Nutritional accumulation mainly occurres from growth stage 2 to stage 3(lotus-setting stage to early heading stage, 48 - 72 days after transplanting)in Chinese cabbage. The uptake ratio of N and K is nearly l:l,and th...Nutritional accumulation mainly occurres from growth stage 2 to stage 3(lotus-setting stage to early heading stage, 48 - 72 days after transplanting)in Chinese cabbage. The uptake ratio of N and K is nearly l:l,and their uptake amounts are obviously higher than that of P. Balanced fertilization .especially the suitable combination of N and K,is important for the production of high yield and high quality.展开更多
RanGAP1 is a Ran GTPase-activating protein that plays a pivotal role in the majority of nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. The protein is limited to somatic cells. In this study, the localization and possible funct...RanGAP1 is a Ran GTPase-activating protein that plays a pivotal role in the majority of nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. The protein is limited to somatic cells. In this study, the localization and possible functions of RanGAP1 were examined during mouse oocyte fertilization. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that after sperm penetration, RanGAP1 was found to diffuse within the cytoplasm, but concentrated in the microtuble of the reversed spindle and the constriction ring between the oocyte and the second polar body; with the expansion of sperm chromatin, RanGAP1 began to move to the region around the expanding sperm and oocyte chromatin, and gradually concentrated around the growing parents pronuclei. After the male and female pronuclei apposed, the membrane of one pronuclei broke first, numerous concentrated RanGAP1 dots were observed in the chromosome region. With the chromatin condensing into chromosome, the parents chromosomes mixed together and prepared to start the first mitosis, the condensed RanGAP1 was just the shape of the microtuble to assemble the first mitosis spindle. These showed that RanGAP1 played an important role in regulating spindle functions, chromosome alignment, PB2 extrusion and pronuclei nuclear envelope assembly/disassembly in mouse oocyte fertilization.展开更多
The effects of various Ca 2+ modifying drugs on moue egg fertilization were studied.Ca 2+ chelator,ethylen glycol bis (2 aminoethyl) tetracetic acid(EGTA),and calmodulin (CaM) antagonist,trifluoperzaine...The effects of various Ca 2+ modifying drugs on moue egg fertilization were studied.Ca 2+ chelator,ethylen glycol bis (2 aminoethyl) tetracetic acid(EGTA),and calmodulin (CaM) antagonist,trifluoperzaine(TFP),inhibited fertilization in a dose dependent manner,whild Ca 2+ channel bolcker,verapamil,did not have any effect.When intracellular Ca 2+ release was blocked by 8 (N,N diethylamino) octy1 3,4, 5 trimethoxybenzonate(TMB 8) or the Ca 2+ oscillations were inhibited by an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase,thapsigargin,the second polar body emission and pronuclear formation were significantly decreased.In contrast,inhibition of intracellular Ca 2+ release via bolckage of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) production by neomycin or lithium did not affect fertilization.The results sugest that both extracellular influx,intracellular Ca 2+ release and CaM activation are required for normal fertilization.However,extracellular influx through voltage gated Ca 2+ channel and intracellular release induced by IP3 are not the only pathways for producing Ca 2+ transients in moue eggs.展开更多
Phosphorus is crucial to crop growth and yield because of its multiple effects on plant nutrition. Most tropical soils have low plant available phosphorus and there is the need for external input of P to achieve optim...Phosphorus is crucial to crop growth and yield because of its multiple effects on plant nutrition. Most tropical soils have low plant available phosphorus and there is the need for external input of P to achieve optimum yield. The response of soybean to different sources and levels of phosphorus fertilization were therefore investigated between August, 2013 and January, 2014. The treatments consisted of four fertilizer sources [Sokoto Rock Phosphate （SRP）, single super phosphate, Di-Ammonium Phosphate （DAP） and control] and five levels of fertilizers （0, 15, 30, 60 and 75 kg P· hm-2） fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with three replications. Soil samples were collected, processed and analyzed before planting and after harvest. Data on growth （plants height, numbers of leaves, numbers of branches and numbers of flowers） and yield （pod and grain weights） were analyzed using ANOVA and significant means were separated using LSD at 5% probability level. Application of DAP at 15 kg P· hm2 and 30 kg P· hm2 produced the highest grain yield and showed significant differences in plant height, numbers of leaves and numbers of branches. SRP should not be recommended for the study area, because there was no significant difference across all the parameters and it was characterized with low grain yield, due to its level of acidity and the mildly acidic nature of the soil.展开更多
