Embryonic stem (ES) cell biology is attracting much attention in cell biology because of their pluripotent behaviors and potential therapeutic applications. However,what maintains ES cell pluripotency and what trigger...Embryonic stem (ES) cell biology is attracting much attention in cell biology because of their pluripotent behaviors and potential therapeutic applications. However,what maintains ES cell pluripotency and what triggers ES cell展开更多
Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development.C2C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro.Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family...Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development.C2C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro.Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family)member 3(DHRS3)is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol.Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation.However,the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear.The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation,and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration.Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2C12 myoblast differentiation respectively,which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2C12 myoblast differentiation.DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration,with the regeneration of muscle injury,the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease.It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration.In summary,this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.展开更多
For the conventional single-ended eFuse cell, sensing failures can occur due to a variation of a post-program eFuse resistance during the data retention time and a relatively high program resistance of several kilo oh...For the conventional single-ended eFuse cell, sensing failures can occur due to a variation of a post-program eFuse resistance during the data retention time and a relatively high program resistance of several kilo ohms. A differential paired eFuse cell is designed which is about half the size smaller in sensing resistance of a programmed eFuse link than the conventional single-ended eFuse cell. Also, a sensing circuit of sense amplifier is proposed, based on D flip-flop structure to implement a simple sensing circuit. Furthermore, a sensing margin test circuit is proposed with variable pull-up loads out of consideration for resistance variation of a programmed eFuse. When an 8 bit eFuse OTP IP is designed with 0.18 ~tm standard CMOS logic of TSMC, the layout dimensions are 229.04 μm ×100.15μm. All the chips function successfully when 20 test chips are tested with a program voltage of 4.2 V.展开更多
文摘Embryonic stem (ES) cell biology is attracting much attention in cell biology because of their pluripotent behaviors and potential therapeutic applications. However,what maintains ES cell pluripotency and what triggers ES cell
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C2017025)。
文摘Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development.C2C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro.Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family)member 3(DHRS3)is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol.Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation.However,the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear.The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation,and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration.Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2C12 myoblast differentiation respectively,which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2C12 myoblast differentiation.DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration,with the regeneration of muscle injury,the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease.It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration.In summary,this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.
文摘For the conventional single-ended eFuse cell, sensing failures can occur due to a variation of a post-program eFuse resistance during the data retention time and a relatively high program resistance of several kilo ohms. A differential paired eFuse cell is designed which is about half the size smaller in sensing resistance of a programmed eFuse link than the conventional single-ended eFuse cell. Also, a sensing circuit of sense amplifier is proposed, based on D flip-flop structure to implement a simple sensing circuit. Furthermore, a sensing margin test circuit is proposed with variable pull-up loads out of consideration for resistance variation of a programmed eFuse. When an 8 bit eFuse OTP IP is designed with 0.18 ~tm standard CMOS logic of TSMC, the layout dimensions are 229.04 μm ×100.15μm. All the chips function successfully when 20 test chips are tested with a program voltage of 4.2 V.
