Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)sequesters large amounts of carbon and plays important roles in maintaining terrestrial soil ecosystem functions and ecological restoration;however,little is known about GRSP variati...Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)sequesters large amounts of carbon and plays important roles in maintaining terrestrial soil ecosystem functions and ecological restoration;however,little is known about GRSP variation in 1-m soil profiles and its association with stand characteristics,soil properties,and climatic conditions,hindering GRSP-related degraded soil improvement and GRSP evaluation.In this study,we sampled soils from 1-m profiles from poplar(Populus spp.)shelterbelts in Northeast China.GRSP contents were 1.8–2.0 times higher in the upper 40 cm soil layers than at 40–100 cm.GRSP-related soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration in deeper soil layers was*1.2 times higher than in surface layers.The amounts of GRSP-related nutrients were similar throughout the soil profile.A redundancy analysis showed that in both surface and deeper layers,soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity,water,SOC,and soil nutrients)explained the majority of the GRSP variation(59.5–84.2%);the second-most-important factor in GRSP regulation was climatic conditions(temperature,precipitation,and altitude),while specific shelterbelt characteristics had negligible effects(<5%).Soil depth and climate indirectly affected GRSP features via soil properties,as manifested by structural equation model analysis.Our findings demonstrate that GRSP is important for carbon storage in deep soils,regardless of shelterbelt characteristics.Future glomalin assessments should consider these vertical patterns and possible regulating mechanisms that are related to soil properties and climatic changes.展开更多
Urban forest soil is often disturbed by rapid urbanization. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality and aggregate stability. This study evaluated how soil binding agents changed aggregate stability th...Urban forest soil is often disturbed by rapid urbanization. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality and aggregate stability. This study evaluated how soil binding agents changed aggregate stability through organic mulching in urban forest soils. Three treatments were applied in Jiufeng National Forest Park, Beijing: (1) no organic mulch (control);(2) wood chips alone (5 cm thickness);and, (3) wood chips + wood compost (This mulch was divided into two layers, the upper layer of wood chips (2.5 cm), the lower layer wood compost (2.5 cm)). Soil samples were collected from the surface 10- cm soil layer and fraction into four aggregates. Glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon were measured in bulk soil and the four aggregates. The results show that wood chips + wood compost increased the proportion of large and small macroaggregates, mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. The total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the wood chips + wood compost. However, soil organic carbon was lower in the wood chips alone application compared to the controls and wood chips + wood compost. Easily extractable / total glomalin-related soil protein and glomalin-related soil protein / soil organic carbon ratios of wood chips alone and wood chips + wood compost had increased trend compared to the controls but did not reach significant levels (p > 0.05). Mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter correlated positively with total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein but were not positively correlated with soil organic carbon, the ratios of easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein, and the ratios of glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon. Redundancy analysis revealed that total glomalin-related soil protein was the most important driver for soil aggregate stability, especially the total glomalin-related soil protein of small macroaggregates. The results suggest that wood chips + wood compost enhanced soil aggregate stability through the increase of glomalin-related soil protein. Wood chips alone cannot enhance soil aggregate stability in urban forests in the short term.展开更多
在池栽条件下,研究了施氮量和花后土壤相对含水量对小麦氮代谢特性和子粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,在同一施氮量下,旗叶和子粒硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性表现为花后土壤相对含水量(Soil relative water content,SRWC)在...在池栽条件下,研究了施氮量和花后土壤相对含水量对小麦氮代谢特性和子粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,在同一施氮量下,旗叶和子粒硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性表现为花后土壤相对含水量(Soil relative water content,SRWC)在60%～70%时最高,过低(40%～50%)或过高(80%--90%)均降低NR和GS活性。旗叶蛋白酶活性随土壤相对含水量增加而降低;花后土壤相对含水量过低不利于叶片游离氨基酸含量的提高,过高则前期氨基酸合成少,后期向子粒转运不彻底。子粒游离氨基酸和蛋白质含量也随土壤相对含水量增加而降低;子粒蛋白质积累量以花后土壤相对含水量为60%～70%时最高,过高和过低均不利于子粒蛋白质积累。在同一土壤含水量下,旗叶和子粒NR和GS活性表现为随着施氮量的增加而升高,蛋白酶活性随着施氮量增加而降低;旗叶和子粒游离氨基酸含量、子粒蛋白质含量和积累量随施氮量增加而提高,但施氮量过多。蛋白质积累量增加幅度减小。试验表明,小麦生产中可以通过施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量技术,调节植株氮代谢,提高子粒蛋白质含量。展开更多
