Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and...Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.展开更多
为研究小型车和大型车两类车辆在高速公路隧道路段内的跟驰行为,本文使用“卡口相机结合激光雷达”的数据采集模式,采集广东省祈福隧道的车辆行驶轨迹,并分别提取两类车辆的跟驰轨迹数据;提出实时安全裕度偏差(Real-time Deviation of S...为研究小型车和大型车两类车辆在高速公路隧道路段内的跟驰行为,本文使用“卡口相机结合激光雷达”的数据采集模式,采集广东省祈福隧道的车辆行驶轨迹,并分别提取两类车辆的跟驰轨迹数据;提出实时安全裕度偏差(Real-time Deviation of Safety Margin,RDSM)评估车辆实时跟驰风险水平,采用模糊C-均值聚类方法将风险水平划分为无风险或低风险、中风险及高风险;从跟驰前车类型、车辆在隧道内位置、驾驶环境、当前时刻的车辆驾驶和交互状态,以及历史的车辆驾驶和交互状态这5个方面,在数据中选取26项潜在影响因素,构建两类车辆的多项Logit模型和相关随机参数Logit模型,分析和比较各项因素对两类车辆的高速公路隧道实时跟驰风险的影响,揭示影响因素的异质性。结果表明:大型车在隧道内的实时跟驰风险受到更多因素的影响;跟驰车辆与其前车的车辆类型不同时,隧道实时跟驰风险会相对降低;前车驾驶状态的波动更容易导致跟驰高风险;平均边际效应显示,相比于在隧道进口段,小型车在隧道出口段实时跟驰风险为高风险的概率增加了0.0413,大型车在隧道内部路段实时跟驰风险为高风险的概率增加了0.0155;高风险状态下的跟驰间距标准差在两类车辆中均表现出异质性。展开更多
基金Project(2008ZX07421-002) supported by the National Major Project of Science & Technology Ministry of ChinaProject(2008AA06A412) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(20009-K7-4) supported by the Research and Development of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China
文摘Factors on degradation of chlorothalonil(CLT) in water by high frequency ultrasonic irradiation were investigated.The effects of initial concentration of chlorothalonil,dosages of tertiary butyl alcohol,humic acid and initial pH value on degradation of chlorothalonil,as well as the reaction mechanism were studied.The results reveal that chlorothalonil could be effectively degradated by ultrasonic irradiation.The reaction constant value kapp decreased from 0.014 1 to 0.010 2 min-1 with the initial concentration increasing from 50 to 400 μg/L during 180 min irradiation.Tertiary butyl alcohol had negative effect on chlorothalonil degradation,while lower concentration of humic acid promoted the sonolysis,and kapp declined with the further concentration increasing.The kapp varied little when the pH value ranged from 3.10 to 10.28.It may be concluded that mechanical and pyrolysis process played main roles on the degradation of chlorothalonil in ultrasonic irradiation rather than ·OH attack.The electrical energy per order(EEo) values for sonolysis degradation of CLT were also calculated to evaluate the cost of the process.
文摘为研究小型车和大型车两类车辆在高速公路隧道路段内的跟驰行为,本文使用“卡口相机结合激光雷达”的数据采集模式,采集广东省祈福隧道的车辆行驶轨迹,并分别提取两类车辆的跟驰轨迹数据;提出实时安全裕度偏差(Real-time Deviation of Safety Margin,RDSM)评估车辆实时跟驰风险水平,采用模糊C-均值聚类方法将风险水平划分为无风险或低风险、中风险及高风险;从跟驰前车类型、车辆在隧道内位置、驾驶环境、当前时刻的车辆驾驶和交互状态,以及历史的车辆驾驶和交互状态这5个方面,在数据中选取26项潜在影响因素,构建两类车辆的多项Logit模型和相关随机参数Logit模型,分析和比较各项因素对两类车辆的高速公路隧道实时跟驰风险的影响,揭示影响因素的异质性。结果表明:大型车在隧道内的实时跟驰风险受到更多因素的影响;跟驰车辆与其前车的车辆类型不同时,隧道实时跟驰风险会相对降低;前车驾驶状态的波动更容易导致跟驰高风险;平均边际效应显示,相比于在隧道进口段,小型车在隧道出口段实时跟驰风险为高风险的概率增加了0.0413,大型车在隧道内部路段实时跟驰风险为高风险的概率增加了0.0155;高风险状态下的跟驰间距标准差在两类车辆中均表现出异质性。
