Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,t...Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.展开更多
In this work,ultrasonic energy field assistance combined with tempering treatment is proposed to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of A517Q alloy steel fabricated by laser directed energy deposition...In this work,ultrasonic energy field assistance combined with tempering treatment is proposed to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of A517Q alloy steel fabricated by laser directed energy deposition(LDED).The effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and tempering treatment on microstructure evolution,microhardness distribution and mechanical properties of deposition layer were studied in detail.The microstructure of UV assisted LDED sample after tempering is mainly composed of tempered sorbite(TS).Due to the improvement of microstructure inhomogeneity and grains refinement,UV assisted LDED sample with tempering treatment obtains excellent mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation after breaking(EL)reach 765 MPa,657 MPa and 19.5%,the increase ratios of UTS and YS are 14.5%and 33.8%while maintaining plasticity compared to original LDED sample,respectively.It is obvious that ultrasonic vibration combined with tempering is a potential and effective method to obtain uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties in metal laser directed energy deposition field.展开更多
Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous Si...Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous SiO_(2) refractive index gradient anti-reflective film prepared by atomic layer deposition(ALD).A porous SiO_(2) film with gradual porosity was obtained by phosphoric acid etching of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) multilayers with gradient Al2O3 ratios,achieving a gradual decrease in refractive index from the substrate to the surface.The film exhibited an average transmittance as high as 97.8%within the wavelength range from 320 nm to 1200 nm.The environmental adaptability was further enhanced by surface modification using rare earth oxide(REO)La_(2)O_(3),resulting in formation of a lotus leaf-like structure and achieving a water contact angle of 100.0°.These data proved that the modification significantly improved hydrophobic self-cleaning capability while maintaining exceptional transparency of the film.The surface structure of the modified film remained undamaged even after undergoing wipe testing,demonstrating its excellent surface durability.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aq...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.展开更多
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Scientific and Technological Development Program(20230508109RC,20230201051GX,20220201091GX)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62035013,61275235)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion electrochromic(EC)technology,boasting the capability to fulfill both safety and cost-ef⁃fectiveness requirements,is garnering extensive attention in various application areas including smart windows,thermal management,displays,and camouflage.However,typical inorganic EC materials,such as tungsten oxides(WO_(3)),of⁃ten suffer from slow ion diffusion kinetics and limited optical contrast within the aqueous Zn^(2+)electrolyte because of the large size and strong Coulombic interactions of the Zn^(2+),which limits their wide applicability.Here,ordered WO_(3)nanowire films,constructed by a one-step grazing angle deposition method,is demonstrated to boost the response speed and optical contrast during EC phenomena.Compared with dense films,the ordered WO_(3)nanowire films with a porosity of 44.6%demonstrate anti-reflective property and excellent comprehensive EC performance,including fast response time(3.6 s and 1.2 s for coloring and bleaching,respectively),large optical contrast(66.6%at 700 nm)and high col⁃oration efficiency(64.3 cm^(2)·C^(-1)).A large-area prototype EC device(17 cm×12 cm)with fast color-switching is also successfully achieved.Mechanistic studies show that the improved performance is mainly due to the ordered porous nanowire structures,which provides direct electron transfer paths and sufficient interfacial contacts,thus simultaneously enhancing the electrochemical activity and fast redox kinetics.This study provides a simple and effective strategy to im⁃prove the performance of tungsten oxide-based aqueous zinc ion EC materials and devices.
基金Project(2021YFC2801904) supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(KY10100230067) supported by the Basic Product Innovation Research Project,China+3 种基金Projects(52271130,52305344) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2022QE073) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ChinaProject(AMGM2021F01) supported by the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai,ChinaProject(KY90200210015) supported by Leading Scientific Research Project of CNNC,China。
文摘In this work,ultrasonic energy field assistance combined with tempering treatment is proposed to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of A517Q alloy steel fabricated by laser directed energy deposition(LDED).The effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and tempering treatment on microstructure evolution,microhardness distribution and mechanical properties of deposition layer were studied in detail.The microstructure of UV assisted LDED sample after tempering is mainly composed of tempered sorbite(TS).Due to the improvement of microstructure inhomogeneity and grains refinement,UV assisted LDED sample with tempering treatment obtains excellent mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation after breaking(EL)reach 765 MPa,657 MPa and 19.5%,the increase ratios of UTS and YS are 14.5%and 33.8%while maintaining plasticity compared to original LDED sample,respectively.It is obvious that ultrasonic vibration combined with tempering is a potential and effective method to obtain uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties in metal laser directed energy deposition field.
文摘Broadband transparent films play a pivotal role in various applications such as lenses and solar cells,particularly porous structured transparent films exhibit significant potential.This study investigates a porous SiO_(2) refractive index gradient anti-reflective film prepared by atomic layer deposition(ALD).A porous SiO_(2) film with gradual porosity was obtained by phosphoric acid etching of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) multilayers with gradient Al2O3 ratios,achieving a gradual decrease in refractive index from the substrate to the surface.The film exhibited an average transmittance as high as 97.8%within the wavelength range from 320 nm to 1200 nm.The environmental adaptability was further enhanced by surface modification using rare earth oxide(REO)La_(2)O_(3),resulting in formation of a lotus leaf-like structure and achieving a water contact angle of 100.0°.These data proved that the modification significantly improved hydrophobic self-cleaning capability while maintaining exceptional transparency of the film.The surface structure of the modified film remained undamaged even after undergoing wipe testing,demonstrating its excellent surface durability.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)which are environmentally benign and cheap can be used for grid-scale energy storage,but have a short cycling life mainly due to the poor reversibility of zinc metal anodes in mild aqueous electrolytes.A zincophilic carbon(ZC)layer was deposited on a Zn metal foil at 450°C by the up-stream pyrolysis of a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular substance framework,as-sembled from melamine(ME)and cyanuric acid(CA).The zincophilic groups(C=O and C=N)in the ZC layer guide uniform zinc plating/stripping and eliminate dendrites and side reactions.so that assembled symmetrical batteries(ZC@Zn//ZC@Zn)have a long-term service life of 2500 h at 1 mA cm^(−2) and 1 mAh cm^(−2),which is much longer than that of bare Zn anodes(180 h).In addition,ZC@Zn//V2O5 full batteries have a higher capacity of 174 mAh g^(−1) after 1200 cycles at 2 A g^(−1) than a Zn//V_(2)O_(5) counterpart(100 mAh g^(−1)).The strategy developed for the low-temperat-ure deposition of the ZC layer is a new way to construct advanced zinc metal anodes for ZMBs.