基金supported financially by China’s National Foundation of Natural Sciences(41877324,41730641)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572017DG04,2572017EA03)+1 种基金13-5 Key Research and Development Project from China Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFA0600802)Heilongjiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(JC201401)
文摘Glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)sequesters large amounts of carbon and plays important roles in maintaining terrestrial soil ecosystem functions and ecological restoration;however,little is known about GRSP variation in 1-m soil profiles and its association with stand characteristics,soil properties,and climatic conditions,hindering GRSP-related degraded soil improvement and GRSP evaluation.In this study,we sampled soils from 1-m profiles from poplar(Populus spp.)shelterbelts in Northeast China.GRSP contents were 1.8–2.0 times higher in the upper 40 cm soil layers than at 40–100 cm.GRSP-related soil organic carbon(SOC)sequestration in deeper soil layers was*1.2 times higher than in surface layers.The amounts of GRSP-related nutrients were similar throughout the soil profile.A redundancy analysis showed that in both surface and deeper layers,soil properties(pH,electrical conductivity,water,SOC,and soil nutrients)explained the majority of the GRSP variation(59.5–84.2%);the second-most-important factor in GRSP regulation was climatic conditions(temperature,precipitation,and altitude),while specific shelterbelt characteristics had negligible effects(<5%).Soil depth and climate indirectly affected GRSP features via soil properties,as manifested by structural equation model analysis.Our findings demonstrate that GRSP is important for carbon storage in deep soils,regardless of shelterbelt characteristics.Future glomalin assessments should consider these vertical patterns and possible regulating mechanisms that are related to soil properties and climatic changes.
基金This project was supported fi nancially by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant number 6202021).
文摘Urban forest soil is often disturbed by rapid urbanization. Organic mulching is effective for improving soil quality and aggregate stability. This study evaluated how soil binding agents changed aggregate stability through organic mulching in urban forest soils. Three treatments were applied in Jiufeng National Forest Park, Beijing: (1) no organic mulch (control);(2) wood chips alone (5 cm thickness);and, (3) wood chips + wood compost (This mulch was divided into two layers, the upper layer of wood chips (2.5 cm), the lower layer wood compost (2.5 cm)). Soil samples were collected from the surface 10- cm soil layer and fraction into four aggregates. Glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon were measured in bulk soil and the four aggregates. The results show that wood chips + wood compost increased the proportion of large and small macroaggregates, mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter. The total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the wood chips + wood compost. However, soil organic carbon was lower in the wood chips alone application compared to the controls and wood chips + wood compost. Easily extractable / total glomalin-related soil protein and glomalin-related soil protein / soil organic carbon ratios of wood chips alone and wood chips + wood compost had increased trend compared to the controls but did not reach significant levels (p > 0.05). Mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter correlated positively with total and easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein but were not positively correlated with soil organic carbon, the ratios of easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein, and the ratios of glomalin-related soil protein and soil organic carbon. Redundancy analysis revealed that total glomalin-related soil protein was the most important driver for soil aggregate stability, especially the total glomalin-related soil protein of small macroaggregates. The results suggest that wood chips + wood compost enhanced soil aggregate stability through the increase of glomalin-related soil protein. Wood chips alone cannot enhance soil aggregate stability in urban forests in the short term.
文摘在池栽条件下,研究了施氮量和花后土壤相对含水量对小麦氮代谢特性和子粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,在同一施氮量下,旗叶和子粒硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性表现为花后土壤相对含水量(Soil relative water content,SRWC)在60%～70%时最高,过低(40%～50%)或过高(80%--90%)均降低NR和GS活性。旗叶蛋白酶活性随土壤相对含水量增加而降低;花后土壤相对含水量过低不利于叶片游离氨基酸含量的提高,过高则前期氨基酸合成少,后期向子粒转运不彻底。子粒游离氨基酸和蛋白质含量也随土壤相对含水量增加而降低;子粒蛋白质积累量以花后土壤相对含水量为60%～70%时最高,过高和过低均不利于子粒蛋白质积累。在同一土壤含水量下,旗叶和子粒NR和GS活性表现为随着施氮量的增加而升高,蛋白酶活性随着施氮量增加而降低;旗叶和子粒游离氨基酸含量、子粒蛋白质含量和积累量随施氮量增加而提高,但施氮量过多。蛋白质积累量增加幅度减小。试验表明,小麦生产中可以通过施用氮肥和控制花后土壤水分含量技术,调节植株氮代谢,提高子粒蛋白质含量。
