According to the recently developed single-trough floating machine with the world's largest volume(inflatable mechanical agitation flotation machine with volume of 320 m3) in China, the gas-fluid two-phase flow in...According to the recently developed single-trough floating machine with the world's largest volume(inflatable mechanical agitation flotation machine with volume of 320 m3) in China, the gas-fluid two-phase flow in flotation cell was simulated using computational fluid dynamics method. It is shown that hexahedral mesh scheme is more suitable for the complex structure of the flotation cell than tetrahedral mesh scheme, and a mesh quality ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 is obtained. Comparative studies of the standard k-ε, k-ω and realizable k-ε turbulence models were carried out. It is indicated that the standard k-ε turbulence model could give a result relatively close to the practice and the liquid phase flow field is well characterized. In addition, two obvious recirculation zones are formed in the mixing zones, and the pressure on the rotor and stator is well characterized. Furthermore, the simulation results using improved standard k-ε turbulence model show that surface tension coefficient of 0.072, drag model of Grace and coefficient of 4, and lift coefficient of 0.001 can be achieved. The research results suggest that gas-fluid two-phase flow in large flotation cell can be well simulated using computational fluid dynamics method.展开更多
This paper presents a time-efficient numerical approach to modelling high explosive(HE)blastwave propagation using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).One of the main issues of using conventional CFD modelling in high e...This paper presents a time-efficient numerical approach to modelling high explosive(HE)blastwave propagation using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).One of the main issues of using conventional CFD modelling in high explosive simulations is the ability to accurately define the initial blastwave properties that arise from the ignition and consequent explosion.Specialised codes often employ Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)or similar equation of state(EOS)to simulate blasts.However,most available CFD codes are limited in terms of EOS modelling.They are restrictive to the Ideal Gas Law(IGL)for compressible flows,which is generally unsuitable for blast simulations.To this end,this paper presents a numerical approach to simulate blastwave propagation for any generic CFD code using the IGL EOS.A new method known as the Input Cavity Method(ICM)is defined where input conditions of the high explosives are given in the form of pressure,velocity and temperature time-history curves.These time history curves are input at a certain distance from the centre of the charge.It is shown that the ICM numerical method can accurately predict over-pressure and impulse time history at measured locations for the incident,reflective and complex multiple reflection scenarios with high numerical accuracy compared to experimental measurements.The ICM is compared to the Pressure Bubble Method(PBM),a common approach to replicating initial conditions for a high explosive in Finite Volume modelling.It is shown that the ICM outperforms the PBM on multiple fronts,such as peak values and overall overpressure curve shape.Finally,the paper also presents the importance of choosing an appropriate solver between the Pressure Based Solver(PBS)and Density-Based Solver(DBS)and provides the advantages and disadvantages of either choice.In general,it is shown that the PBS can resolve and capture the interactions of blastwaves to a higher degree of resolution than the DBS.This is achieved at a much higher computational cost,showing that the DBS is much preferred for quick turnarounds.展开更多
The finite element method was used to solve fluid dynamic interaction problems between the crust and mantle of the Earth. To consider different mechanical behaviours, the lithosphere consisting of the crust and upper ...The finite element method was used to solve fluid dynamic interaction problems between the crust and mantle of the Earth. To consider different mechanical behaviours, the lithosphere consisting of the crust and upper mantle was simulated as fluid-saturated porous rocks, while the upper aesthenospheric part of the mantle was simulated as viscous fluids. Since the whole lithosphere was computationally simulated, the dynamic interaction between the crust and the upper mantle was appropriately considered. In particular, the mixing of mantle fluids and crustal fluids was simulated in the corresponding computational model. The related computational simulation results from an example problem demonstrate that the mantle fluids can flow into the crust and mix with the crustal fluids due to the resulting convective flows in the crust-mantle system. Likewise, the crustal fluids can also flow into the upper mantle and mix with the mantle fluids. This kind of fluids mixing and exchange is very important to the better understanding of the governing processes that control the ore body formation and mineralization in the upper crust of the Earth.展开更多
为提升低空风切变预报精度,本文综合运用欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)fifth-generation reanalysis data,ERA5]和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Envi...为提升低空风切变预报精度,本文综合运用欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)fifth-generation reanalysis data,ERA5]和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)的FNL全球再分析资料(Final Operational Global Analysis)、先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪全球数字高程模型以及兰州中川机场的实况观测资料,采用中尺度数值天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF)、WRF结合计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法、长短期神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)方法,对2021年4月15-16日兰州中川机场的两次风切变过程进行模拟分析。结果表明:(1)在小于1 km的网格中使用大涡模拟,WRF模式在单个站点风速模拟任务中表现更好,但在近地面水平风场风速模拟效果上,不如WRF模式结合计算流体力学模型方案;(2)对于飞机降落过程中遭遇的两次低空风切变的模拟,WRF-LES和WRF-CFD两种模式都可以模拟出第一次低空风切变,而第二次受传入模式的WRF风速数据值较小的影响,两种模式风速差都没有达到阈值,需要在后续工作中进一步验证;(3)低风速条件(6 m·s^(-1))下,基于LSTM的单变量风速预测模型平均绝对误差基本维持在0.59 m·s^(-1),能较好地把握不同地形与环流背景条件下风速变化的非线性关系,虽然受到WRF误差和观测要素不全的限制,多变量风速预测能在保证平均绝对百分比误差小于6.60%的情况下,以更高的计算效率和泛化能力实现风速预测。本文不仅验证了WRF-CFD和WRF-LES耦合方案在风场和低空风切变预报中的差异,还探讨了基于LSTM的风速预测的可行性和准确性,期望为提高风场模拟精度,缩短精细风场模拟时间提供新的视角和方法。展开更多
Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recover...Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recovery ventilator and to investigate the effect of the air supply arrangement. Three types of mixing ventilation are chosen for the analysis of coupling ANSYS/FLUENT （a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program） with TRNSYS （a building energy simulation （BES） software）. The adoption of mutual complementary boundary conditions for CFD and BES provides more accurate and complete information of indoor air distribution and thermal performance in buildings. A typical office-space situated in a middle storey is chosen for the analysis. The office-space is equipped with air-conditioners on the ceiling. A heat recovery ventilation system directly supplies flesh air to the office space. Its thermal performance and indoor air distribution predicted by the coupled method are compared under three types of ventilation system. When the supply and return openings for ventilation are arranged on the ceiling, there is no critical difference between the predictions of the coupled method and BES on the energy consumption of HVAC because PID control is adopted for the supply air temperature of the occupied zone. On the other hand, approximately 21% discrepancy for the heat recovery estimation in the maximum between the simulated results of coupled method and BES-only can be obviously found in the floor air supply ventilation case. The discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of coupling CFD with BES when vertical air temperature gradient exists. Our future target is to estimate the optimum design of heat recovery ventilation system to control CO2 concentration by adjusting flow rate of flesh air.展开更多
Currently, the flow field of annular seals disturbed by the circular whirl motion of rotors is usually solved using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to evaluate the five rotordynamic coefficients. The simulations are...Currently, the flow field of annular seals disturbed by the circular whirl motion of rotors is usually solved using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to evaluate the five rotordynamic coefficients. The simulations are based on the traditional quasi-steady method. In this work, an improved quasi-steady method along with the transient method was presented to compute the rotordynamic coefficients of a long seal. By comparisons with experimental data, the shortcomings of quasi-steady methods have been identified. Then, the effects of non-uniform incoming flow on seal dynamic coefficients were studied by transient simulations. Results indicate that the long seal has large cross stiffness k and direct mass M which are not good for rotor stability, while the transient method is more suitable for the long seal for its excellent performance in predicting M. When the incoming flow is non-uniform, the stiffness coefficients vary with the eccentric directions. Based on the rotordynamic coefficients under uniform incoming flow, the linearized fluid force formulas, which can consider the effects of non-uniform incoming flow, have been presented and can well explain the varying-stiffness phenomenon.展开更多
Accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a battle-structure-damaged aircraft is essential to enable the pilot to optimize the flight control strategy. Based on CFD and rigid dynamic mesh techniques,a numer...Accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a battle-structure-damaged aircraft is essential to enable the pilot to optimize the flight control strategy. Based on CFD and rigid dynamic mesh techniques,a numerical method is developed to calculate the longitudinal and longitudinal-lateral coupling forces and moments with small amplitude sinusoidal pitch oscillation, and the corresponding dynamic derivatives of two fragment-structure-damaged and two continuous-rod-damaged models modified from the SACCON UAV. The results indicate that, at the reference point set in this paper, additional positive damping is generated in fragment-damaged configurations;thus, the absolute values of the negative pitch dynamic derivative increase. The missing wingtip induces negative pitch damping on the aircraft and decreases the value of the pitch dynamic derivative. The missing middle wing causes a noticeable increase in the absolute value of the pitch dynamic derivative;the missing parts on the right wing cause the aircraft to roll to the right side in the dynamic process, and the pitch-roll coupling cross dynamic derivatives are positive. Moreover, the values of these derivatives increase as the damaged area on the right wing increases, and an optimal case with the smallest cross dynamic derivative can be found to help improve the survivability of damaged aircraft.展开更多
