtual organization. Global view is defined to provide a unified representation of the information in the different sources by analyzing concept schemas associated with them and resolving possible semantic heterogeneity. An ontology-based method for global view construction is proposed. In the method, （ 1 ） Based on the formal ontologies, the concept of semantic affinity is introduced to assess the level of semantic relationship between information classes from different information sources; （2） Information classes are classified by semantic affinity levels using clustering procedures so that their different representations can be analyzed for unification; （3） Global view is constructed starting from selected clusters by unifying representation of their elements. The application example of using the method in the joint-aerial defense organization is illustrated and the result shows that the proposed method is feasible.
基金This paper is an achievement of the national social science fund research project(On Chinese Military administrative litigation,NO:18cfx020).
文摘The social organization is the periodic product of the change of social management mode before and after the reform and opening-up. Under the background of governance theory,the status of social organizations must be further enhanced. To realize the modernization of the national governance system, it is necessary to further develop and improve social organizations to meet the needs of The Times when traditional social management changes to modern social governance. The generation of pivotal social organizations should aim at improving the governance of social organizations. The key lies in the implementation of the concept of"separation of politics and society". The construction of pivotal social organization should become the representative of social interests in function,break away from the color of"official office"in main body, and strengthen the cultivation, service and supervision of social organization in behavior.
文摘The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and international attention.Once a vibrant area,Gulu has been shuttered by the Lord Resistance Army (LRA)atrocities,a region where several vehicles were burnt and people were butchered.The purpose of
文摘In the process of agricultural commercialization, it is crucial to develop specialized co-operative organizations as well as to apply initiatives to protect agriculture by the government. Government should organize peasants to enter, adapt and influence the market Peasants should participate and affect policies, monitor the implementation of agricultural protection policy, and form self-protecting mechanism through co-operative organizations.
文摘It is now possible to organize globally while worki ng locally: Information technologies like e-mail, the Internet, and video confere ncing to the desktop permit tight coordination of geographically dispersed worke rs across time zones and cultures. Companies are not limited to physical locatio ns for providing products and services. Networked information systems are allowi ng companies to coordinate their geographically distributed capabilities as virt ual organizations. In order for organizations to succeed, they must be able to r espond with agility in a geographically dispersed environment. The core for a vi rtual organization to increase the utilization rate of resources to the maxi mum and to make full use of the transient market opportunities lies in how to br ing the potential of information technology into play. Based on the philosophy o f agile manufacturing, this paper analyses the basic concepts and connotation of Virtual Organization Information systems(VOIS). VOIS is an information system composed of some independent information subsystems that are autonomous, collab orative and belong to umpty organizations respectively. VOIS support the operati on of virtual organization, and automate the information flow across organizatio nal boundaries. Such systems have capabilities as rapid construction, quick oper ation, and agile reengineering and swift adaptability. Differences between VOIS and traditional enterprise information systems are analyzed. On the basis of ana lyzing the structure of VOIS, an abstract hierarchical structure of VOIS is prop osed using object-oriented method. Reengineering ideology and methods of VOIS a re also explored in light of the three layers structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7157105771390522)the Key Lab for Public Engineering Audit of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Audit University(GGSS2016-08)
文摘Different from the organization structure of complex projects in Western countries, the Liang Zong hierarchical organization structure of complex projects in China has two different chains, the chief-engineer chain and the general-director chain,to handle the trade-off between technical and management decisions. However, previous works on organization search have mainly focused on the single-chain hierarchical organization in which all decisions are regarded as homogeneous. The heterogeneity and the interdependency between technical decisions and management decisions have been neglected. A two-chain hierarchical organization structure mapped from a real complex project is constructed. Then, a discrete decision model for a Liang Zong two-chain hierarchical organization in an NK model framework is proposed. This model proves that this kind of organization structure can reduce the search space by a large amount and that the search process should reach a final stable state more quickly. For a more complicated decision mechanism, a multi-agent simulation based on the above NK model is used to explore the effect of the two-chain organization structure on the speed, stability, and performance of the search process. The results provide three insights into how, compared with the single-chain hierarchical organization, the two-chain organization can improve the search process: it can reduce the number of iterations efficiently; the search is more stable because the search space is a smoother hill-like fitness landscape; in general, the search performance can be improved.However, when the organization structure is very complicated, the performance of a two-chain organization is inferior to that of a single-chain organization. These findings about the efficiency of the unique Chinese-style organization structure can be used to guide organization design for complex projects.
文摘Time:May 22-24, 2019Venue:Milan, Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC) will take place in Milan, Italy, on May 22-24, 2019. ESOC 2019 will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization (ESO) Conferences. ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.
文摘Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:http://eso-conference.org/2019/ The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference (ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019 will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization (ESO)Conferences.ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.
文摘Time:May 22-24,2019 Venue:Milan,Italy Website:eso-conference.org/2019 The 5th European Stroke Organization Conference(ESOC)will take place in Milan,Italy,on May 22-24,2019.ESOC 2019will build on the enormous success of the last four European Stroke Organization(ESO)Conferences.ESOC is Europe's leading forum for discussing and disseminating the latest advances in stroke care.
