Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormone...Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.展开更多
【目的】探讨猪链球菌2型超氧化物歧化酶A(SodA)、硫氧还蛋白A(TrxA)和TrxC基因在调控氧化应激和参与致病过程中的生物学功能。【方法】比较猪链球菌2型3个突变菌株ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC对抗应激能力和毒力的调控作用。通过应激存活试...【目的】探讨猪链球菌2型超氧化物歧化酶A(SodA)、硫氧还蛋白A(TrxA)和TrxC基因在调控氧化应激和参与致病过程中的生物学功能。【方法】比较猪链球菌2型3个突变菌株ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC对抗应激能力和毒力的调控作用。通过应激存活试验,分别检测SodA、TrxA和TrxC基因对不同氧化应激处理(0.04%过氧化氢(H 2O 2)、10 mol/L百草枯(PQ))的抗氧化应激能力以及不同温度(4、43℃)的抗温度应激能力;将不同基因缺失株与猪肠道上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)、小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)共培养,探究3个基因对细胞黏附和抗吞噬功能的影响;通过小鼠攻毒试验,测定各组织载菌量和血清抗氧化酶与肝功能指标,探明SodA、TrxA和TrxC基因在抗氧化应激以及致病过程中的作用。【结果】抗应激试验结果显示,在不同氧化应激和不同温度应激条件下,ΔSodA和ΔTrxC菌株存活能力均极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01),ΔTrxA菌株在43℃高温刺激下存活能力极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。细胞黏附试验结果显示,SodA和TrxA基因缺失导致细菌黏附能力降低55%~65%,极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。细胞抗吞噬试验结果显示,ΔSodA、ΔTrxC和ΔTrxA菌株在吞噬细胞中的存活率极显著或显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01;P<0.05)。动物攻毒试验结果显示,与野生菌株相比,ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC菌株毒力均极显著下降(P<0.01);ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC菌株组小鼠死亡率分别为10%、50%和20%,组织载菌量分别为3.6 lg CFU/g~4.4 lg CFU/g、4.2 lg CFU/g~5.1 lg CFU/g和3.1 lg CFU/g~4.1 lg CFU/g;野生菌株组小鼠死亡率为90%,组织载菌量为6.4 lg CFU/g~7.8 lg CFU/g。小鼠感染ΔSodA、ΔTrxC和ΔTrxA菌株后血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著高于野生菌株(P<0.01),天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。【结论】猪链球菌2型SodA和TrxC基因通过中和菌体内超氧根离子和维持蛋白稳态对抗氧化应激引起的损伤,从而介导细菌毒力,而TrxA可能作为一个调控基因参与抗氧化应激反应。展开更多
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.31690093)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(China Association for Science and Technology)
文摘Background： RING H2 finger E3 ligase （RH2FE3） genes encode cysteine rich proteins that mediate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and degrade target substrates. The roles of these genes in plant responses to phytohormones and abiotic stresses are well documented in various species, but their roles in cotton fiber development are poorly understood. To date, genome wide identification and expression analyses of Gossypium hirsutum RH2FE3 genes have not been reported. Methods： We performed computational identification, structural and phylogenetic analyses, chromosomal distribution analysis and estimated KJKs values of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Orthologous and paralogous gene pairs were identified by all versus all BLASTP searches. We predicted cis regulatory elements and analyzed microarray data sets to generate heatmaps at different development stages. Tissue specific expression in cotton fiber, and hormonal and abiotic stress responses were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction （qRT PCR） analysis. Results： We investigated 140 G hirsutum, 80 G. orboreum, and evolutionary mechanisms and compared them with orthologs 89 G. roimondii putative RH2FB genes and their in Arobidopsis and rice. A domain based analysis of the G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes predicted conserved signature motifs and gene structures. Chromosomal localization showed the genes were distributed across all G hirsutum chromosomes, and 60 duplication events （4 tandem and 56 segmental duplications） and 98 orthologs were detected, cis elements were detected in the promoter regions of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes. Microarray data and qRT PCR analyses showed that G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes were strongly correlated with cotton fiber development. Additionally, almost all the （brassinolide, gibberellic acid （GA）, indole 3-acetic acid drought, and salt）. dentified genes were up regulated in response to phytohormones （IAA）, and salicylic acid （SA）） and abiotic stresses （cold, heat, Conclusions： The genome wide identification, comprehensive analysis, and characterization of conserved domains and gene structures, as well as phylogenetic analysis, cis element prediction, and expression profile analysis of G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes and their roles in cotton fiber development and responses to plant hormones and abiotic stresses are reported here for the first time. Our findings will contribute to the genome wide analysis of putative RH2FE3 genes in other species and lay a foundation for future physiological and functional research on G hirsutum RH2FE3 genes.
文摘【目的】探讨猪链球菌2型超氧化物歧化酶A(SodA)、硫氧还蛋白A(TrxA)和TrxC基因在调控氧化应激和参与致病过程中的生物学功能。【方法】比较猪链球菌2型3个突变菌株ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC对抗应激能力和毒力的调控作用。通过应激存活试验,分别检测SodA、TrxA和TrxC基因对不同氧化应激处理(0.04%过氧化氢(H 2O 2)、10 mol/L百草枯(PQ))的抗氧化应激能力以及不同温度(4、43℃)的抗温度应激能力;将不同基因缺失株与猪肠道上皮细胞(IPEC-J2)、小鼠巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)共培养,探究3个基因对细胞黏附和抗吞噬功能的影响;通过小鼠攻毒试验,测定各组织载菌量和血清抗氧化酶与肝功能指标,探明SodA、TrxA和TrxC基因在抗氧化应激以及致病过程中的作用。【结果】抗应激试验结果显示,在不同氧化应激和不同温度应激条件下,ΔSodA和ΔTrxC菌株存活能力均极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01),ΔTrxA菌株在43℃高温刺激下存活能力极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。细胞黏附试验结果显示,SodA和TrxA基因缺失导致细菌黏附能力降低55%~65%,极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。细胞抗吞噬试验结果显示,ΔSodA、ΔTrxC和ΔTrxA菌株在吞噬细胞中的存活率极显著或显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01;P<0.05)。动物攻毒试验结果显示,与野生菌株相比,ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC菌株毒力均极显著下降(P<0.01);ΔSodA、ΔTrxA和ΔTrxC菌株组小鼠死亡率分别为10%、50%和20%,组织载菌量分别为3.6 lg CFU/g~4.4 lg CFU/g、4.2 lg CFU/g~5.1 lg CFU/g和3.1 lg CFU/g~4.1 lg CFU/g;野生菌株组小鼠死亡率为90%,组织载菌量为6.4 lg CFU/g~7.8 lg CFU/g。小鼠感染ΔSodA、ΔTrxC和ΔTrxA菌株后血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)极显著高于野生菌株(P<0.01),天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著低于野生菌株(P<0.01)。【结论】猪链球菌2型SodA和TrxC基因通过中和菌体内超氧根离子和维持蛋白稳态对抗氧化应激引起的损伤,从而介导细菌毒力,而TrxA可能作为一个调控基因参与抗氧化应激反应。
