Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.How...Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.展开更多
The cold regions are located in high latitudes and cold climates.The local excellent ornamental plant resources are relatively scarce.The plant species that are suitable for both ornamental and productive benefits of ...The cold regions are located in high latitudes and cold climates.The local excellent ornamental plant resources are relatively scarce.The plant species that are suitable for both ornamental and productive benefits of landscape of flower sea construction are also even fewer.Therefore,it is imperative to introduce and screen the plant resources suitable for cold regions to create the landscape of flower sea.The rape,an oilseed crop,was used as a research object in order to create a productive flower landscape with both ornamental and economic values in cold regions.Four rape flower varieties,Qingza No.5,7,9,and 11,were introduced from Qinghai Hufeng Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd.They were planted in the experimental practice base of Northeast Agricultural University in three batches.Development characteristics and seed yield of rape flowers on different sowing dates were studied.The fuzzy probability method was used to comprehensively evaluate the varieties.The results showed that the rape flowers grew well in Harbin City during the experimental sowing period,which could form a good landscape of flower sea and had a considerable rapeseed yield.It could be widely used in cold urban and rural areas,such as Harbin City.In view of the experimental results,the strategies of creating a productive landscape of rape flower sea were proposed and the economic benefits were analyzed.It could change the status quo of a uniform landscape of flower sea in cold regions,help the development of rural tourism,and promote local economic income.展开更多
If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen in...If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.展开更多
In view of the high complexity of the objective world, an economic dependence between subsystems(paired and unpaired) is proposed, and then the maintenance cost and time under different economic dependences are formul...In view of the high complexity of the objective world, an economic dependence between subsystems(paired and unpaired) is proposed, and then the maintenance cost and time under different economic dependences are formulated in a simple and consistent manner. Selective maintenance problem under economic dependence(EDSMP) is presented based on a series–parallel system in this paper. A case study shows that the system reliability is promoted to a certain extent, which can validate the validity of the EDSMP model. The influence of the ratio of set-up cost on system performance is mainly discussed under different economic dependences. Several existing improvements of classical exhaust algorithm are further modified to solve a large sized EDSMP rapidly. Experimental results illustrate that these improvements can reduce CPU time significantly.Furthermore the contribution of each improvement is defined here, and then their contributions are compared thoroughly.展开更多
An economic dispatch problem for power system with wind power is discussed.Using discrete scenario to describe uncertain wind powers,a threshold is given to identify bad scenario set.The bad-scenario-set robust econom...An economic dispatch problem for power system with wind power is discussed.Using discrete scenario to describe uncertain wind powers,a threshold is given to identify bad scenario set.The bad-scenario-set robust economic dispatch model is established to minimize the total penalties on bad scenarios.A specialized hybrid particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is developed through hybridizing simulated annealing(SA)operators.The SA operators are performed according to a scenario-oriented adaptive search rule in a neighborhood which is constructed based on the unit commitment constraints.Finally,an experiment is conducted.The computational results show that the developed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.展开更多
Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ec...Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.展开更多
A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decompose...A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.展开更多
This paper includes three parts: (1) The main characteristics of knowledge economics in new era; (2) Innovation management is an inevitable trend; (3) Corporate culture lead literary excellence. With the advance of sc...This paper includes three parts: (1) The main characteristics of knowledge economics in new era; (2) Innovation management is an inevitable trend; (3) Corporate culture lead literary excellence. With the advance of science technique and development of productive force , huma nity entered on knowledge economics era.It is a new social economic pattern that occupy and coordinate intellectual resources and causes some essential changes of produce method. Investment pattern, industrial construction, through idea and social organization. Since these changes, the traditional management method don’t meet the need of new times and make some trouble to the enterprise, and then innovation managemen t yield and give good function for knowledge economic era. Adhere to some scienc e create regulation; Accord with the times requirement; Raise output rate and pr omote society productivity; Need a process of time and guard against impetuosity . The application of innovation management to enterprise produce marked success in which corporate culture leads literary excellence.展开更多
Steven Cheung＇s economics which bases on individual benefits maximization of New Classical Economics as internal core and adding some constraint conditions such as transaction costs,property rights and contract as pr...Steven Cheung＇s economics which bases on individual benefits maximization of New Classical Economics as internal core and adding some constraint conditions such as transaction costs,property rights and contract as protective belts, derives a series of testable hypothesis in order toget the general paradigm of economic explanation. It follows the fundamental assumptions of stablepreference and rational choice in Mill Paradigm and Marshall Paradigm, but it adds the Coase Revolution of transaction costs constraint. As a result, its explanation capability is beyond SamuelsonParadigm and New Keynes Paradigm. So, Economic Explanation Paradigm is the same with MillParadigm, Marshall Paradigm, Samuelson Paradigm and New Keynes Paradigm, which should beconsidered to be an important synthesis in the history of economic thought.展开更多
