Electronic warfare is a modern combat mode,in which predicting digital material consumption is a key for material requirements planning(MRP).In this paper,we introduce an insensitive loss function(ε) and propose a ε...Electronic warfare is a modern combat mode,in which predicting digital material consumption is a key for material requirements planning(MRP).In this paper,we introduce an insensitive loss function(ε) and propose a ε-SVR-based prediction approach.First,we quantify values of influencing factors of digital equipments in electronic warfare and a small-sample data on real consumption to form a real combat data set,and preprocess it to construct the sample space.Subsequently,we establish the ε-SVR-based prediction model based on "wartime influencing factors-material consumption" and perform model training.In case study,we give 8 historical battle events with battle damage data and predict 3 representative kinds of digital materials by using the proposed approach.The results illustrate its higher accuracy and more convenience compared with other current approaches.Taking data acquisition controller prediction as an example,our model has better prediction performance(RMSE=0.575 7,MAPE(%)=12.037 6 and R^2=0.996 0) compared with BP neural network model(RMSE=1.272 9,MAPE(%)=23.577 5 and R^2=0.980 3) and GM(1,1) model(RMSE=2.095 0,MAPE(%)=24.188 0 and R^2=0.946 6).The fact shows that the approach can be used to support decision-making for MRP in electronic warfare.展开更多
Transmit waveform optimization is critical to radar system performance. There have been a fruit of achievements about waveform design in recent years. However, most of the existing methods are based on the assumption ...Transmit waveform optimization is critical to radar system performance. There have been a fruit of achievements about waveform design in recent years. However, most of the existing methods are based on the assumption that radar is smart and the target is dumb, which is not always reasonable in the modern electronic warfare. This paper focuses on the waveform design for radar and the extended target in the environment of electronic warfare. Three different countermeasure models between smart radar and dumb target, smart target and dumb radar, smart radar and smart target are proposed. Taking the signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio(SINR) as the metric, optimized waveforms for the first two scenarios are achieved by the general water-filling method in the presence of clutter. For the last case, the equilibrium between smart radar and smart target in the presence of clutter is given mathematically and the optimized solution is achieved through a novel two-step water-filling method on the basis of minmax theory. Simulation results under different power constraints show the power allocation strategies of radar and target and the output SINRs are analyzed.展开更多
The paper presents the possibilities of,and methods for,acquiring,analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise,identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground.The main ways electroni...The paper presents the possibilities of,and methods for,acquiring,analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise,identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground.The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated,including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures,as well as ultraviolet(UV)and thermal(IR)signatures.The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed,including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures.Moreover,it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures,only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied.This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper,which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders.It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in“solar-blind”band,various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly.The same is true for IR signatures,where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared.This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground,namely Rocket Propelled Grenade(RPG)launches and explosions after hitting targets,trinitrotoluene(TNT)explosions,firing armour-piercing,fin-stabilised,discarding sabots(APFSDS)or high explosive(HE)projectiles.The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters,created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.展开更多
Focused energy delivery(FED) is a technique that can precisely bring energy to the specific region,which arouses wide attention in precision electronic warfare(PREW).This paper first proposes a joint optimization mode...Focused energy delivery(FED) is a technique that can precisely bring energy to the specific region,which arouses wide attention in precision electronic warfare(PREW).This paper first proposes a joint optimization model with respect to the locations of the array and the transmitted signals to improve the performance of FED.As the problem is nonconvex and NP-hard,particle swarm optimization(PSO) is adopted to solve the locations of the array,while designing the transmitted signals under a feasible array is considered as a unimodular quadratic program(UQP) subproblem to calculate the fitness criterion of PSO.In the PSO-UQP framework established,two methods are presented for the UQP subproblem,which are more efficient and more accurate respectively than previous works.Furthermore,a threshold value is set in the framework to determine which method to adopt to take full advantages of the methods above.Meanwhile,we obtain the maximum localization error that FED can tolerate,which is significant for implementing FED in practice.Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the joint optimization algorithm,and the correctness of the maximum localization error derived.展开更多
Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is emp...Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is employed to develop a model for cognitive bias induced by incomplete information and measurement errors in cognitive radar countermeasures.The payoffs for both parties are calculated using the radar's anti-jamming strategy matrix A and the jammer's jamming strategy matrix B.With perfect Bayesian equilibrium,a dynamic radar countermeasure model is established,and the impact of cognitive bias is analyzed.Drawing inspiration from the cognitive bias analysis method used in stock market trading,a cognitive bias model for cognitive radar countermeasures is introduced,and its correctness is mathematically proved.A gaming scenario involving the AN/SPY-1 radar and a smart jammer is set up to analyze the influence of cognitive bias on game outcomes.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
为更加高效帮助航母编队指挥所和指挥员精准判断战场态势,进而作出最佳决策,从战术运用角度分析未来舰载电子战飞机与无人机协同实施电子进攻行动的优势,通过借鉴美军DoDAF(department of defense architecture framework)体系结构框架...为更加高效帮助航母编队指挥所和指挥员精准判断战场态势,进而作出最佳决策,从战术运用角度分析未来舰载电子战飞机与无人机协同实施电子进攻行动的优势,通过借鉴美军DoDAF(department of defense architecture framework)体系结构框架设计思路,启发构建“五视图体系”,用以清晰呈现各参战平台在重要时间节点的具体行动及内在联系。该研究对于未来进一步优化我航母编队遂行作战任务流程具有较强的现实意义和理论价值。展开更多