Regressive models were obtained by employing '311 B' and '3414' optimal regressive desingns through 5 year (1993～1997) field experiment,and by datum processing with computer.These models express the...Regressive models were obtained by employing '311 B' and '3414' optimal regressive desingns through 5 year (1993～1997) field experiment,and by datum processing with computer.These models express the relationships between corn yields in high,middle and low yield areas and N,P,and K application rates in black soil.By analysis to the models,the fertilizer application rates for maximum yield and optimal yield were achieved.展开更多
【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference fo...【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.展开更多
The objective of this incubation study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer and biochar,both individually and in combination,on soil respiration dynamics,key enzyme activities and the conc...The objective of this incubation study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer and biochar,both individually and in combination,on soil respiration dynamics,key enzyme activities and the concentrations of various organic carbon components in degraded mollisol.This study used a completely randomized factorial design with three application rates of organic fertilizer(M0:0,M1:13.64 g·kg^(-1),M2:27.27 g·kg^(-1))and biochar(C0:0,C1:1.36 g·kg^(-1),C2:2.73 g·kg^(-1)),resulting in nine treatments with four replicates each.Soil CO_(2) flux,organic carbon fractions including the total,active and microbial biomass carbon,and enzyme activities(sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase)were measured over 120 days.Results indicated that the factors and their interactions significantly influenced all measured parameters.Soil respiration peaked at day 15,with M1C2 treatment exhibiting a rate of 10.90-fold higher than the control.The concentrations of the total,active and microbial biomass organic carbon reached maximum values on days 60,30 and 80,respectively.Notably,M2C1 treatment yielded the highest total organic carbon(86.35%increase)and microbial biomass carbon(17.84%increase).Enzyme activities were significantly enhanced,with the highest catalase activity observed for M0C2 treatment(10.14%increase).These results demonstrated that the co-application of organic fertilizer and biochar was a effective strategy for improving soil biological health and promoting carbon sequestration in degraded mollisol.The treatment combining a high rate of organic fertilizer with a low rate of biochar(M2C1)was identified as the most promising amendment strategy for fertility restoration.展开更多
This paper reports the diagnosis studies of soil nutrient status and deficiency of 12nutrients elements by using the systematic approach of soil nutrient status.The characteristicsof vegetable soils,the nutrient balan...This paper reports the diagnosis studies of soil nutrient status and deficiency of 12nutrients elements by using the systematic approach of soil nutrient status.The characteristicsof vegetable soils,the nutrient balance of different vegetable soils and the limiting factors andtheir extent to reducing yield in developing and developed vegetable soils were studied.And thebalance fertilization for further yield-increasing and quality improving was recommended.展开更多
植物雄性不育（male sterility,MS）既是植物生殖生物学研究中的一个重要植物学性状,也是研究作物杂种优势利用的一个重要农艺性状,在作物育种和分子生物学研究中具有重要地位。植物雄性不育可分为细胞核雄性不育（genic male sterility...植物雄性不育（male sterility,MS）既是植物生殖生物学研究中的一个重要植物学性状,也是研究作物杂种优势利用的一个重要农艺性状,在作物育种和分子生物学研究中具有重要地位。植物雄性不育可分为细胞核雄性不育（genic male sterility,GMS）和细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）。GMS由核不育基因控制,无正反交遗传效应;CMS由线粒体不育基因和核恢复基因（restorer of fertility,Rf）共同调控，线粒体基因导致不育，Rf能改变线粒体中不育基因的表达，使不育系恢复育性。展开更多
In addition to wind erosion, water erosion and desertification, there havebeen two serious constraints on drylands in China: water stress and nutrient stress.Nutrient stress, including nutrient deficiency, nutrient im...In addition to wind erosion, water erosion and desertification, there havebeen two serious constraints on drylands in China: water stress and nutrient stress.Nutrient stress, including nutrient deficiency, nutrient imbalance, and nutrient lossesby different ways does not only influence crop production by itself but also in-fluences soil’s water use efficiency. For this reason, more attention has been givenby scientists to the management of nutrients in dryland, soils.展开更多