The efficacy of superior drainage in green building treated by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland was launched. The results show that the regression equation relating to efflu...The efficacy of superior drainage in green building treated by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland was launched. The results show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (Nv),temperature (t) and addition dosage (ρ) is BOD5=2.05Nv-0.41t-0.82ρ+38.9. The orthogonal experiment results of constructed wetland post-treatment show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (NA),and temperature (t) is BOD5=1 190NA-0.32t+12.2. Based on the two orthogonal regression equations,combined of green building municipal gray reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons,a technology investment on economic optimization model of combinational technique was established. The results offer technological support for reclaimed water treatment,which regards superior drainage as the source and is purified by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland. According to the model,the reasonable scale of reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined,the treatment efficacy can be well predicted,and both the design and operating can be effectively guided.展开更多
Water is the basis of life.However,the advancements in the farming and industrial techniques have led to the increased water pollution and overgrowth of river plants.A survey was conducted on Kafue River in Zambia.The...Water is the basis of life.However,the advancements in the farming and industrial techniques have led to the increased water pollution and overgrowth of river plants.A survey was conducted on Kafue River in Zambia.The aim was to find out whether the characteristics of a particular portion of the river,was dependent on the economic activities taking place in the surrounding area.Different parts of the river展开更多
Biomass ethanol fuel is not only renewable but also environmental-friendly. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is developing the cassava-based ethanol fuel. Economical performance of the project is the key issue. The tr...Biomass ethanol fuel is not only renewable but also environmental-friendly. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is developing the cassava-based ethanol fuel. Economical performance of the project is the key issue. The traditional life cycle economical analysis is just a static calculation process. Uncertainty is the character of cassava yield, cost of cassava plant, cassava price, tax rate and gasoline price, and the economical performance of the project is determined by these aspects. This study proposes an economical model of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The method of Monte Carol is used to simulate the economical performance. This method conquers the shortage of the traditional way. The results show that cassava-based ethanol fuel can get survived when the tax is exempted. Finally, the study also evaluates the potential of the economical performance.展开更多
Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By ...Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By analyzing the relationship between civil&commercial law and economic law in the context of market economy,this article explores the similarities and differences between,and through the perfection and application of the two,China’s social and economic stability and a lasting progress can be better realized under the mechanism of market economy.展开更多
With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representativ...With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representative of French ecological Marxism,put forward the conception of ecolo gical ratio nality,try ing to break away from the traditional economic rationality by centering on human beings and building an ecological socialist society in which human and nature co-exist harmoniously.Due to the institutional defects of capitalism in itself,Gorz’s conception of ecological rationality can only become a fantasy in capitalist countries.How ever,his ideas have a strong practical value for the construction of ecological civilization in so cialist countries.展开更多
During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated ow...During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated owing to the complex features of the product system,namely,components of the multi-component system are interdependent with each other in some form.For the purpose of optimizing the EW pricing decision of the multi-component system scientifically and rationally,taking the series multi-component system with economic dependence sold with EW policy as a research object,this paper optimizes the imperfect preventive maintenance(PM)strategy from the standpoint of EW cost.Taking into consideration adjusting the PM moments of the components in the system,a group maintenance model is developed,in which the system is repaired preventively in accordance with a specified PM base interval.In order to compare with the system EW cost before group maintenance,the system EW cost model before group maintenance is developed.Numerical example demonstrates that offering group maintenance programs can reduce EW cost of the system to a great extent,thereby reducing the EW price,which proves to be a win-win strategy to manufacturers and users.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the connotation of regional economic development,this paper constructed an assessment criteria system of Chinese economic development,and made a comparative analysis of the overall situation o...Based on the analysis of the connotation of regional economic development,this paper constructed an assessment criteria system of Chinese economic development,and made a comparative analysis of the overall situation of Chinese regional economic development and its performance in terms of supply,demand,development efficiency,economical operation,and opening up.According to the results,the sample provinces were divided into leading regions,superior regions,medium regions,and catch-up regions,and measures were proposed to improve regional economic development from the perspectives of bench marking with leading regions,releasing regional potentials,and upgrading the quality of innovative elements,which provided new ideas for the construction of economic development assessment criteria system and certain reference for the thrust of high quality regional development.展开更多
This paper contributed to the pool of studies about agricultural surplus labor in China, also acted as the root to the imminent settlement of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Using data from...This paper contributed to the pool of studies about agricultural surplus labor in China, also acted as the root to the imminent settlement of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Using data from survey of agricultural surplus labor in 2012, which covered three provinces in northern, midwestem and southern parts of China, this paper analyzed the influential factors on agricultural surplus labor professionalization by adoption of a logistic regression model. It showed that agricultural surplus labor shortage could be explained by low-quality professionalization. It was a feasible and effective way to solve the issue of workforce shortage during economic downturn by improving agricultural surplus labor＇s professionalization.展开更多
Compared with the stagnanteconomy of the rest world,Asian-Pa-cific economy has been experiencingthe hightest growth since the 1980s.Now,most researchers and officials,and even entrepreneurs believe
Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31250512).
