Thirty-two mongrel dogs were divided into 4 groups.24 dogs of the 3 therapeutic groupswere inflicted with mild,medium,and severe hemorrhage through right femoral artery bleeding untilthe arterial systolic pressure dro...Thirty-two mongrel dogs were divided into 4 groups.24 dogs of the 3 therapeutic groupswere inflicted with mild,medium,and severe hemorrhage through right femoral artery bleeding untilthe arterial systolic pressure dropped to 9.33,6.67 and 5.33 kPa,respectively,and then intoxicatedby intravenous NaCN 2.5mg/kg 3min after intoxication,intravenous 4-dimethylaminophenol(DMAP) 2 mg/kg was given.8 dogs of the control were inflicted with mild hemorrhage and similar-ly intoxicated,but no treatment was given.The changes of hemodynamics,blood gases andmethemoglobin were observed in the dogs.It was found that all the dogs of the control died with-in 5 min after administration of NaCN.DMAP could exert an excitatory effect on hemodynamicsand rescue the animals from death.The excitatory effect of DMAP became weaker whilehemorrhage became more severe.DMAP could further disturb the oxygen-caring capacity ofhemoglobin because of the formation of large amounts of methemoglobin when it was used as an anti-dote for cyanide intoxidation accompanied with acute hemorrhage.展开更多
The leaching kinetics in cyanide media of the silver contained in the Dos Carlos waste tailings at the City of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo State, Mexico were carried out. The used material contained the following chemica...The leaching kinetics in cyanide media of the silver contained in the Dos Carlos waste tailings at the City of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo State, Mexico were carried out. The used material contained the following chemical composition: 56 10-6of Ag, 0.6 10 6of Au and 70.43%(by weight) of SiO2; 7.032%(by weight) of Al2O3; 2.69%(by weight) of Fe; 0.46%(by weight) of Mn; 3.98%(by weight) of K2O; 3.34%(by weight) of CaO; 2.50%(by weight) of Na2O; 0.04%(by weight) of Zn; 0.026%(by weight) of Pb. The mineralogical phases present were the following: Silica, albite, argentite, berlinite, orthoclase, potassium jarosite, and natrojarosite. In the leaching kinetics in cyanide media, and under the studied conditions,the effect of the CN concentration on the reaction rate has no effect on the whole process of alkaline cyanidation, of which the reaction order is n 0. Temperature has an effect on the cyanidation rate of the reaction, with an activation energy of 47.9 KJ/mol. At the same time, when the particle size decreases there is an increase in the reaction rate, which is inversely proportional to the particle diameter; when increasing the NaOH concentration there is an increase in the reaction rate Kexp, with a reaction order(n) of 0.215 under the studied ranges.展开更多
Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an inc...Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.展开更多
Histochemical study and determination of cytochrome oxidase (CTO) relative activ-ity with a Leitz MPV-III microspectrophotometer in different regions of normal rat brain werecarried out.9 healthy male Wistar rats were...Histochemical study and determination of cytochrome oxidase (CTO) relative activ-ity with a Leitz MPV-III microspectrophotometer in different regions of normal rat brain werecarried out.9 healthy male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 2 groups;an enzyme activi-ty studied group and a control group with HE staining.It was found that 2 kinds of CTO distri-bution areas exist in the brain of rats;the high activity area including cerebral cortex,corpusstriatum (gray matter),thalamus,cerebellar cortex,etc,and low activity area including corpuscallosum,corpus striatum (white matter),hippocampus,cerebellar white matter,etc.The dif-ference of CTO activity between the 2 areas is statistically significant (P【0.01).Moreover,according to the intensity of positive response to CTO detecting stain,the granular layer of thecerebellum can be classified as cytochrome oxidase richly-contained area(CTORA)orcytochrome oxidase poorly-contained area (CTOPA).The CTO activity of the former issignificantly higher than that of the latter(P【0.01).展开更多
Transition-metal(TM)-based Prussian blue and its analogues(TM-PBAs) have attracted considerable attention as cathode materials owing to their versatile ion storage capability with tunable working voltages. TM-PBAs wit...Transition-metal(TM)-based Prussian blue and its analogues(TM-PBAs) have attracted considerable attention as cathode materials owing to their versatile ion storage capability with tunable working voltages. TM-PBAs with different crystal structures, morphologies, and TM combinations can exhibit excellent electrochemical properties because of their unique and robust host frameworks with well-defined<100> ionic diffusion channels. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the performance dependence of TM-PBAs on structural changes during charging/discharging processes. In this study, in situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses elucidate the TMdependent structural changes in a series of TM-PBAs during the charging and discharging processes.During the discharging process, the lattice volume of Fe-PBA increased while those of Ni-and Cu-PBAs decreased. This discrepancy is attributed to the extent of size reduction of the cyanometallate complex([Fe(CN)_(6)]) via pi-backbonding from Fe to C due to redox flips of the low-spin Fe^(3+/2+) ion. This study presents a comprehensive understanding of how TM selection affects capacity acquisition and phase transition in TM-PBAs, a promising class of cathode materials.展开更多
文摘Thirty-two mongrel dogs were divided into 4 groups.24 dogs of the 3 therapeutic groupswere inflicted with mild,medium,and severe hemorrhage through right femoral artery bleeding untilthe arterial systolic pressure dropped to 9.33,6.67 and 5.33 kPa,respectively,and then intoxicatedby intravenous NaCN 2.5mg/kg 3min after intoxication,intravenous 4-dimethylaminophenol(DMAP) 2 mg/kg was given.8 dogs of the control were inflicted with mild hemorrhage and similar-ly intoxicated,but no treatment was given.The changes of hemodynamics,blood gases andmethemoglobin were observed in the dogs.It was found that all the dogs of the control died with-in 5 min after administration of NaCN.DMAP could exert an excitatory effect on hemodynamicsand rescue the animals from death.The excitatory effect of DMAP became weaker whilehemorrhage became more severe.DMAP could further disturb the oxygen-caring capacity ofhemoglobin because of the formation of large amounts of methemoglobin when it was used as an anti-dote for cyanide intoxidation accompanied with acute hemorrhage.
