Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nan...Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nanotubes as highly efficient alkaline HER catalyst,which shows a low overpotential of 19.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a high mass activity of 5.56 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at 0.1 V, and a stable durability for at least 20 h.The HER performance is better than that of the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C while the Pt content in the catalyst is only about one tenth of that in Pt/C.It also represents one of the best catalysts ever reported for HER in alkaline solution.Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the efficient and stable alkaline HER performance can be attributed to the favorable design of hybrid chemical states of Pt with carbon nanotubes,which exhibits abundant surface Pt-O as active catalytic sites and forms stable Pt-C interfacial interaction to both anchor the NPs and improve the synergistic effect between catalyst and substrate.展开更多
The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal st...The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.展开更多
A matrix of 96 Al2O3 ceramics was implanted with Ni ion of different dosages and energies using a MEVVA implanter. Then metallic structures of copper were made on the implanted ceramics, by using selective electroless...A matrix of 96 Al2O3 ceramics was implanted with Ni ion of different dosages and energies using a MEVVA implanter. Then metallic structures of copper were made on the implanted ceramics, by using selective electroless copper plating. In addition, the characteristics and microstructure of the implanted layer were studied by using the SEM, RBS and XPS. The results show that： 1） the implanted Ni exits as Ni^2, Ni^2＋, and Ni^3＋ in the surface of Al2O3 and metal Ni particles precipitate on ceramics during implantation; 2） the concentration of Ni submits to the Gauss distribution along the direction of implantation on the surface of Al2O3 and high Ni concentration on the surface can be obtained if the Ni is implanted with low energy and a high dosage and 3） Ni ion implantation can activate the surface of Al2O3 and induce electroless copper plating on the ceramics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1932211,U1732110)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology+3 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the 111 Projectthe support from Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(2019HSC-UE002)Post graduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX19_1921)。
文摘Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) in alkaline solution are highly required for water splitting.Here we design an ultra-small PtOx nanoparticle with hybrid Pt chemical states on carbon nanotubes as highly efficient alkaline HER catalyst,which shows a low overpotential of 19.4 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),a high mass activity of 5.56 A mg_(Pt)^(-1) at 0.1 V, and a stable durability for at least 20 h.The HER performance is better than that of the benchmark 20 wt% Pt/C while the Pt content in the catalyst is only about one tenth of that in Pt/C.It also represents one of the best catalysts ever reported for HER in alkaline solution.Synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the efficient and stable alkaline HER performance can be attributed to the favorable design of hybrid chemical states of Pt with carbon nanotubes,which exhibits abundant surface Pt-O as active catalytic sites and forms stable Pt-C interfacial interaction to both anchor the NPs and improve the synergistic effect between catalyst and substrate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52307245[Y.D.Li],No.U21A20170[X.He],22279070[L.Wang],and 52206263[Y.Song])the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721820[Y.D.Li])the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2019YFA0705703[L.Wang])。
文摘The battery technology progress has been a contradictory process in which performance improvement and hidden risks coexist.Now the battery is still a“black box”,thus requiring a deep understanding of its internal state.The battery should“sense its internal physical/chemical conditions”,which puts strict requirements on embedded sensing parts.This paper summarizes the application of advanced optical fiber sensors in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage technologies that may be mass deployed,focuses on the insights of advanced optical fiber sensors into the processes of one-dimensional nano-micro-level battery material structural phase transition,electrolyte degradation,electrode-electrolyte interface dynamics to three-dimensional macro-safety evolution.The paper contributes to understanding how to use optical fiber sensors to achieve“real”and“embedded”monitoring.Through the inherent advantages of the advanced optical fiber sensor,it helps clarify the battery internal state and reaction mechanism,aiding in the establishment of more detailed models.These advancements can promote the development of smart batteries,with significant importance lying in essentially promoting the improvement of system consistency.Furthermore,with the help of smart batteries in the future,the importance of consistency can be weakened or even eliminated.The application of advanced optical fiber sensors helps comprehensively improve the battery quality,reliability,and life.
基金Project BK200403 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province Project 2005A046 supported by Youth Foundation of CUMT
文摘A matrix of 96 Al2O3 ceramics was implanted with Ni ion of different dosages and energies using a MEVVA implanter. Then metallic structures of copper were made on the implanted ceramics, by using selective electroless copper plating. In addition, the characteristics and microstructure of the implanted layer were studied by using the SEM, RBS and XPS. The results show that： 1） the implanted Ni exits as Ni^2, Ni^2＋, and Ni^3＋ in the surface of Al2O3 and metal Ni particles precipitate on ceramics during implantation; 2） the concentration of Ni submits to the Gauss distribution along the direction of implantation on the surface of Al2O3 and high Ni concentration on the surface can be obtained if the Ni is implanted with low energy and a high dosage and 3） Ni ion implantation can activate the surface of Al2O3 and induce electroless copper plating on the ceramics.