文摘Background The mulch-free subsurface drip irrigation system demonstrated water-saving potential as an alternative to traditional mulch-based drip irrigation while also eliminating residual film pollution at source.However,delayed sowing is unavoidable in mulch-free cultivation in ecological regions with a short frost-free period.Intercropping with cumin,which has a shorter growth period,served as an effective strategy to improve land use efficiency during the early growth stages of cotton.Therefore,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping cumin at the seeding rate of 2.5(ID1),3.85(ID2),and 5.2(ID3)kg・hm−2 on cotton growth,interspecies competition,fiber quality,and water use efficiency(WUE),as well as system economic benefits under subsurface drip irrigation.Monocropping cotton was used as the control(CK)treatment.Results At the initial flowering(IF)stage(the end of the co-growth period of cotton and cumin),cotton plant height in ID2 and ID3 treatments decreased by 5.93%–16.53%and 10.87%–31.11%,respectively,cotton stem diameter by 11.41%–14.25%and 3.37%–26.49%,respectively,and vegetative biomass by 14.46%–30.65%and 22.59%–49.91%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.With the increase in cumin density,the crop growth rate(CGR)and compensation effect in cotton tended to significantly decrease at the IF stage regardless of organs considered.For the non-co-growth period(after harvesting cumin),cotton reproductive organ biomass in ID2 and ID3 treatments increased by 4.09%‒14.61%at the boll opening stage,crop growth rate in reproductive organs by 20.74%and 74.26%from peak boll to boll opening stages compared with CK treatment,due to an enhancement of 19.09%and 49.30%in the compensation effect.Compared with ID1,the aggressivity treated by ID2 and ID3 decreased by 12.82%–46.34%and 17.95%–31.71%,respectively.However,owing to a greater number of green bolls in the upper canopy at the harvest stages in the ID3 treatment,the system production value(closely related to yield)treated by ID2 was 11.69%–16.89%,6.56%–20.02%,and 16.48%–59.83%greater than that of the ID1,ID3,and CK treatments,respectively.This also led to the highest WUE and net profit under the ID2 treatment.Conclusion Intercropping cumin with medium density improved the cotton biomass accumulation characteristics and increased resources such as land and water utilization efficiency and economic benefits through a stronger compensation effect after harvesting cumin under subsurface drip irrigation without mulch.This study not only provides alternatives to residual film pollution in arid cotton fields but also establishes a sustainable agro-ecological-economic planting paradigm by reducing plastic use and enhancing water and fertilizer use efficiency,holding significant implications for advancing resource-efficient agricultural systems.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31770437)。
文摘The cold regions are located in high latitudes and cold climates.The local excellent ornamental plant resources are relatively scarce.The plant species that are suitable for both ornamental and productive benefits of landscape of flower sea construction are also even fewer.Therefore,it is imperative to introduce and screen the plant resources suitable for cold regions to create the landscape of flower sea.The rape,an oilseed crop,was used as a research object in order to create a productive flower landscape with both ornamental and economic values in cold regions.Four rape flower varieties,Qingza No.5,7,9,and 11,were introduced from Qinghai Hufeng Agricultural Science and Technology Group Co.,Ltd.They were planted in the experimental practice base of Northeast Agricultural University in three batches.Development characteristics and seed yield of rape flowers on different sowing dates were studied.The fuzzy probability method was used to comprehensively evaluate the varieties.The results showed that the rape flowers grew well in Harbin City during the experimental sowing period,which could form a good landscape of flower sea and had a considerable rapeseed yield.It could be widely used in cold urban and rural areas,such as Harbin City.In view of the experimental results,the strategies of creating a productive landscape of rape flower sea were proposed and the economic benefits were analyzed.It could change the status quo of a uniform landscape of flower sea in cold regions,help the development of rural tourism,and promote local economic income.
