Identification of plant-pathogenic fungi is time-consuming due to cultivation and microscopic examination and can be influenced by the interpretation of the micro-morphological characters observed.The present investig...Identification of plant-pathogenic fungi is time-consuming due to cultivation and microscopic examination and can be influenced by the interpretation of the micro-morphological characters observed.The present investigation aimed to create a simple but sophisticated method for the identification of plant-pathogenic fungi by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.In this study,FTIR-attenuated total reflectance(ATR)spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometric analysis for identification of important pathogenic fungi of horticultural plants.Mixtures of mycelia and spores from 27fungal strains belonging to nine different families were collected from liquid PD or solid PDA media cultures and subjected to FTIR-ATR spectroscopy measurements.The FTIR-ATR spectra ranging from 4 000to 400cm-1 were obtained.To classify the FTIRATR spectra,cluster analysis was compared with canonical vitiate analysis(CVA)in the spectral regions of3 050~2 800and 1 800~900cm-1.Results showed that the identification accuracies achieved 97.53%and99.18%for the cluster analysis and CVA analysis,respectively,demonstrating the high potential of this technique for fungal strain identification.展开更多
Background:The majority of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR FT-IR)investigations of cotton are focused on the fiber tissue for biological mechanisms and understanding of fiber development and...Background:The majority of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR FT-IR)investigations of cotton are focused on the fiber tissue for biological mechanisms and understanding of fiber development and maturity,but rarely on other cotton biomass comp on ents.This work examined in detail the ATR FT-IR spectral features of various cott on tissues/organs at reproductive and maturation stages,an a lyzed and discussed their biological implications.Results:The ATR FT-IR spectra of these tissues/organs were an a lyzed and compared with the focus on the lower wavenumber fingerprinting range.Six outstanding FT-IR bands at 1730,1620,1525,1235,1050 and 895 cm^(-1) represented the major C=O stretching,protein Amide I,Amide II,the O-H/N-H deformation,the total C-O-C stretching and the β-glycosidic linkage in celluloses,respectively,and impacted differently between these organs with the two growth stages.Furthermore,the band intensity at 1620,1525,1235,and 1050 cm^(-1) were exclusively and significantly correlated to the levels of protein(Amide I bond),protein(Amide II bond),cellulose,and hemicellulose,respectively,whereas the band at 1730 cm^(-1) was negatively correlated with ash content.Conclusions:The resulting observations indicated the capability of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring changes,transportation,and accumulation of the major chemical components in these tissues over the cotton growth period.In other words,this spectral technology could be an effective tool for physiological,biochemical,and morphological research related to cotton biology and development.展开更多
Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a gene...Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a genetic population,cotton geneticists often use micronaire(MIC) and/or lint percentage for classifying immature phenotypes from mature fiber phenotyp es although they are complex fiber traits.The recent development of an algorithm for determining cotton fiber maturity(MIR)from Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra explores a novel way to measure fiber maturity efficiently and accurately.However,the algorithm has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of progeny pla,nts.Results:The merits and limits of the MIC-or lint percentage-bas ed phenotyping method were demonstrated by comparing the observed phenotypes with the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes in a genetic population consisting of 708 F2 plants with various fiber maturity.The observed MIC-based fiber phenotypes matched to the predicted phenotypes better than the observed lint percenta ge-based fiber phenotypes.The lint percentage was obtained from each of F2 plants,whereas the MIC values were unable to be obtained from the entire population since certain F2 plants produced insufficient fiber mass for their measurements.To test the feasibiility of cotton fiber infrared maturity(MIR)as a viable phenotyping tool for genetic analyses,we me asured FT-IR spectra from the second population composed of 80 F2 plants with various fiber maturities,determined MIR values using the algorithms,and compared them with their genotypes in addition to other fiber phenotypes.The results showed that MIR values were successfully obtained from each of the F2 plants,and the observed MIR-based phenotypes fit well to the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes as well as the observed phenotypes based on a combination of MIC and lint percentage.Conclusions:The M,R value obtained from FT-IR spectra of cotton fibers is able to accurately assess fiber maturity of all plants of a population in a quantitative way.The technique provides an option for cotton geneticists to determine fiber maturity rapidly and efficiently.展开更多