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 61473311,70901075)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(grant number 9142017)military projects funded by the Chinese Army。
文摘Electronic warfare is a modern combat mode,in which predicting digital material consumption is a key for material requirements planning(MRP).In this paper,we introduce an insensitive loss function(ε) and propose a ε-SVR-based prediction approach.First,we quantify values of influencing factors of digital equipments in electronic warfare and a small-sample data on real consumption to form a real combat data set,and preprocess it to construct the sample space.Subsequently,we establish the ε-SVR-based prediction model based on "wartime influencing factors-material consumption" and perform model training.In case study,we give 8 historical battle events with battle damage data and predict 3 representative kinds of digital materials by using the proposed approach.The results illustrate its higher accuracy and more convenience compared with other current approaches.Taking data acquisition controller prediction as an example,our model has better prediction performance(RMSE=0.575 7,MAPE(%)=12.037 6 and R^2=0.996 0) compared with BP neural network model(RMSE=1.272 9,MAPE(%)=23.577 5 and R^2=0.980 3) and GM(1,1) model(RMSE=2.095 0,MAPE(%)=24.188 0 and R^2=0.946 6).The fact shows that the approach can be used to support decision-making for MRP in electronic warfare.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61302153)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20160196001)
文摘Transmit waveform optimization is critical to radar system performance. There have been a fruit of achievements about waveform design in recent years. However, most of the existing methods are based on the assumption that radar is smart and the target is dumb, which is not always reasonable in the modern electronic warfare. This paper focuses on the waveform design for radar and the extended target in the environment of electronic warfare. Three different countermeasure models between smart radar and dumb target, smart target and dumb radar, smart radar and smart target are proposed. Taking the signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio(SINR) as the metric, optimized waveforms for the first two scenarios are achieved by the general water-filling method in the presence of clutter. For the last case, the equilibrium between smart radar and smart target in the presence of clutter is given mathematically and the optimized solution is achieved through a novel two-step water-filling method on the basis of minmax theory. Simulation results under different power constraints show the power allocation strategies of radar and target and the output SINRs are analyzed.
基金the National Center for Research and Development in Poland for grant No.DOB-1-6/1/PS/2014:“Laser Systems for Directed Energy Weapon,Laser Systems for Non-LethalWeapon”,which provided a proportion of the funds needed to conduct this research.
文摘The paper presents the possibilities of,and methods for,acquiring,analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise,identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground.The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated,including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures,as well as ultraviolet(UV)and thermal(IR)signatures.The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed,including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures.Moreover,it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures,only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied.This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper,which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders.It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in“solar-blind”band,various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly.The same is true for IR signatures,where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared.This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground,namely Rocket Propelled Grenade(RPG)launches and explosions after hitting targets,trinitrotoluene(TNT)explosions,firing armour-piercing,fin-stabilised,discarding sabots(APFSDS)or high explosive(HE)projectiles.The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters,created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.
基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Project for Youth:1908085QF252)Research Program of National University of Defense Technology(ZK19-10)。
文摘Focused energy delivery(FED) is a technique that can precisely bring energy to the specific region,which arouses wide attention in precision electronic warfare(PREW).This paper first proposes a joint optimization model with respect to the locations of the array and the transmitted signals to improve the performance of FED.As the problem is nonconvex and NP-hard,particle swarm optimization(PSO) is adopted to solve the locations of the array,while designing the transmitted signals under a feasible array is considered as a unimodular quadratic program(UQP) subproblem to calculate the fitness criterion of PSO.In the PSO-UQP framework established,two methods are presented for the UQP subproblem,which are more efficient and more accurate respectively than previous works.Furthermore,a threshold value is set in the framework to determine which method to adopt to take full advantages of the methods above.Meanwhile,we obtain the maximum localization error that FED can tolerate,which is significant for implementing FED in practice.Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the joint optimization algorithm,and the correctness of the maximum localization error derived.
文摘Cognitive bias,stemming from electronic measurement error and variability in human perception,exists in cognitive electronic warfare and affects the outcomes of conflicts.In this paper,the dynamic game approach is employed to develop a model for cognitive bias induced by incomplete information and measurement errors in cognitive radar countermeasures.The payoffs for both parties are calculated using the radar's anti-jamming strategy matrix A and the jammer's jamming strategy matrix B.With perfect Bayesian equilibrium,a dynamic radar countermeasure model is established,and the impact of cognitive bias is analyzed.Drawing inspiration from the cognitive bias analysis method used in stock market trading,a cognitive bias model for cognitive radar countermeasures is introduced,and its correctness is mathematically proved.A gaming scenario involving the AN/SPY-1 radar and a smart jammer is set up to analyze the influence of cognitive bias on game outcomes.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘为更加高效帮助航母编队指挥所和指挥员精准判断战场态势,进而作出最佳决策,从战术运用角度分析未来舰载电子战飞机与无人机协同实施电子进攻行动的优势,通过借鉴美军DoDAF(department of defense architecture framework)体系结构框架设计思路,启发构建“五视图体系”,用以清晰呈现各参战平台在重要时间节点的具体行动及内在联系。该研究对于未来进一步优化我航母编队遂行作战任务流程具有较强的现实意义和理论价值。