文摘If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61305083)
文摘In view of the high complexity of the objective world, an economic dependence between subsystems(paired and unpaired) is proposed, and then the maintenance cost and time under different economic dependences are formulated in a simple and consistent manner. Selective maintenance problem under economic dependence(EDSMP) is presented based on a series–parallel system in this paper. A case study shows that the system reliability is promoted to a certain extent, which can validate the validity of the EDSMP model. The influence of the ratio of set-up cost on system performance is mainly discussed under different economic dependences. Several existing improvements of classical exhaust algorithm are further modified to solve a large sized EDSMP rapidly. Experimental results illustrate that these improvements can reduce CPU time significantly.Furthermore the contribution of each improvement is defined here, and then their contributions are compared thoroughly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173219,62073210).
文摘An economic dispatch problem for power system with wind power is discussed.Using discrete scenario to describe uncertain wind powers,a threshold is given to identify bad scenario set.The bad-scenario-set robust economic dispatch model is established to minimize the total penalties on bad scenarios.A specialized hybrid particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is developed through hybridizing simulated annealing(SA)operators.The SA operators are performed according to a scenario-oriented adaptive search rule in a neighborhood which is constructed based on the unit commitment constraints.Finally,an experiment is conducted.The computational results show that the developed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.
文摘Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.
基金Projects(51007047,51077087)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013CB228205)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Project(20100131120039)supported by Higher Learning Doctor Discipline End Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education Institution,ChinaProject(ZR2010EQ035)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China
文摘A novel approach was proposed to allocate spinning reserve for dynamic economic dispatch.The proposed approach set up a two-stage stochastic programming model to allocate reserve.The model was solved using a decomposed algorithm based on Benders' decomposition.The model and the algorithm were applied to a simple 3-node system and an actual 445-node system for verification,respectively.Test results show that the model can save 84.5 US $ cost for the testing three-node system,and the algorithm can solve the model for 445-node system within 5 min.The test results also illustrate that the proposed approach is efficient and suitable for large system calculation.
文摘This paper includes three parts: (1) The main characteristics of knowledge economics in new era; (2) Innovation management is an inevitable trend; (3) Corporate culture lead literary excellence. With the advance of science technique and development of productive force , huma nity entered on knowledge economics era.It is a new social economic pattern that occupy and coordinate intellectual resources and causes some essential changes of produce method. Investment pattern, industrial construction, through idea and social organization. Since these changes, the traditional management method don’t meet the need of new times and make some trouble to the enterprise, and then innovation managemen t yield and give good function for knowledge economic era. Adhere to some scienc e create regulation; Accord with the times requirement; Raise output rate and pr omote society productivity; Need a process of time and guard against impetuosity . The application of innovation management to enterprise produce marked success in which corporate culture leads literary excellence.
文摘Steven Cheung＇s economics which bases on individual benefits maximization of New Classical Economics as internal core and adding some constraint conditions such as transaction costs,property rights and contract as protective belts, derives a series of testable hypothesis in order toget the general paradigm of economic explanation. It follows the fundamental assumptions of stablepreference and rational choice in Mill Paradigm and Marshall Paradigm, but it adds the Coase Revolution of transaction costs constraint. As a result, its explanation capability is beyond SamuelsonParadigm and New Keynes Paradigm. So, Economic Explanation Paradigm is the same with MillParadigm, Marshall Paradigm, Samuelson Paradigm and New Keynes Paradigm, which should beconsidered to be an important synthesis in the history of economic thought.
基金Project(SWITCH018530) supported by the EU Sixth Framework ProgramProject(2008DFA91770) supported by International Cooperation Items of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘The efficacy of superior drainage in green building treated by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland was launched. The results show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (Nv),temperature (t) and addition dosage (ρ) is BOD5=2.05Nv-0.41t-0.82ρ+38.9. The orthogonal experiment results of constructed wetland post-treatment show that the regression equation relating to effluent BOD5,cubage load (NA),and temperature (t) is BOD5=1 190NA-0.32t+12.2. Based on the two orthogonal regression equations,combined of green building municipal gray reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons,a technology investment on economic optimization model of combinational technique was established. The results offer technological support for reclaimed water treatment,which regards superior drainage as the source and is purified by combinational technique of coagulation sedimentation and constructed wetland. According to the model,the reasonable scale of reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined,the treatment efficacy can be well predicted,and both the design and operating can be effectively guided.