To investigate the influence of such individual factors as gender,age and tissues in vitro to the postmortem interval(PMI) by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer in animal experiments.SD rats were classi...To investigate the influence of such individual factors as gender,age and tissues in vitro to the postmortem interval(PMI) by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer in animal experiments.SD rats were classified into male and female groups,different age groups(21-day,42-day and 63-day group),and tissues in vitro and in vivo groups.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation,whose bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at(20±2) ℃ and 50% humidity.The liver,kidney,spleen,myocardium,brain,lung and skeletal muscle tissues were collected for measurement from time zero to 48 h postmortem.With the change of PMI,no obvious changes were found in the main FTIR absorbance peaks and their ratios at different time points.All the experimental groups showed no significant changes when compared with the controls.The gender,age and tissues in vitro were not found to be contributing factors in the estimation of PMI via FTIR spectroscopy.展开更多
白三叶营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,是最重要的牧草之一。文章对SPAD及FT-NIR光谱法筛选白三叶种质蛋白质性状进行了探讨。采用Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502,测定白三叶叶片SPAD值,从而评估其蛋白质含量。在营养生长期内,叶片蛋白质含量与SPA...白三叶营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,是最重要的牧草之一。文章对SPAD及FT-NIR光谱法筛选白三叶种质蛋白质性状进行了探讨。采用Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502,测定白三叶叶片SPAD值,从而评估其蛋白质含量。在营养生长期内,叶片蛋白质含量与SPAD值呈正相关(y=0.422x+4.984,R2=0.737);在开花期内,两者之间呈负相关(y=-0.345x+37.50,R2=0.711)。应用傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱技术,用偏最小二乘法建立了白三叶蛋白质的预测模型,并对模型进行了交叉验证和外部验证。结果表明,用NIRS法得到的预测值与用凯氏定氮法得到的测定值间的交叉验证决定系数R2cv为0.904,交叉检验标准误差RMSECV为0.988(%DM),外部验证的相关系数为0.987。所建立的近红外模型具有良好的准确性和预测能力。FT-NIR法较SPAD法能更准确的评估白三叶蛋白质状况。NIRS作为一种白三叶粗蛋白质快速分析的技术是可行的,在白三叶蛋白质品质育种中,可快速进行种质资源筛选,提高育种效率。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201473)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS)funded by the Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China
文摘Identification of plant-pathogenic fungi is time-consuming due to cultivation and microscopic examination and can be influenced by the interpretation of the micro-morphological characters observed.The present investigation aimed to create a simple but sophisticated method for the identification of plant-pathogenic fungi by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy.In this study,FTIR-attenuated total reflectance(ATR)spectroscopy was used in combination with chemometric analysis for identification of important pathogenic fungi of horticultural plants.Mixtures of mycelia and spores from 27fungal strains belonging to nine different families were collected from liquid PD or solid PDA media cultures and subjected to FTIR-ATR spectroscopy measurements.The FTIR-ATR spectra ranging from 4 000to 400cm-1 were obtained.To classify the FTIRATR spectra,cluster analysis was compared with canonical vitiate analysis(CVA)in the spectral regions of3 050~2 800and 1 800~900cm-1.Results showed that the identification accuracies achieved 97.53%and99.18%for the cluster analysis and CVA analysis,respectively,demonstrating the high potential of this technique for fungal strain identification.
基金supported in part by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
文摘Background:The majority of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR FT-IR)investigations of cotton are focused on the fiber tissue for biological mechanisms and understanding of fiber development and maturity,but rarely on other cotton biomass comp on ents.This work examined in detail the ATR FT-IR spectral features of various cott on tissues/organs at reproductive and maturation stages,an a lyzed and discussed their biological implications.Results:The ATR FT-IR spectra of these tissues/organs were an a lyzed and compared with the focus on the lower wavenumber fingerprinting range.Six outstanding FT-IR bands at 1730,1620,1525,1235,1050 and 895 cm^(-1) represented the major C=O stretching,protein Amide I,Amide II,the O-H/N-H deformation,the total C-O-C stretching and the β-glycosidic linkage in celluloses,respectively,and impacted differently between these organs with the two growth stages.Furthermore,the band intensity at 1620,1525,1235,and 1050 cm^(-1) were exclusively and significantly correlated to the levels of protein(Amide I bond),protein(Amide II bond),cellulose,and hemicellulose,respectively,whereas the band at 1730 cm^(-1) was negatively correlated with ash content.Conclusions:The resulting observations indicated the capability of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring changes,transportation,and accumulation of the major chemical components in these tissues over the cotton growth period.In other words,this spectral technology could be an effective tool for physiological,biochemical,and morphological research related to cotton biology and development.