Improving vehicle fuel consumption,performance and aerodynamic efficiency by drag reduction especially in heavy vehicles is one of the indispensable issues of automotive industry.In this work,the effects of adding app...Improving vehicle fuel consumption,performance and aerodynamic efficiency by drag reduction especially in heavy vehicles is one of the indispensable issues of automotive industry.In this work,the effects of adding append devices like deflector and cab vane corner on heavy commercial vehicle drag reduction were investigated.For this purpose,the vehicle body structure was modeled with various supplementary parts at the first stage.Then,computational fluid dynamic(CFD) analysis was utilized for each case to enhance the optimal aerodynamic structure at different longitudinal speeds for heavy commercial vehicles.The results show that the most effective supplementary part is deflector,and by adding this part,the drag coefficient is decreased considerably at an optimum angle.By adding two cab vane corners at both frontal edges of cab,a significant drag reduction is noticed.Back vanes and base flaps are simple plates which can be added at the top and side end of container and at the bottom with specific angle respectively to direct the flow and prevent the turbulence.Through the analysis of airflow and pressure distribution,the results reveal that the cab vane reduces fuel consumption and drag coefficient by up to 20 % receptively using proper deflector angle.Finally,by adding all supplementary parts at their optimized positions,41% drag reduction is obtained compared to the simple model.展开更多
As potential alternative power sources used in portable electric generators, opposite axial piston engines in small-scale were investigated to show their advantages in power density. A novel cylinder charge system was...As potential alternative power sources used in portable electric generators, opposite axial piston engines in small-scale were investigated to show their advantages in power density. A novel cylinder charge system was introduced, based on which a quasi-dimension model and a CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model were established. Comparison of those two models was carried out to validate the quasi-dimension model. Furthermore, optimal diameter of charge cylinder and speed were determined after evaluating the quasi-dimension model based on different parameters. High agreement between the quasi-dimension model and the CFD model validates the quasi-dimension model. Further studies show that the power of engine increases with the diameter of charge cylinder. However, a too big charge cylinder lowers the fuel efficiency instead. Taking economic influence into consideration the charge cylinder should be 1.4 times power cylinder, which could ensure the power density, volumetric efficiency and fuel economic at the same time. Axial piston engine running at 1.0×104 r/min could achieve a better overall performance. The maximal power of engine with optimal parameters is 0.82 k W, which fits the power need of the portable electric generators completely.展开更多
基金Project(51074027)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘According to the recently developed single-trough floating machine with the world's largest volume(inflatable mechanical agitation flotation machine with volume of 320 m3) in China, the gas-fluid two-phase flow in flotation cell was simulated using computational fluid dynamics method. It is shown that hexahedral mesh scheme is more suitable for the complex structure of the flotation cell than tetrahedral mesh scheme, and a mesh quality ranging from 0.7 to 1.0 is obtained. Comparative studies of the standard k-ε, k-ω and realizable k-ε turbulence models were carried out. It is indicated that the standard k-ε turbulence model could give a result relatively close to the practice and the liquid phase flow field is well characterized. In addition, two obvious recirculation zones are formed in the mixing zones, and the pressure on the rotor and stator is well characterized. Furthermore, the simulation results using improved standard k-ε turbulence model show that surface tension coefficient of 0.072, drag model of Grace and coefficient of 4, and lift coefficient of 0.001 can be achieved. The research results suggest that gas-fluid two-phase flow in large flotation cell can be well simulated using computational fluid dynamics method.
文摘This paper presents a time-efficient numerical approach to modelling high explosive(HE)blastwave propagation using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).One of the main issues of using conventional CFD modelling in high explosive simulations is the ability to accurately define the initial blastwave properties that arise from the ignition and consequent explosion.Specialised codes often employ Jones-Wilkins-Lee(JWL)or similar equation of state(EOS)to simulate blasts.However,most available CFD codes are limited in terms of EOS modelling.They are restrictive to the Ideal Gas Law(IGL)for compressible flows,which is generally unsuitable for blast simulations.To this end,this paper presents a numerical approach to simulate blastwave propagation for any generic CFD code using the IGL EOS.A new method known as the Input Cavity Method(ICM)is defined where input conditions of the high explosives are given in the form of pressure,velocity and temperature time-history curves.These time history curves are input at a certain distance from the centre of the charge.It is shown that the ICM numerical method can accurately predict over-pressure and impulse time history at measured locations for the incident,reflective and complex multiple reflection scenarios with high numerical accuracy compared to experimental measurements.The ICM is compared to the Pressure Bubble Method(PBM),a common approach to replicating initial conditions for a high explosive in Finite Volume modelling.It is shown that the ICM outperforms the PBM on multiple fronts,such as peak values and overall overpressure curve shape.Finally,the paper also presents the importance of choosing an appropriate solver between the Pressure Based Solver(PBS)and Density-Based Solver(DBS)and provides the advantages and disadvantages of either choice.In general,it is shown that the PBS can resolve and capture the interactions of blastwaves to a higher degree of resolution than the DBS.This is achieved at a much higher computational cost,showing that the DBS is much preferred for quick turnarounds.
