Stage-investing strategy is a primary measure to mitigate asymmetric information during equity investment. This paper attempts to investigate the problem faced by equity investors wishing to make optimal investment de...Stage-investing strategy is a primary measure to mitigate asymmetric information during equity investment. This paper attempts to investigate the problem faced by equity investors wishing to make optimal investment decision under stage-investing strategy. A serial investment-decision making model will be designed to help investors to take the best choice.展开更多
Congestion pricing is an important component of urban intelligent transport system.The efficiency,equity and the environmental impacts associated with road pricing schemes are key issues that should be considered befo...Congestion pricing is an important component of urban intelligent transport system.The efficiency,equity and the environmental impacts associated with road pricing schemes are key issues that should be considered before such schemes are implemented.This paper focuses on the cordon-based pricing with distance tolls,where the tolls are determined by a nonlinear function of a vehicles' travel distance within a cordon,termed as toll charge function.The optimal tolls can give rise to:1) higher total social benefits,2) better levels of equity,and 3) reduced environmental impacts(e.g.,less emission).Firstly,a deterministic equilibrium(DUE) model with elastic demand is presented to evaluate any given toll charge function.The distance tolls are non-additive,thus a modified path-based gradient projection algorithm is developed to solve the DUE model.Then,to quantitatively measure the equity level of each toll charge function,the Gini coefficient is adopted to measure the equity level of the flows in the entire transport network based on equilibrium flows.The total emission level is used to reflect the impacts of distance tolls on the environment.With these two indexes/measurements for the efficiency,equity and environmental issues as well as the DUE model,a multi-objective bi-level programming model is then developed to determine optimal distance tolls.The multi-objective model is converted to a single level model using the goal programming.A genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to determine solutions.Finally,a numerical example is presented to verify the methodology.展开更多
日本虽然在人均期望寿命和婴儿死亡率方面取得了显著成就,但依然面临着人口快速老龄化以及低出生率等问题,其卫生体系面临着财政上的压力。2015年11月,《The New England Journal of Medicine》杂志发表的题为＂The Future of Japan＇s ...日本虽然在人均期望寿命和婴儿死亡率方面取得了显著成就,但依然面临着人口快速老龄化以及低出生率等问题,其卫生体系面临着财政上的压力。2015年11月,《The New England Journal of Medicine》杂志发表的题为＂The Future of Japan＇s Health SystemSustaining Good Health with Equity at Low Cost＂的文章指出,为应对上述挑战,到2035年日本的卫生体系需要进行模式转变,即从重投入转向重结果,从关注服务数量向关注服务质量转变,从政府调控到市场自我调控转变，从治疗向预防转变，从专业服务向整合医疗和社会服务部门转变。展开更多
China has a long history in accounting. The calculating and recording as accounting begun as far as with the middle or late period of the Old Stone Age. Accounting characters appeared in China and had an initial scale...China has a long history in accounting. The calculating and recording as accounting begun as far as with the middle or late period of the Old Stone Age. Accounting characters appeared in China and had an initial scale during the period of B.C. 1100 to B.C. 250 when the Sizhou Dynasty and the Spring and Fall Battling states existed. "Accounting" was called for the first time in China during the periods of the Sizhou and the Spring and Fall Battling states. While展开更多
文摘Stage-investing strategy is a primary measure to mitigate asymmetric information during equity investment. This paper attempts to investigate the problem faced by equity investors wishing to make optimal investment decision under stage-investing strategy. A serial investment-decision making model will be designed to help investors to take the best choice.
基金Projects (61304198,61374195) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (2013M530159,2014T70351) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Congestion pricing is an important component of urban intelligent transport system.The efficiency,equity and the environmental impacts associated with road pricing schemes are key issues that should be considered before such schemes are implemented.This paper focuses on the cordon-based pricing with distance tolls,where the tolls are determined by a nonlinear function of a vehicles' travel distance within a cordon,termed as toll charge function.The optimal tolls can give rise to:1) higher total social benefits,2) better levels of equity,and 3) reduced environmental impacts(e.g.,less emission).Firstly,a deterministic equilibrium(DUE) model with elastic demand is presented to evaluate any given toll charge function.The distance tolls are non-additive,thus a modified path-based gradient projection algorithm is developed to solve the DUE model.Then,to quantitatively measure the equity level of each toll charge function,the Gini coefficient is adopted to measure the equity level of the flows in the entire transport network based on equilibrium flows.The total emission level is used to reflect the impacts of distance tolls on the environment.With these two indexes/measurements for the efficiency,equity and environmental issues as well as the DUE model,a multi-objective bi-level programming model is then developed to determine optimal distance tolls.The multi-objective model is converted to a single level model using the goal programming.A genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to determine solutions.Finally,a numerical example is presented to verify the methodology.
文摘日本虽然在人均期望寿命和婴儿死亡率方面取得了显著成就,但依然面临着人口快速老龄化以及低出生率等问题,其卫生体系面临着财政上的压力。2015年11月,《The New England Journal of Medicine》杂志发表的题为＂The Future of Japan＇s Health SystemSustaining Good Health with Equity at Low Cost＂的文章指出,为应对上述挑战,到2035年日本的卫生体系需要进行模式转变,即从重投入转向重结果,从关注服务数量向关注服务质量转变,从政府调控到市场自我调控转变，从治疗向预防转变，从专业服务向整合医疗和社会服务部门转变。
文摘China has a long history in accounting. The calculating and recording as accounting begun as far as with the middle or late period of the Old Stone Age. Accounting characters appeared in China and had an initial scale during the period of B.C. 1100 to B.C. 250 when the Sizhou Dynasty and the Spring and Fall Battling states existed. "Accounting" was called for the first time in China during the periods of the Sizhou and the Spring and Fall Battling states. While