文摘Water is the basis of life.However,the advancements in the farming and industrial techniques have led to the increased water pollution and overgrowth of river plants.A survey was conducted on Kafue River in Zambia.The aim was to find out whether the characteristics of a particular portion of the river,was dependent on the economic activities taking place in the surrounding area.Different parts of the river
文摘Biomass ethanol fuel is not only renewable but also environmental-friendly. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is developing the cassava-based ethanol fuel. Economical performance of the project is the key issue. The traditional life cycle economical analysis is just a static calculation process. Uncertainty is the character of cassava yield, cost of cassava plant, cassava price, tax rate and gasoline price, and the economical performance of the project is determined by these aspects. This study proposes an economical model of cassava-based ethanol fuel. The method of Monte Carol is used to simulate the economical performance. This method conquers the shortage of the traditional way. The results show that cassava-based ethanol fuel can get survived when the tax is exempted. Finally, the study also evaluates the potential of the economical performance.
文摘Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By analyzing the relationship between civil&commercial law and economic law in the context of market economy,this article explores the similarities and differences between,and through the perfection and application of the two,China’s social and economic stability and a lasting progress can be better realized under the mechanism of market economy.
基金Project Name17 Technology Innovation Service Capability-Collaborative Innovation Center Construction of Socialist Theory with Chinese Characteristics in Beijing Colleges and Universities,Project No.036000546617516Beijing Science and Technology Research on Social Organization Development(S0027005201501)。
文摘With the central goal of profit maximization,economic rationality has been pursued by the so ciety under the capitalist mode of production,which has caused great dam age to the environment.Andre Gorz,the representative of French ecological Marxism,put forward the conception of ecolo gical ratio nality,try ing to break away from the traditional economic rationality by centering on human beings and building an ecological socialist society in which human and nature co-exist harmoniously.Due to the institutional defects of capitalism in itself,Gorz’s conception of ecological rationality can only become a fantasy in capitalist countries.How ever,his ideas have a strong practical value for the construction of ecological civilization in so cialist countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871219).
文摘During extended warranty(EW)period,maintenance events play a key role in controlling the product systems within normal operations.However,the modelling of failure process and maintenance optimization is complicated owing to the complex features of the product system,namely,components of the multi-component system are interdependent with each other in some form.For the purpose of optimizing the EW pricing decision of the multi-component system scientifically and rationally,taking the series multi-component system with economic dependence sold with EW policy as a research object,this paper optimizes the imperfect preventive maintenance(PM)strategy from the standpoint of EW cost.Taking into consideration adjusting the PM moments of the components in the system,a group maintenance model is developed,in which the system is repaired preventively in accordance with a specified PM base interval.In order to compare with the system EW cost before group maintenance,the system EW cost model before group maintenance is developed.Numerical example demonstrates that offering group maintenance programs can reduce EW cost of the system to a great extent,thereby reducing the EW price,which proves to be a win-win strategy to manufacturers and users.
文摘Based on the analysis of the connotation of regional economic development,this paper constructed an assessment criteria system of Chinese economic development,and made a comparative analysis of the overall situation of Chinese regional economic development and its performance in terms of supply,demand,development efficiency,economical operation,and opening up.According to the results,the sample provinces were divided into leading regions,superior regions,medium regions,and catch-up regions,and measures were proposed to improve regional economic development from the perspectives of bench marking with leading regions,releasing regional potentials,and upgrading the quality of innovative elements,which provided new ideas for the construction of economic development assessment criteria system and certain reference for the thrust of high quality regional development.
文摘This paper contributed to the pool of studies about agricultural surplus labor in China, also acted as the root to the imminent settlement of the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Using data from survey of agricultural surplus labor in 2012, which covered three provinces in northern, midwestem and southern parts of China, this paper analyzed the influential factors on agricultural surplus labor professionalization by adoption of a logistic regression model. It showed that agricultural surplus labor shortage could be explained by low-quality professionalization. It was a feasible and effective way to solve the issue of workforce shortage during economic downturn by improving agricultural surplus labor＇s professionalization.
文摘Compared with the stagnanteconomy of the rest world,Asian-Pa-cific economy has been experiencingthe hightest growth since the 1980s.Now,most researchers and officials,and even entrepreneurs believe
文摘Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