基金Project(10872219) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The finite element method was used to solve fluid dynamic interaction problems between the crust and mantle of the Earth. To consider different mechanical behaviours, the lithosphere consisting of the crust and upper mantle was simulated as fluid-saturated porous rocks, while the upper aesthenospheric part of the mantle was simulated as viscous fluids. Since the whole lithosphere was computationally simulated, the dynamic interaction between the crust and the upper mantle was appropriately considered. In particular, the mixing of mantle fluids and crustal fluids was simulated in the corresponding computational model. The related computational simulation results from an example problem demonstrate that the mantle fluids can flow into the crust and mix with the crustal fluids due to the resulting convective flows in the crust-mantle system. Likewise, the crustal fluids can also flow into the upper mantle and mix with the mantle fluids. This kind of fluids mixing and exchange is very important to the better understanding of the governing processes that control the ore body formation and mineralization in the upper crust of the Earth.
文摘为提升低空风切变预报精度,本文综合运用欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代再分析资料[European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)fifth-generation reanalysis data,ERA5]和美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)的FNL全球再分析资料(Final Operational Global Analysis)、先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪全球数字高程模型以及兰州中川机场的实况观测资料,采用中尺度数值天气预报模式(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF)、WRF结合计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法、长短期神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)方法,对2021年4月15-16日兰州中川机场的两次风切变过程进行模拟分析。结果表明:(1)在小于1 km的网格中使用大涡模拟,WRF模式在单个站点风速模拟任务中表现更好,但在近地面水平风场风速模拟效果上,不如WRF模式结合计算流体力学模型方案;(2)对于飞机降落过程中遭遇的两次低空风切变的模拟,WRF-LES和WRF-CFD两种模式都可以模拟出第一次低空风切变,而第二次受传入模式的WRF风速数据值较小的影响,两种模式风速差都没有达到阈值,需要在后续工作中进一步验证;(3)低风速条件(6 m·s^(-1))下,基于LSTM的单变量风速预测模型平均绝对误差基本维持在0.59 m·s^(-1),能较好地把握不同地形与环流背景条件下风速变化的非线性关系,虽然受到WRF误差和观测要素不全的限制,多变量风速预测能在保证平均绝对百分比误差小于6.60%的情况下,以更高的计算效率和泛化能力实现风速预测。本文不仅验证了WRF-CFD和WRF-LES耦合方案在风场和低空风切变预报中的差异,还探讨了基于LSTM的风速预测的可行性和准确性,期望为提高风场模拟精度,缩短精细风场模拟时间提供新的视角和方法。
基金Project supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI for Young Scientists (S), 21676005)
文摘Thermal comfort and indoor air quality as well as the energy efficiency have been recognized as essential parts of sustainable building assessment. This work aims to analyze the energy conservation of the heat recovery ventilator and to investigate the effect of the air supply arrangement. Three types of mixing ventilation are chosen for the analysis of coupling ANSYS/FLUENT （a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） program） with TRNSYS （a building energy simulation （BES） software）. The adoption of mutual complementary boundary conditions for CFD and BES provides more accurate and complete information of indoor air distribution and thermal performance in buildings. A typical office-space situated in a middle storey is chosen for the analysis. The office-space is equipped with air-conditioners on the ceiling. A heat recovery ventilation system directly supplies flesh air to the office space. Its thermal performance and indoor air distribution predicted by the coupled method are compared under three types of ventilation system. When the supply and return openings for ventilation are arranged on the ceiling, there is no critical difference between the predictions of the coupled method and BES on the energy consumption of HVAC because PID control is adopted for the supply air temperature of the occupied zone. On the other hand, approximately 21% discrepancy for the heat recovery estimation in the maximum between the simulated results of coupled method and BES-only can be obviously found in the floor air supply ventilation case. The discrepancy emphasizes the necessity of coupling CFD with BES when vertical air temperature gradient exists. Our future target is to estimate the optimum design of heat recovery ventilation system to control CO2 concentration by adjusting flow rate of flesh air.
