In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life ...In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life of the two types of hubs are investigated based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)theory.The results indicate that the adverse impact on environment can be effectively reduced by the application of magnesium alloy hubs.Compared with aluminum alloy hubs,the global warming potential(GWP)and human toxicity potential(HTP)are reduced by 39.6%and 24.0%,respectively.CO2 is the main pollutant in the life cycles of the two kinds of hubs,which is generated throughout the whole life cycle including the fabrication process and the service life,while the pollutants of particles mainly come from the fabrication stage.Compared with the aluminum alloy hubs,the green effect brought by magnesium alloy hubs is mainly due to the reduction of fuel consumption caused by weight loss.展开更多
By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway a...By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.展开更多
Interplanetary meteoroids and space debris can impact satellites orbiting the Earth or spacecraft traveling to the Moon.Targeting China Space Station(CSS),7 satellites selected from the constellation of Beidou Navigat...Interplanetary meteoroids and space debris can impact satellites orbiting the Earth or spacecraft traveling to the Moon.Targeting China Space Station(CSS),7 satellites selected from the constellation of Beidou Navigation Satellite System Phase III(BDS-3),and 3 spacecraft orbiting the Moon,we have adopted in the paper the Meteoroid Engineering Model 3,Divine-Staubach meteoroid environment model,and Jenniskens-McBride meteoroid steam model to analyze the meteoroid environment with the mass range of 10–6~10 g.Orbital Debris Engineering Model 3.1 space debris model is used to analyze the orbital debris environment faced by these satellites.The flux of space debris with a size larger than 100μm is compared with that of the meteoroids.The results show that the space debris flux encountered by China Space Station is much higher than that of the meteoroids with sizes in the above range.And quite the opposite,the meteoroids flux impacting the 7 satellites from the BDS-3 is higher.Upon adopting the double-layer Whipple protection measure,the catastrophic collision flux of these satellites encountering meteoroids is about 10–6 times of that without protection,or even less,implying that the Whipple protection effectively guarantees the safety of the satellites in orbit.Besides,it is also found that the flux of the high-density meteoroid population encountered by each satellite is greater than that of the low-density population,whereas the impact velocity is lower for each satellite.These results can aid the orbit selection and the protection design for satellites and spacecraft.展开更多
随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的...随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的环境足迹(含碳足迹),解析了原料皮、化学品、制革生产能耗、上游运输、废物处理和包装材料等清单数据对环境影响的贡献。牛皮沙发革全球增温潜势(GWP)结果为11.6 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革,其中原料皮的贡献率高达79.6%,其余清单数据(不含原料皮)的贡献仅为2.37 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革。一次能源消耗参数结果为73.8 MJ/m^(2)成革,化学品、制革生产能耗和原料皮的贡献率分别为39.4%、30.6%和24.6%。水资源消耗参数结果为907.9 kg/m^(2)成革,原料皮的贡献率为93.2%。生态毒性参数结果为56.3 CTUe/m^(2)成革,与铬鞣剂用量密切相关。由此可见,提高原料皮的资源化利用率是皮革产品实现绿色低碳制造的关键。展开更多
基金Projects(51605159,51475162)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(16B092)supported by the Hunan Education Department Outstanding Youth Foundation,ChinaProject(2016JJ5042)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life of the two types of hubs are investigated based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)theory.The results indicate that the adverse impact on environment can be effectively reduced by the application of magnesium alloy hubs.Compared with aluminum alloy hubs,the global warming potential(GWP)and human toxicity potential(HTP)are reduced by 39.6%and 24.0%,respectively.CO2 is the main pollutant in the life cycles of the two kinds of hubs,which is generated throughout the whole life cycle including the fabrication process and the service life,while the pollutants of particles mainly come from the fabrication stage.Compared with the aluminum alloy hubs,the green effect brought by magnesium alloy hubs is mainly due to the reduction of fuel consumption caused by weight loss.
文摘By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42074224)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRE-KT-2021-3)Pandeng Program of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Interplanetary meteoroids and space debris can impact satellites orbiting the Earth or spacecraft traveling to the Moon.Targeting China Space Station(CSS),7 satellites selected from the constellation of Beidou Navigation Satellite System Phase III(BDS-3),and 3 spacecraft orbiting the Moon,we have adopted in the paper the Meteoroid Engineering Model 3,Divine-Staubach meteoroid environment model,and Jenniskens-McBride meteoroid steam model to analyze the meteoroid environment with the mass range of 10–6~10 g.Orbital Debris Engineering Model 3.1 space debris model is used to analyze the orbital debris environment faced by these satellites.The flux of space debris with a size larger than 100μm is compared with that of the meteoroids.The results show that the space debris flux encountered by China Space Station is much higher than that of the meteoroids with sizes in the above range.And quite the opposite,the meteoroids flux impacting the 7 satellites from the BDS-3 is higher.Upon adopting the double-layer Whipple protection measure,the catastrophic collision flux of these satellites encountering meteoroids is about 10–6 times of that without protection,or even less,implying that the Whipple protection effectively guarantees the safety of the satellites in orbit.Besides,it is also found that the flux of the high-density meteoroid population encountered by each satellite is greater than that of the low-density population,whereas the impact velocity is lower for each satellite.These results can aid the orbit selection and the protection design for satellites and spacecraft.
文摘随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的环境足迹(含碳足迹),解析了原料皮、化学品、制革生产能耗、上游运输、废物处理和包装材料等清单数据对环境影响的贡献。牛皮沙发革全球增温潜势(GWP)结果为11.6 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革,其中原料皮的贡献率高达79.6%,其余清单数据(不含原料皮)的贡献仅为2.37 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革。一次能源消耗参数结果为73.8 MJ/m^(2)成革,化学品、制革生产能耗和原料皮的贡献率分别为39.4%、30.6%和24.6%。水资源消耗参数结果为907.9 kg/m^(2)成革,原料皮的贡献率为93.2%。生态毒性参数结果为56.3 CTUe/m^(2)成革,与铬鞣剂用量密切相关。由此可见,提高原料皮的资源化利用率是皮革产品实现绿色低碳制造的关键。