文摘Nutritional accumulation mainly occurres from growth stage 2 to stage 3(lotus-setting stage to early heading stage, 48 - 72 days after transplanting)in Chinese cabbage. The uptake ratio of N and K is nearly l:l,and their uptake amounts are obviously higher than that of P. Balanced fertilization .especially the suitable combination of N and K,is important for the production of high yield and high quality.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Face Project)(C2016021)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Feed Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Heilongjiang Province(yy-2012-10)
文摘RanGAP1 is a Ran GTPase-activating protein that plays a pivotal role in the majority of nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways. The protein is limited to somatic cells. In this study, the localization and possible functions of RanGAP1 were examined during mouse oocyte fertilization. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that after sperm penetration, RanGAP1 was found to diffuse within the cytoplasm, but concentrated in the microtuble of the reversed spindle and the constriction ring between the oocyte and the second polar body; with the expansion of sperm chromatin, RanGAP1 began to move to the region around the expanding sperm and oocyte chromatin, and gradually concentrated around the growing parents pronuclei. After the male and female pronuclei apposed, the membrane of one pronuclei broke first, numerous concentrated RanGAP1 dots were observed in the chromosome region. With the chromatin condensing into chromosome, the parents chromosomes mixed together and prepared to start the first mitosis, the condensed RanGAP1 was just the shape of the microtuble to assemble the first mitosis spindle. These showed that RanGAP1 played an important role in regulating spindle functions, chromosome alignment, PB2 extrusion and pronuclei nuclear envelope assembly/disassembly in mouse oocyte fertilization.
文摘The effects of various Ca 2+ modifying drugs on moue egg fertilization were studied.Ca 2+ chelator,ethylen glycol bis (2 aminoethyl) tetracetic acid(EGTA),and calmodulin (CaM) antagonist,trifluoperzaine(TFP),inhibited fertilization in a dose dependent manner,whild Ca 2+ channel bolcker,verapamil,did not have any effect.When intracellular Ca 2+ release was blocked by 8 (N,N diethylamino) octy1 3,4, 5 trimethoxybenzonate(TMB 8) or the Ca 2+ oscillations were inhibited by an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase,thapsigargin,the second polar body emission and pronuclear formation were significantly decreased.In contrast,inhibition of intracellular Ca 2+ release via bolckage of inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) production by neomycin or lithium did not affect fertilization.The results sugest that both extracellular influx,intracellular Ca 2+ release and CaM activation are required for normal fertilization.However,extracellular influx through voltage gated Ca 2+ channel and intracellular release induced by IP3 are not the only pathways for producing Ca 2+ transients in moue eggs.
文摘Phosphorus is crucial to crop growth and yield because of its multiple effects on plant nutrition. Most tropical soils have low plant available phosphorus and there is the need for external input of P to achieve optimum yield. The response of soybean to different sources and levels of phosphorus fertilization were therefore investigated between August, 2013 and January, 2014. The treatments consisted of four fertilizer sources [Sokoto Rock Phosphate （SRP）, single super phosphate, Di-Ammonium Phosphate （DAP） and control] and five levels of fertilizers （0, 15, 30, 60 and 75 kg P· hm-2） fitted into Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） with three replications. Soil samples were collected, processed and analyzed before planting and after harvest. Data on growth （plants height, numbers of leaves, numbers of branches and numbers of flowers） and yield （pod and grain weights） were analyzed using ANOVA and significant means were separated using LSD at 5% probability level. Application of DAP at 15 kg P· hm2 and 30 kg P· hm2 produced the highest grain yield and showed significant differences in plant height, numbers of leaves and numbers of branches. SRP should not be recommended for the study area, because there was no significant difference across all the parameters and it was characterized with low grain yield, due to its level of acidity and the mildly acidic nature of the soil.