基金supported by the USDA-ARS Research Project#6054-21000-017-0ODCotton Incorporated-sponsored project#19-858
文摘Background:Cotton fiber maturity is an important property that partially determines the processing and performance of cotton.Due to difficulties of obtaining fiber maturity values accurately from every plant of a genetic population,cotton geneticists often use micronaire(MIC) and/or lint percentage for classifying immature phenotypes from mature fiber phenotyp es although they are complex fiber traits.The recent development of an algorithm for determining cotton fiber maturity(MIR)from Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra explores a novel way to measure fiber maturity efficiently and accurately.However,the algorithm has not been tested with a genetic population consisting of a large number of progeny pla,nts.Results:The merits and limits of the MIC-or lint percentage-bas ed phenotyping method were demonstrated by comparing the observed phenotypes with the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes in a genetic population consisting of 708 F2 plants with various fiber maturity.The observed MIC-based fiber phenotypes matched to the predicted phenotypes better than the observed lint percenta ge-based fiber phenotypes.The lint percentage was obtained from each of F2 plants,whereas the MIC values were unable to be obtained from the entire population since certain F2 plants produced insufficient fiber mass for their measurements.To test the feasibiility of cotton fiber infrared maturity(MIR)as a viable phenotyping tool for genetic analyses,we me asured FT-IR spectra from the second population composed of 80 F2 plants with various fiber maturities,determined MIR values using the algorithms,and compared them with their genotypes in addition to other fiber phenotypes.The results showed that MIR values were successfully obtained from each of the F2 plants,and the observed MIR-based phenotypes fit well to the predicted phenotypes based on their DNA marker genotypes as well as the observed phenotypes based on a combination of MIC and lint percentage.Conclusions:The M,R value obtained from FT-IR spectra of cotton fibers is able to accurately assess fiber maturity of all plants of a population in a quantitative way.The technique provides an option for cotton geneticists to determine fiber maturity rapidly and efficiently.
基金Acknowledgement This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81072509） and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine （No. KF0905）.
文摘To investigate the influence of such individual factors as gender,age and tissues in vitro to the postmortem interval(PMI) by the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometer in animal experiments.SD rats were classified into male and female groups,different age groups(21-day,42-day and 63-day group),and tissues in vitro and in vivo groups.The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation,whose bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at(20±2) ℃ and 50% humidity.The liver,kidney,spleen,myocardium,brain,lung and skeletal muscle tissues were collected for measurement from time zero to 48 h postmortem.With the change of PMI,no obvious changes were found in the main FTIR absorbance peaks and their ratios at different time points.All the experimental groups showed no significant changes when compared with the controls.The gender,age and tissues in vitro were not found to be contributing factors in the estimation of PMI via FTIR spectroscopy.
文摘白三叶营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,是最重要的牧草之一。文章对SPAD及FT-NIR光谱法筛选白三叶种质蛋白质性状进行了探讨。采用Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502,测定白三叶叶片SPAD值,从而评估其蛋白质含量。在营养生长期内,叶片蛋白质含量与SPAD值呈正相关(y=0.422x+4.984,R2=0.737);在开花期内,两者之间呈负相关(y=-0.345x+37.50,R2=0.711)。应用傅里叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱技术,用偏最小二乘法建立了白三叶蛋白质的预测模型,并对模型进行了交叉验证和外部验证。结果表明,用NIRS法得到的预测值与用凯氏定氮法得到的测定值间的交叉验证决定系数R2cv为0.904,交叉检验标准误差RMSECV为0.988(%DM),外部验证的相关系数为0.987。所建立的近红外模型具有良好的准确性和预测能力。FT-NIR法较SPAD法能更准确的评估白三叶蛋白质状况。NIRS作为一种白三叶粗蛋白质快速分析的技术是可行的,在白三叶蛋白质品质育种中,可快速进行种质资源筛选,提高育种效率。