基金the Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Mexico for the financial support
文摘The leaching kinetics in cyanide media of the silver contained in the Dos Carlos waste tailings at the City of Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo State, Mexico were carried out. The used material contained the following chemical composition: 56 10-6of Ag, 0.6 10 6of Au and 70.43%(by weight) of SiO2; 7.032%(by weight) of Al2O3; 2.69%(by weight) of Fe; 0.46%(by weight) of Mn; 3.98%(by weight) of K2O; 3.34%(by weight) of CaO; 2.50%(by weight) of Na2O; 0.04%(by weight) of Zn; 0.026%(by weight) of Pb. The mineralogical phases present were the following: Silica, albite, argentite, berlinite, orthoclase, potassium jarosite, and natrojarosite. In the leaching kinetics in cyanide media, and under the studied conditions,the effect of the CN concentration on the reaction rate has no effect on the whole process of alkaline cyanidation, of which the reaction order is n 0. Temperature has an effect on the cyanidation rate of the reaction, with an activation energy of 47.9 KJ/mol. At the same time, when the particle size decreases there is an increase in the reaction rate, which is inversely proportional to the particle diameter; when increasing the NaOH concentration there is an increase in the reaction rate Kexp, with a reaction order(n) of 0.215 under the studied ranges.
文摘Inhalation injury is often associated with burns and significantly increases morbidity and mortality. The main toxic components of fire smoke are carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and irritants. In the case of an incident at a nuclear power plant or recycling facility associated with fire, smoke may also contain radioactive material. Medical treatments may vary in different countries, and in this paper, we discuss the similarities and differences in the treatments between China and Germany. Carbon monoxide poisoning is treated by 100% oxygen administration and,if available, hyperbaric oxygenation in China as well as in Germany. In addition, antidotes binding the cyanide ions and relieving the respiratory chain are important. Methemoglobin-forming agents(e.g., nitrites, dimethylaminophenol)or hydroxocobalamin(Vitamin B12) are options. The metabolic elimination of cyanide may be enhanced by sodium thiosulfate. In China, sodium nitrite with sodium thiosulfate is the most common combination. The use of dimethylaminophenol instead of sodium nitrite is typical for Germany, and hydroxocobalamin is considered the antidote of choice if available in cases of cyanide intoxications by fire smoke inhalation as it does not further reduce oxygen transport capacity. Systematic prophylactic use of corticosteroids to prevent toxic pulmonary edema is not recommended in China or Germany. Stable iodine is indicated in the case of radioiodine exposure and must be administered within several hours to be effective. The decorporation of metal radionuclides is possible with Ca(DTPA)or Prussian blue that should be given as soon as possible. These medications are used in both countries, but it seems that Ca(DTPA) is administered at lower dosages in China. Although the details of the treatment of inhalation injury and radionuclide(s) decorporation may vary, the general therapeutic strategy is very similar in China and Germany.
文摘Histochemical study and determination of cytochrome oxidase (CTO) relative activ-ity with a Leitz MPV-III microspectrophotometer in different regions of normal rat brain werecarried out.9 healthy male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 2 groups;an enzyme activi-ty studied group and a control group with HE staining.It was found that 2 kinds of CTO distri-bution areas exist in the brain of rats;the high activity area including cerebral cortex,corpusstriatum (gray matter),thalamus,cerebellar cortex,etc,and low activity area including corpuscallosum,corpus striatum (white matter),hippocampus,cerebellar white matter,etc.The dif-ference of CTO activity between the 2 areas is statistically significant (P【0.01).Moreover,according to the intensity of positive response to CTO detecting stain,the granular layer of thecerebellum can be classified as cytochrome oxidase richly-contained area(CTORA)orcytochrome oxidase poorly-contained area (CTOPA).The CTO activity of the former issignificantly higher than that of the latter(P【0.01).
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(NRF-2021R1G1A1092280 and NRF2019R1A6A3A03031343)the Dongil Culture and Scholarship Foundationthe technical support provided at 1-D(KIST-PAL XRD and XAFS)and 7-D beamlines(XAFS)of the Pohang Light Source-II at the Pohang Accelerating Laboratory。
文摘Transition-metal(TM)-based Prussian blue and its analogues(TM-PBAs) have attracted considerable attention as cathode materials owing to their versatile ion storage capability with tunable working voltages. TM-PBAs with different crystal structures, morphologies, and TM combinations can exhibit excellent electrochemical properties because of their unique and robust host frameworks with well-defined<100> ionic diffusion channels. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the performance dependence of TM-PBAs on structural changes during charging/discharging processes. In this study, in situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure analyses elucidate the TMdependent structural changes in a series of TM-PBAs during the charging and discharging processes.During the discharging process, the lattice volume of Fe-PBA increased while those of Ni-and Cu-PBAs decreased. This discrepancy is attributed to the extent of size reduction of the cyanometallate complex([Fe(CN)_(6)]) via pi-backbonding from Fe to C due to redox flips of the low-spin Fe^(3+/2+) ion. This study presents a comprehensive understanding of how TM selection affects capacity acquisition and phase transition in TM-PBAs, a promising class of cathode materials.
