Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly charact...Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.展开更多
We find that the word "English" is a mere generalization of many different types of the language, and we form the idea of "Englishes", or "varieties" or "sub-language" with the ...We find that the word "English" is a mere generalization of many different types of the language, and we form the idea of "Englishes", or "varieties" or "sub-language" with the English language. Among all, racial factor creates Black English and African Pidgin and others. They reconstitute the English grammar on the basis of the pidgin and gradually built up a special variety of their own. It is proved that none of language could conquer others. The only possibility that some one dominates others. English is the one. Chinese is different from English in branches and even families. As one variety, China English is not considered much like Black English, South-Asia English, etc.This thesis tries to study the nature and the cause of one of English variety through the explanation by the theory of interlanguage, fossilization, error analysis and transferring of language. China English is systematic and unstable.展开更多
Background： The cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera） is one of cotton＇s most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuring...Background： The cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera） is one of cotton＇s most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton. We aimed to investigate the variation in resistance of transgenic Bt cotton varieties to cotton bollworm in North China. Methods： Populations of cotton bollworm were monitored from 2008 to 2015 in environments where Bt cotton was planted adjacent to other non Bt crops. The study included 197 Bt cotton varieties planted in 42 counties/locations in three provinces （Hebei, Shandong and Henan） of North China, which were evaluated through field investigations, bioassays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. Results： The average number of cotton bollworms never exceeded the action threshold （10 larvae per 100 cotton plants）, however, their number reached 19.55 per 100 cotton plants in 2011. The ratios of damaged plants to total Bt cotton stem tips, buds, and bolls was low except in 2010, when the ratios reached 1.82%, 2.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. The results of bioassay showed that the corrected mortality were higher at the second generation cotton bollworm stage than the third and fourth germination stages. Totally, Bt protein content declined sharply at the seedling stage from 2008 to 2015. Conclusions： This study indicated that almost all Bt cotton varieties were capable to effectively control the populations of cotton bollworm in North China.展开更多
The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its re...The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.展开更多
为分析杂交高粱与西南地区常规酿酒高粱成分的差异,建立品种判别方法。本文测定了29个高粱样品的基本理化组分,采用超高效液相色谱-复合四极杆轨道阱质谱法(ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive HF-X...为分析杂交高粱与西南地区常规酿酒高粱成分的差异,建立品种判别方法。本文测定了29个高粱样品的基本理化组分,采用超高效液相色谱-复合四极杆轨道阱质谱法(ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometry,UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X-MS)分析不同品种类别高粱的代谢物组成,通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)模型、聚类分析和受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析等统计学方法对理化组分和所有代谢物进行特征成分筛选和品种鉴别模型构建。结果表明西南地区常规品种的支链淀粉和单宁含量比杂交品种高,直链淀粉含量和千粒重偏低,基于理化性质可实现部分样品的鉴别。以全部1048个代谢物为变量构建OPLS-DA模型,筛选出46种主要差异代谢物,重新构建了高粱品种OPLS-DA判别模型,判别准确率达到100%。西南地区常规品种中多种酚类化合物含量相对较高。另外,基于ROC分析和质控样本(quality control sample,QC)的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)进一步筛选出20个诊断准确性较高且重现性较好的差异代谢物。其中丁香亭-3-葡萄糖苷和6″-O-乙酰大豆苷在常规高粱品种中具有更高的表达丰度,D-葡萄糖酸、腐胺、N-乙酰腐胺和L-谷氨酰胺在杂交高粱中含量更高。本研究揭示了西南地区常规酿酒高粱与杂交高粱的差异性,建立的基于UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X-MS的非靶向代谢组学方法能科学准确地用于高粱品种鉴别,为高粱品种鉴别提供一种新策略。展开更多
文摘Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.
文摘We find that the word "English" is a mere generalization of many different types of the language, and we form the idea of "Englishes", or "varieties" or "sub-language" with the English language. Among all, racial factor creates Black English and African Pidgin and others. They reconstitute the English grammar on the basis of the pidgin and gradually built up a special variety of their own. It is proved that none of language could conquer others. The only possibility that some one dominates others. English is the one. Chinese is different from English in branches and even families. As one variety, China English is not considered much like Black English, South-Asia English, etc.This thesis tries to study the nature and the cause of one of English variety through the explanation by the theory of interlanguage, fossilization, error analysis and transferring of language. China English is systematic and unstable.
基金supported by the project of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-20)
文摘Background： The cotton bollworm （Helicoverpa armigera） is one of cotton＇s most destructive insect pests in terms of yield and quality. Since 1997, China has grown commercially available transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） cotton. We aimed to investigate the variation in resistance of transgenic Bt cotton varieties to cotton bollworm in North China. Methods： Populations of cotton bollworm were monitored from 2008 to 2015 in environments where Bt cotton was planted adjacent to other non Bt crops. The study included 197 Bt cotton varieties planted in 42 counties/locations in three provinces （Hebei, Shandong and Henan） of North China, which were evaluated through field investigations, bioassays, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. Results： The average number of cotton bollworms never exceeded the action threshold （10 larvae per 100 cotton plants）, however, their number reached 19.55 per 100 cotton plants in 2011. The ratios of damaged plants to total Bt cotton stem tips, buds, and bolls was low except in 2010, when the ratios reached 1.82%, 2.09%, and 10.63%, respectively. The results of bioassay showed that the corrected mortality were higher at the second generation cotton bollworm stage than the third and fourth germination stages. Totally, Bt protein content declined sharply at the seedling stage from 2008 to 2015. Conclusions： This study indicated that almost all Bt cotton varieties were capable to effectively control the populations of cotton bollworm in North China.
文摘The Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants is abbreviated as UPOV. The Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants has 1961/1972 Act ,1978 Act and 1991 Act. China is member of UPOV and its regulations of protection of new varieties of plants conform to 1978 Act. At present, there is big debate whether China accedes to 1991 Act. This paper mainly discussed advantages and possibilities that China accedes to 1991 Act, and concluded that it is highly desirable that China should consider acceding to 1991 Act in order to contribute to development of system on protection of new varieties of plants.
文摘为分析杂交高粱与西南地区常规酿酒高粱成分的差异,建立品种判别方法。本文测定了29个高粱样品的基本理化组分,采用超高效液相色谱-复合四极杆轨道阱质谱法(ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive HF-X mass spectrometry,UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X-MS)分析不同品种类别高粱的代谢物组成,通过主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)模型、聚类分析和受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析等统计学方法对理化组分和所有代谢物进行特征成分筛选和品种鉴别模型构建。结果表明西南地区常规品种的支链淀粉和单宁含量比杂交品种高,直链淀粉含量和千粒重偏低,基于理化性质可实现部分样品的鉴别。以全部1048个代谢物为变量构建OPLS-DA模型,筛选出46种主要差异代谢物,重新构建了高粱品种OPLS-DA判别模型,判别准确率达到100%。西南地区常规品种中多种酚类化合物含量相对较高。另外,基于ROC分析和质控样本(quality control sample,QC)的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)进一步筛选出20个诊断准确性较高且重现性较好的差异代谢物。其中丁香亭-3-葡萄糖苷和6″-O-乙酰大豆苷在常规高粱品种中具有更高的表达丰度,D-葡萄糖酸、腐胺、N-乙酰腐胺和L-谷氨酰胺在杂交高粱中含量更高。本研究揭示了西南地区常规酿酒高粱与杂交高粱的差异性,建立的基于UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X-MS的非靶向代谢组学方法能科学准确地用于高粱品种鉴别,为高粱品种鉴别提供一种新策略。