基金Project(51276213)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013BAF01B00)supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China
文摘Currently, the flow field of annular seals disturbed by the circular whirl motion of rotors is usually solved using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to evaluate the five rotordynamic coefficients. The simulations are based on the traditional quasi-steady method. In this work, an improved quasi-steady method along with the transient method was presented to compute the rotordynamic coefficients of a long seal. By comparisons with experimental data, the shortcomings of quasi-steady methods have been identified. Then, the effects of non-uniform incoming flow on seal dynamic coefficients were studied by transient simulations. Results indicate that the long seal has large cross stiffness k and direct mass M which are not good for rotor stability, while the transient method is more suitable for the long seal for its excellent performance in predicting M. When the incoming flow is non-uniform, the stiffness coefficients vary with the eccentric directions. Based on the rotordynamic coefficients under uniform incoming flow, the linearized fluid force formulas, which can consider the effects of non-uniform incoming flow, have been presented and can well explain the varying-stiffness phenomenon.
基金support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11672236)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M641381)。
文摘Accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a battle-structure-damaged aircraft is essential to enable the pilot to optimize the flight control strategy. Based on CFD and rigid dynamic mesh techniques,a numerical method is developed to calculate the longitudinal and longitudinal-lateral coupling forces and moments with small amplitude sinusoidal pitch oscillation, and the corresponding dynamic derivatives of two fragment-structure-damaged and two continuous-rod-damaged models modified from the SACCON UAV. The results indicate that, at the reference point set in this paper, additional positive damping is generated in fragment-damaged configurations;thus, the absolute values of the negative pitch dynamic derivative increase. The missing wingtip induces negative pitch damping on the aircraft and decreases the value of the pitch dynamic derivative. The missing middle wing causes a noticeable increase in the absolute value of the pitch dynamic derivative;the missing parts on the right wing cause the aircraft to roll to the right side in the dynamic process, and the pitch-roll coupling cross dynamic derivatives are positive. Moreover, the values of these derivatives increase as the damaged area on the right wing increases, and an optimal case with the smallest cross dynamic derivative can be found to help improve the survivability of damaged aircraft.
文摘Improving vehicle fuel consumption,performance and aerodynamic efficiency by drag reduction especially in heavy vehicles is one of the indispensable issues of automotive industry.In this work,the effects of adding append devices like deflector and cab vane corner on heavy commercial vehicle drag reduction were investigated.For this purpose,the vehicle body structure was modeled with various supplementary parts at the first stage.Then,computational fluid dynamic(CFD) analysis was utilized for each case to enhance the optimal aerodynamic structure at different longitudinal speeds for heavy commercial vehicles.The results show that the most effective supplementary part is deflector,and by adding this part,the drag coefficient is decreased considerably at an optimum angle.By adding two cab vane corners at both frontal edges of cab,a significant drag reduction is noticed.Back vanes and base flaps are simple plates which can be added at the top and side end of container and at the bottom with specific angle respectively to direct the flow and prevent the turbulence.Through the analysis of airflow and pressure distribution,the results reveal that the cab vane reduces fuel consumption and drag coefficient by up to 20 % receptively using proper deflector angle.Finally,by adding all supplementary parts at their optimized positions,41% drag reduction is obtained compared to the simple model.
基金Projects(51475464,51175500) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘As potential alternative power sources used in portable electric generators, opposite axial piston engines in small-scale were investigated to show their advantages in power density. A novel cylinder charge system was introduced, based on which a quasi-dimension model and a CFD(computational fluid dynamics) model were established. Comparison of those two models was carried out to validate the quasi-dimension model. Furthermore, optimal diameter of charge cylinder and speed were determined after evaluating the quasi-dimension model based on different parameters. High agreement between the quasi-dimension model and the CFD model validates the quasi-dimension model. Further studies show that the power of engine increases with the diameter of charge cylinder. However, a too big charge cylinder lowers the fuel efficiency instead. Taking economic influence into consideration the charge cylinder should be 1.4 times power cylinder, which could ensure the power density, volumetric efficiency and fuel economic at the same time. Axial piston engine running at 1.0×104 r/min could achieve a better overall performance. The maximal power of engine with optimal parameters is 0.82 k W, which fits the power need of the portable electric generators completely.