文摘Regressive models were obtained by employing '311 B' and '3414' optimal regressive desingns through 5 year (1993～1997) field experiment,and by datum processing with computer.These models express the relationships between corn yields in high,middle and low yield areas and N,P,and K application rates in black soil.By analysis to the models,the fertilizer application rates for maximum yield and optimal yield were achieved.
基金Key Research project of Gansu Province of China(22YF7NA108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860549)+1 种基金Industry Supporting Project from Education Department of Gansu Province(2023CYZC-49)Major Science and Technology project of Gansu province(24ZDNA006)。
文摘【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest in China(201503119-06-01)。
文摘The objective of this incubation study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer and biochar,both individually and in combination,on soil respiration dynamics,key enzyme activities and the concentrations of various organic carbon components in degraded mollisol.This study used a completely randomized factorial design with three application rates of organic fertilizer(M0:0,M1:13.64 g·kg^(-1),M2:27.27 g·kg^(-1))and biochar(C0:0,C1:1.36 g·kg^(-1),C2:2.73 g·kg^(-1)),resulting in nine treatments with four replicates each.Soil CO_(2) flux,organic carbon fractions including the total,active and microbial biomass carbon,and enzyme activities(sucrase,catalase and polyphenol oxidase)were measured over 120 days.Results indicated that the factors and their interactions significantly influenced all measured parameters.Soil respiration peaked at day 15,with M1C2 treatment exhibiting a rate of 10.90-fold higher than the control.The concentrations of the total,active and microbial biomass organic carbon reached maximum values on days 60,30 and 80,respectively.Notably,M2C1 treatment yielded the highest total organic carbon(86.35%increase)and microbial biomass carbon(17.84%increase).Enzyme activities were significantly enhanced,with the highest catalase activity observed for M0C2 treatment(10.14%increase).These results demonstrated that the co-application of organic fertilizer and biochar was a effective strategy for improving soil biological health and promoting carbon sequestration in degraded mollisol.The treatment combining a high rate of organic fertilizer with a low rate of biochar(M2C1)was identified as the most promising amendment strategy for fertility restoration.
文摘This paper reports the diagnosis studies of soil nutrient status and deficiency of 12nutrients elements by using the systematic approach of soil nutrient status.The characteristicsof vegetable soils,the nutrient balance of different vegetable soils and the limiting factors andtheir extent to reducing yield in developing and developed vegetable soils were studied.And thebalance fertilization for further yield-increasing and quality improving was recommended.
文摘植物雄性不育（male sterility,MS）既是植物生殖生物学研究中的一个重要植物学性状,也是研究作物杂种优势利用的一个重要农艺性状,在作物育种和分子生物学研究中具有重要地位。植物雄性不育可分为细胞核雄性不育（genic male sterility,GMS）和细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS）。GMS由核不育基因控制,无正反交遗传效应;CMS由线粒体不育基因和核恢复基因（restorer of fertility,Rf）共同调控，线粒体基因导致不育，Rf能改变线粒体中不育基因的表达，使不育系恢复育性。
文摘In addition to wind erosion, water erosion and desertification, there havebeen two serious constraints on drylands in China: water stress and nutrient stress.Nutrient stress, including nutrient deficiency, nutrient imbalance, and nutrient lossesby different ways does not only influence crop production by itself but also in-fluences soil’s water use efficiency. For this reason, more attention has been givenby scientists to the management of nutrients in dryland, soils.
